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Roman military commander and writer (AD23/24–79)
known in English as Pliny the Elder (/ˈplɪni/ PLIN-ee), was a Roman author, naturalist, scientist, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire,
Pliny_the_Elder
Roman lawyer, author and magistrate (61 – c. 113)
in English as Pliny the Younger (/ˈplɪni/ PLIN-ee), was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome. Pliny's uncle, Pliny the Elder, helped raise
Pliny_the_Younger
Encyclopedia written by Pliny the Elder
The Natural History (Latin: Naturalis historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder. The largest single work to have survived from the Roman Empire to
Natural_History_(Pliny)
Volcanic eruption in Italy
weakly through the cloud, encouraging Pliny and his mother to return home and wait for news of Pliny the Elder. The letter compares the ash to a blanket
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79_AD
Species of citrus plant
Pliny the Elder. London: Taylor and Francis. "Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, Book XII. The Natural History of Trees, Chap. 7. (3.)—How the Citron
Citron
Celtic religious ceremony
historian Pliny the Elder, written in the 1st century AD. Speaking of mistletoe, he writes: We should not omit to mention the great admiration that the Gauls
Ritual_of_oak_and_mistletoe
Immortal bird that is cyclically reborn
Herodotus, Lucan, Pliny the Elder, Pope Clement I, Lactantius, Ovid, and Isidore of Seville are among those who have contributed to the retelling and transmission
Phoenix_(mythology)
5th-century BC Carthaginian explorer
Gorillai as the gorilla. The text was known to the Roman Pliny the Elder (c. 23–79) and the Greek Arrian of Nicomedia (c. 86–160). While the power of Carthage
Hanno_the_Navigator
Daughter of Augustus (39 BC – AD 14)
Gracchus, and Cornelius Scipio. Seneca the Younger refers to "adulterers admitted in droves"; Pliny the Elder calls her an "exemplum licentiae" (NH 21
Julia_the_Elder
Legendary island in the British Isles
was known to some later writers, including Timaeus, Posidonius, and Pliny the Elder. Their work is contradictory, but from it deductions can be made about
Ictis
Fifth King of Rome
55; II, 8. Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, XXXIV, 29. Florus, Epitoma de Tito Livio bellorum omnium annorum DCC, I, 5.6. Pliny the Elder, Naturalis
Lucius_Tarquinius_Priscus
Fifth century BCE Greek sculptor
Pliny the Elder and Cicero, and Ἀργεῖος (lit. "The Argive", trans. "of Argos") by others like Plato and Pausanias. He is sometimes called the Elder,
Polykleitos
Roman scholar, writer and historian (c. 54 BC – c. AD 39)
as Pliny the Elder, Asinius Pollio, Maecenas, and the emperor Augustus. Seneca mentioned the poet Ovid as being a star declaimer; the works of the satirists
Seneca_the_Elder
American beer brand
the local community. Russian River Brewing Company debuted Pliny the Younger in 2005 as a winter beer complement to their double IPA, Pliny the Elder
Pliny_the_Younger_(beer)
Active stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples, Italy
news of Pliny the Elder. Pliny's uncle, Pliny the Elder, was in command of the Roman fleet at Misenum and had meanwhile decided to investigate the phenomenon
Mount_Vesuvius
Roman woman who was a friend of Pliny the Elder
Rectina was a friend of the Roman author Pliny the Elder. During the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE, Pliny received a message from her, which prompted
Rectina
Tribe of giants in the Odyssey
Polybius (1.2.9) the Laestrygones inhabited southeast Sicily; Pliny the Elder in the Natural History (7.2) places them "in the very centre of the earth, in Italy
Laestrygonians
Personal missives by Pliny the Younger
noteworthy among the letters are two in which he describes the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 during which his uncle Pliny the Elder died (Epistulae
Epistulae_(Pliny)
Mythical race of people
bodies. In AD 77–79, the classical writer Pliny the Elder published his thirty-seven volumes of encyclopedic works known as the Natural History containing
Panotti
Ancient city near modern Naples, Italy
victims. As admiral of the fleet, Pliny the Elder had ordered the ships of the Imperial Navy stationed at Misenum to cross the bay to assist evacuation attempts
Pompeii
North African people in antiquity
and north of the Atlas. During the Roman period, according to Pliny the Elder, the Autololes Gaetuli established themselves south of the province of Mauretania
Gaetuli
Largest pyramid in the Giza Necropolis, Egypt
suggests that the pyramid could be entered at this time. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder, writing in the first century AD, argued that the Great Pyramid
Great_Pyramid_of_Giza
School of thought favoring compiling all human knowledge in one source
Roman writers such as Pliny the Elder and Varro – discussions presumably not intended as practical advice to farmers or craftsmen. The vast majority of classical
Encyclopedism
Type of volcanic eruption
by Pliny the Younger, after the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder. Plinian eruptions eject columns of volcanic debris and hot gases high into the stratosphere
Plinian_eruption
Unidentified plant used as a seasoning and medicine
held it. The plant was sung about by Roman poets and singers, who considered it equivalent to its weight in gold. Historically, Pliny the Elder blamed silphium's
Silphium
Hairstyles in ancient Rome
character named Phoebus. The Romans also believed that shaving one's head was necessary for diagnosing certain illnesses. Pliny the Elder suggested many possible
Roman_hairstyles
Priestly and learned class of the ancient Celts
single passage of Pliny the Elder. The druids declined after the Roman conquest of Gaul and were the object of imperial prohibitions in the 1st century CE
Druid
Roman historian and senator (56–120)
Thrasea. His father may have been the Cornelius Tacitus who served as procurator of Belgica and Germania; Pliny the Elder mentions that Cornelius had a son
Tacitus
Beer with high hop content
and 2001, Pliny the Elder, which is considered a seminal example of the Double IPA style. India pale lager (IPL) is not an IPA at all, in the sense of
India_pale_ale
Ancient south Indian port
sources (the Sangam Literature or the early Tamil poems) and Graeco-Roman Classical texts, such as the Periplus and the writings of Pliny the Elder, especially
Muziris
Ancient Greek temple in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk, Turkey)
versions of this earlier feature. Pliny the Elder, seemingly unaware of the ancient continuity of the sacred site, claims that the new temple's architects chose
Temple_of_Artemis
harvest and the unusually high quality of wine produced, some of the vintage's best examples were being enjoyed over a century later. Pliny the Elder wrote
Ancient_Rome_and_wine
Species of flowering plant with edible fruits
available via Perseus Project. Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iii Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iv Archived
Cucumber
Legendary reptile in European mythology
causes any being to die when glanced at. According to the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder, the basilisk of Cyrene is a small snake, "being not more
Basilisk
the commander of the relieving force. This award was extremely rare, and Pliny the Elder enumerated only eight times occasions that had warranted the
Wreaths and crowns in antiquity
Wreaths_and_crowns_in_antiquity
Historical fermented fish sauce
dishes. Murri may derive from garum. Pliny the Elder and Isidore of Seville derive the Latin word garum from the Greek γάρος (gáros), a food named by
Garum
Ancient Roman god of fire, volcanoes, and metalworking
of the sacrificial ara, at the order of Tanaquil, Tarquinius Priscus' wife. Pliny the Elder tells the same story, but states that the father was the Lar
Vulcan_(mythology)
Greek god of the north wind
without trampling the plants. Pliny the Elder (Natural History iv.35 and viii.67) thought that mares might stand with their hindquarters to the North Wind and
Boreas
1962, p. 261. Ovid, The Art of Love., 3.270. Ovid, The Art of Beauty. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 32.65. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 11.238
Cosmetics_in_ancient_Rome
Topics referred to by the same term
Pliny in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pliny may refer to: Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE), ancient Roman nobleman, scientist, and historian Pliny the Younger
Pliny
carried out in Sicily. Pliny the Elder lists the Triocalini (inhabitants of Triocala) among the tributary inland communities of Sicily. The diocese of Triocala
Triocala
Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder which not only described many different minerals but also explained many of their properties. The German Renaissance
History_of_mineralogy
Roman emperor from AD 41 to 54
ISBN 978-1-55876-200-8. Pliny the Elder, XXXIII xlvii 133–137. "Head of the Emperor Claudius". British Museum. Scramuzza 1940, Chap. 7, p. 142. Pliny the Elder, 5.1–5
Claudius
One-eyed giants in Greek and Roman mythology
because "the Greek upper-classes looked down upon those who had to work for a living". Pliny the Elder, Natural History 7.195. Pliny the Elder, Natural
Cyclopes
One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
gathered about the Mausoleum and its structure has come from the Roman polymath Pliny the Elder. He wrote some basic facts about the architecture and
Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus
Ethiopian king in Greek mythology
Drew Griffith on the fact that the statue faces sunrise on the winter solstice and so was linked to the dawn. According to Pliny the Elder and others, one
Memnon
Engineering accomplishments of the ancient Roman civilization
The methods are described in great detail by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia. He also described deep mining underground, and mentions the need
Ancient_Roman_engineering
Roman painter under Nero
for his work in the Domus Aurea, Rome, that was commissioned by Nero. Because he was mentioned by Pliny the Elder, he is one of the earliest artists
Famulus
Mythical creature
Aristotle referred to the bird as kinnamômon orneon. Pliny the Elder adopted a more skeptical view of the cinnamon bird, erroneously named cinnamolgus. He
Cinnamon_bird
Spice from Cinnamomum trees
Pliny the Elder wrote that cinnamon was brought around the Arabian Peninsula on "rafts without rudders or sails or oars", taking advantage of the winter
Cinnamon
One of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls
seemingly fits with the theory that the scroll(s) was a product of the Essenes, a mystic Jewish sect, first mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History
Isaiah_Scroll
Centaur from Greek mythology
Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 7.56.3 Homer, Iliad 11.831 Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 2.1235 citing Pherecydes; Pliny the Elder,
Chiron
Writing material made from a reed-like plant
qualities and prices. Pliny the Elder and Isidore of Seville described six variations of papyrus that were sold in the Roman market of the day. These were graded
Papyrus
Mountain passes linked with Alexander the Great
with Alexander legends, as in the Alexander Romance, the Syriac Alexander Romance, and the Qissat Dhulqarnayn. Pliny the Elder (23 AD – 25 August 79 AD),
Gates_of_Alexander
Band of heroes in Greek mythology
there they went at the Thessalian shore. Pliny the Elder wrote that some writers claim that the Argo came down some river into the Adriatic Sea, not far
Argonauts
Ancient sculpture excavated in Rome in 1506 AD
display in the Vatican Museums, where it remains today. The statue is very likely the same one praised in the highest terms by Pliny the Elder, the main Roman
Laocoön_and_His_Sons
Blind prophet of Apollo
listen for the songs of birds, or burn offerings or entrails, interpreting prophecies through pictures that appeared in the smoke. Pliny the Elder credited
Tiresias
Legendary animal
"unbarking hounds of Zeus" has led to the speculation they were seen as wingless. Pliny the Elder (1st century) was the first to state explicitly that griffins
Griffin
Roman empress from AD 49 to 54
was described as a beautiful and reputable woman; and, according to Pliny the Elder, had a double canine in her upper right jaw, which was regarded as
Agrippina_the_Younger
Ordered list of the parts of a written work
text's sections, sometimes with descriptions. Pliny the Elder credits Quintus Valerius Soranus (d. 82 BC) as the first author to provide a table of contents
Table_of_contents
Chemical process
Pliny the Elder (1855) [Pliny published the first 10 books in 77 CE. The rest was published posthumously by Pliny the Younger]. "XVI.21(11)". The Natural
Destructive_distillation
Latin oratorical phrase
esse Carthaginem … pronuntiabat." Therefore, Pliny the Elder, Florus and the Pseudo Aurelius Victor quote the phrase Carthago delenda est in indirect speech
Carthago_delenda_est
Historic ethnic confederation of Alpine tribes
describe the Rhaetians). The Roman geographer Pliny the Elder, writing in AD 70, suggests that the people were named after "Raetus", a leader at the time
Rhaetian_people
Historic gold-mining site in León, Spain
(wrecking of the mountains), a Roman mining technique described by Pliny the Elder in 77 AD. The technique employed was a type of hydraulic mining which involved
Las_Médulas
Ancient Roman villa-estate
The Villa of Pliny in Tuscis was a large, elaborate ancient Roman villa-estate that belonged to the Plinys (Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger). It
Roman Villa of Pliny "in Tuscis"
Roman_Villa_of_Pliny_"in_Tuscis"
Greek mythological hero
or Poseidon. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) in his Natural History mentions a "port of the Achæi" and an "island of Achilles", famous for the tomb of that
Achilles
Iphigenia with. Pliny the Elder was a Roman scholar who wrote about the great artists of Classical Antiquity in his encyclopedic work The Natural History
Depictions of the sacrifice of Iphigenia
Depictions_of_the_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia
was pushed by oxen or horses. Pliny the Elder mentions the device in the Naturalis Historia XVIII, 296. Possibly because the vallus was cumbersome and expensive
Agriculture_in_ancient_Rome
Roman exonym
light-complexioned populations inhabiting the Aethiopia region of antiquity. The exonym is used by Pliny the Elder, and is also mentioned by Pomponius Mela
White_Aethiopians
Place on the north shore of the Bay of Naples, of Italy
cut through the spit to link the harbours. The town became a municipium in the 1st century. Pliny the Elder was the praefect in charge of the naval fleet
Miseno
Greek mythological figures with same name
Heinemann, Ltd. 1940–1942. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley
Lamus_(mythology)
Genus of plants
to be female, the other, the male, has fewer leaves. — translated by Harris Rackham Pliny the Elder notes "the Magi especially make the maddest statements
Verbena
Mythical creature described by Pliny the Elder
The achlis was one of a number of strange creatures listed in Roman mythology by Pliny the Elder in the 1st century BC. He described it as saying it looked
Achlis
mentioned in a passage of Pliny the Elder: But India has been treated of by several other Greek writers who resided at the courts of Indian kings, such
Dionysius_(ambassador)
Roman historian (c. AD 69 – after AD 122)
Horace and Lucan, survive) De Historicis ("Lives of the historians"; a brief life of Pliny the Elder is attributed to this work) Peri ton par' Hellesi paidion
Suetonius
Species of flowering plant in the laurel family Lauraceae
[citation needed] Pliny the Elder stated that the laurel was not permitted for "profane" uses – lighting it on fire at altars "for the propitiation of divinities"
Laurus_nobilis
Forerunner of the Suez Canal, Egypt
first opening of the canal was under Persian king Darius the Great, but later ancient authors like Aristotle, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder claim that he failed
Canal_of_the_Pharaohs
Ancient city in Tunisia
at xiii, 313). Duane W. Roller, The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene (2003) at 189, n22; cf., 177. Pliny the Elder (23–79), Naturalis Historia V,
Carthage
Two men known for their assassination of Hipparchus
274–295. Pliny the Elder, XXXIV,17. Spivey 1996, pp. 114–115. Edmonds 1931, p. 377. Pausanias 1918, p. 1.8.5.. Mattusch 1988, p. 119. Pliny the Elder, XXXIV
Harmodius_and_Aristogeiton
Alloy also known as Black Corinthian Bronze
in Latin as aes and in Greek as χαλκός), hepatizon was the second most valuable. Pliny the Elder mentions it in his Natural History, stating that it is
Hepatizon
Group of Greek gods
according to Pliny the Elder; but for Aulus Gellius Volturnus was the equivalent of the southeast wind Euronotus. In the Latin poems, the name Eurus is
Anemoi
Roman temple, later church, in Rome
eyewitness are in Pliny the Elder's Natural History. From him we know that "the capitals, too, of the pillars, which were placed by M. Agrippa in the Pantheon
Pantheon,_Rome
Agent used to clean and polish teeth
Nitrum". The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. "xxxii.26.—Remedies for Tooth-ache". The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. "xxxii.21.(6.)—The Various Kinds
Dentifrice
Municipal unit in Greece
Pliny the Elder mentions a Lesbian city called Hiera, which was abandoned before his time. The 1st-century Roman historian and naturalist Pliny the Elder
Gera,_Lesbos
Son of Helios in Greek mythology
Leipzig, DE: Teubner. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Pliny the Elder, (1938–1962). Pliny – Natural History, 10 volumes. Translated by
Phaethon
Extremely bright meteor
where Pliny the Elder describes two types of prodigies, "those which are called lampades and those which are called bolides". At least one of the prodigies
Bolide
1st-century BC Roman architect and engineer
branch of the Roman civil service). He is mentioned in Pliny the Elder's table of contents for Naturalis Historia (Natural History), in the heading for
Vitruvius
Mythological weaver who was transformed into a spider
Metamorphoses, 6. 8 Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia, Book 7.56.3; According to Justin, B. ii. c. 6, the Athenians introduced the use of wool among their
Arachne
1st century AD Roman senator
personal friend, the noted author and military commander Pliny the Elder, sailed from across the Bay of Naples to rescue him. Amidst the ongoing disaster
Pomponianus
Ancient Roman Horse-Trappings
historian Pliny the Elder, who later witnessed the destruction of Pompeii. The horse trappings were found in the early nineteenth century at the Roman city
Xanten_Horse-Phalerae
Relations between ancient Greece and India
in India in the cities founded by Alexander. Pliny the Elder wrote that Nearchus founded the town of Arbis during his voyage to India. The ancient Greeks
Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations
Ancient_Greece–Ancient_India_relations
Nymphs in Greek mythology
Mountains in North Africa at the edge of the world-encircling ocean of Oceanus. The 1st-century AD Roman author Pliny the Elder, in the fifth book of his Natural
Hesperides
Jewish sect during the Second Temple period
Roman writer Pliny the Elder positioned them somewhere above Ein Gedi, on the west side of the Dead Sea. Pliny relates in a few lines that the Essenes possess
Essenes
Subregion of northern Europe
The earliest identified source for the name Scandinavia is Pliny the Elder's Natural History, dated to the 1st century AD. Various references to the region
Scandinavia
The Histories of Pliny the Elder is a parody of the occupation of Britain by the Romans, from series seven of the 1950s BBC radio comedy, The Goon Show
The Histories of Pliny the Elder
The_Histories_of_Pliny_the_Elder
Vegetable
PhiloLogic, also available via Perseus Project. Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iii Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iv-v Wikimedia Commons has
Armenian_cucumber
Spanish archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean
generalized from the ancient name of one of these islands, Canaria – presumably Gran Canaria. According to the historian Pliny the Elder, the island Canaria
Canary_Islands
Mythical poet/musician
When Pliny the Elder briefly sketches the origins of music, he credits Thamyris with inventing the Dorian mode and with being the first to play the cithara
Thamyris
Classification framework for scratch resistance
300 BC, followed by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia, c. AD 77. The Mohs scale is useful for identification of minerals in the field, but is not
Mohs_scale
Ancient Roman expeditions into Africa
explorer, Hanno the Navigator, being referenced by the Roman Pliny the Elder (c. 23–79) and the Greek Arrian of Nicomedia (c. 86–160). All of their expeditions
Romans_in_sub-Saharan_Africa
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