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1912–1967 paradigm shift in geology
The Plate Tectonics Revolution was the scientific and cultural change which developed from the acceptance of the plate tectonics theory. The event was
Plate_Tectonics_Revolution
Movement of Earth's lithosphere
Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere
Plate_tectonics
Geophysical model of the opening and closing of rifts
Cycle model was a key development in the theory of plate tectonics during the Plate Tectonics Revolution. The model is named after John Tuzo Wilson in recognition
Wilson_Cycle
Long narrow depression bordering the Aegean Sea to the south
the surface of the Earth has been the concern of plate tectonics since the Plate Tectonics Revolution of the 1970s. It was a development of the continental
Hellenic_Trench
Transitional concept of geologic time
the current Atlantic Ocean area. This concept, a part of the plate tectonics revolution, became known as the Wilson cycle. The Wilson cycle has had profound
Rock_cycle
Geological process at tectonic plate boundaries
are its most important tectonic feature. Subduction is the driving force behind plate tectonics, and without it, plate tectonics could not occur. Oceanic
Subduction
Type of volcanic rock
common in other tectonic settings, it is particularly characteristic of convergent plate margins. Even before the Plate Tectonics Revolution, geologists had
Andesite
Northern landmass that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent
Igneous Provinces and supercontinents: Toward completing the plate tectonic revolution". Lithos. 174: 1–14. Bibcode:2013Litho.174....1E. doi:10.1016/j
Laurasia
Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
the Earth's distinctive plate tectonics. They mark the locations of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other
Oceanic_trench
American geophysicist (1923–2008)
Brent Dalrymple. This work was a major step in the development of plate tectonics. Doell shared the Vetlesen Prize with Cox and Dalrymple. Doell was
Richard_Doell
Study of Earth's magnetic field in past
drift hypothesis and its transformation into the modern theory of plate tectonics. Apparent polar wander paths provided the first clear geophysical evidence
Paleomagnetism
and rocks : seismology in the plate tectonics revolution : the story of earthquakes and the great earth science revolution of the 1960s. Washington, D.C
History_of_geophysics
Formation of mountain ranges
movement of the planet's mantle Tectonic uplift – Geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics Waltham, Tony (2009). Foundations
Orogeny
American geophysicist (1931–2019)
2000, he was awarded the Vetlesen Prize for plate tectonic theory, theoretical geomorphology and tectonics. In 2013, he was elected fellow of the American
Walter_C._Pitman_III
Movement of Earth's continents relative to each other
Oliver provided seismologic evidence for plate tectonics with the 1968 article "Seismology and the New Global Tectonics", using data from seismologic stations
Continental_drift
Concept in plate tectonics
spreading theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. Its key impact was that it allowed the rates of plate motions at mid-ocean ridges to be computed
Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
Vine–Matthews–Morley_hypothesis
American scientist
studied earthquakes and ultimately provided seismic evidence supporting plate tectonics. In the 1960s, Oliver and his former graduate student, Bryan Isacks
Jack_Oliver_(scientist)
Long-term future of planet Earth
Earth's rotation and orbit. As part of the ongoing supercontinent cycle, plate tectonics will probably create a supercontinent in 250–350 million years. Sometime
Future_of_Earth
School at Columbia University
State of the Planet. 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2021-05-03. "The Plate Tectonics Revolution: It Was All About the Data | Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory"
Columbia_Climate_School
Mountain range in Asia
Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Tectonics, the recurring physical changes that affect the arrangement of the Earth's crust, and plate tectonics, the movement of large
Himalayas
Medal awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences
C. Pitman, III (1998) For his fundamental contribution to the plate tectonic revolution through insightful analysis of marine magnetic anomalies and for
Alexander_Agassiz_Medal
American geologist (1920–1986)
features of the sea floor that laid much of the foundation of the plate-tectonics revolution in geology. After his return to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Henry_William_Menard
Earth scientist (1959–2023)
the Tharsis rise on Mars. His proposed primitive plate tectonics differs from the modern plate tectonics on Earth, which operates over the entire planet
An_Yin
Pseudoscientific attempt to reconcile geology with the Genesis flood narrative
hypothesis of catastrophic plate tectonics as pseudoscience; they reject it in favor of the conventional geological theory of plate tectonics. It has been argued
Flood_geology
American philosopher
analysis of the continental drift controversy and subsequent discovery of plate tectonics. He was emeritus professor at the University of Missouri, Kansas City
Henry_Robert_Frankel
Bibliography of works about the physical sciences in Russian and the Soviet Union
and plate tectonics in the USSR. Tectonophysics, 199(2–4), 137–148. Khain, V. E., & Ryabukhin, A. G. (2002). Russian geology and the plate tectonics revolution
Bibliography of Russian and Soviet science (Physical sciences)
Bibliography_of_Russian_and_Soviet_science_(Physical_sciences)
Scientific study of Earth's physical composition
to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and the Earth's past climates. Geologists
Geology
Chronological listing of significant events in the history of tectonophysics
tectonophysics is closely linked to the history of the continental drift and plate tectonics hypotheses. The continental drift/ Airy-Heiskanen isostasy hypothesis
Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (before 1954)
Timeline_of_the_development_of_tectonophysics_(before_1954)
Third planet from the Sun
stages of Earth's history. New continental crust forms as a result of plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from Earth's
Earth
School of universal philosophy
This lost continent is considered incompatible with the theory of plate tectonics, the standard theory describing movement of the Earth's lithosphere
Lemurian_Fellowship
Group of Caribbean islands
Lizards of the Caribbean : Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics: Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics. Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution. Oxford
Greater_Antilles
Earth history, 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago
that tectonic plates essentially float and move around upon—was too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics at this time. Instead of vigorous plate recycling
Boring_Billion
Australian geologist
an early advocate of the theory of continental drift. His work on plate tectonics reconstructions led him to develop the Expanding Earth hypothesis.
Samuel_Warren_Carey
French politician and geochemist (1937–2025)
of plate tectonics. Historian of geology, David Leveson, cautioned that the narrative promoted a 'Whiggish' telling of the story of plate tectonics as
Claude_Allègre
American oceanographer and cartographer (1920–2006)
shift in earth science that led to the acceptance of the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift. Marie Tharp was born on July 30, 1920, in Ypsilanti
Marie_Tharp
1992 American TV series or program
major topics the series addresses, including the Earth's heat engines, plate tectonics, volcanism, earthquakes and seismology, erosion, and natural resources
Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology
Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology
Canadian geologist and professor (1908–1993)
achieved worldwide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of plate tectonics. He added the concept of hot spots, a volcanic region hotter than the
John_Tuzo_Wilson
American geologist (1932–2025)
Plate Tectonics Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., Columbus, Ohio, 188 pp. ISBN 0675087996 William Glen, 1985, Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics.
William_Glen_(geologist)
American geophysicist (1926–1987)
Doell and Brent Dalrymple, made a major contribution to the theory of plate tectonics. Allan Cox won numerous awards, including the prestigious Vetlesen
Allan_V._Cox
Popular video lectures by Robert Hazen
38 The Plate Tectonics Revolution 58 Ecosystems and the Law of Unintended Consequences 19 The Quantum World 39 Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Motions
The_Joy_of_Science
American-Australian Historian
of mass before and after a chemical transformation. The 2003 book Plate Tectonics: An Insider's History of the Modern Theory of the Earth, edited by
Homer_Eugene_Le_Grand
Chain of volcanoes parallel to the Pacific coastline from Mexico to Panama
finite element modeling on the active tectonics of northern Central America and the Middle America Trench. Tectonics, 27(1) Gazel, Esteban; Flores, Kennet
Central_America_Volcanic_Arc
Obsolete geological concept to explain orogens
developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the theory of plate tectonics was envisaged. A geosyncline was described as a giant downward fold
Geosyncline
First period of the Cenozoic Era
"Global Eocene tectonic unrest: Possible causes and effects around the North American plate". Tectonophysics. Linking Plate Tectonics and Volcanism to
Paleogene
American geophysicist (1935–2023)
American geophysicist who made seminal contributions to the theory of plate tectonics and geodynamics. He retired as the Knox Taylor Professor emeritus of
W._Jason_Morgan
Physics of the Earth and its vicinity
locate the source. The locations of earthquakes provide information on plate tectonics and mantle convection. Recording of seismic waves from controlled sources
Geophysics
Reversal of direction of Earth's magnetic field
of continental slabs carried down into the mantle by the action of plate tectonics at subduction zones or the initiation of new mantle plumes from the
Geomagnetic_reversal
German climatologist and geophysicist (1880–1930)
continental drift, and thereby a substantial basis for today's model of plate tectonics. Wegener was involved in several expeditions to Greenland to study
Alfred_Wegener
Principle that scientific change is generational
accepting cliometrics. A study of when different geologists accepted plate tectonics found that older scientists actually adopted it sooner than younger
Planck's_principle
Gondwana Research, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.01.003. Molnar, Peter (2015). Plate Tectonics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198728269
Geology_of_India
Mountain range in eastern North America
originally belonged to the sprawling Central Pangean Mountains before plate tectonics tore them apart. The geologic processes that led to the formation of
Appalachian_Mountains
Study of physical geography of past landscapes
environment Plate tectonics – Movement of Earth's lithosphere Blakey, Ron. "Paleogeography and Geologic Evolution of North America". Global Plate Tectonics and
Palaeogeography
contribution to the first Tectonic Map of South America. He was one of the first geologists to introduce and publish on Plate Tectonics in Brazil and thus caused
Louis_de_Loczy
may include "regional compression caused by motion of the Earth’s tectonic plates, and uplift resulting from the melting of the ice sheets that covered
List of earthquakes in the British Isles
List_of_earthquakes_in_the_British_Isles
Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic
between three of the world's major tectonic plates (the North American plate, the Eurasian plate and the African plate), a condition that has translated
Azores
Naturally occurring mineral aggregate
1896 allowed for the radiometric dating of rocks. Understanding of plate tectonics developed in the second half of the 20th century. Rocks are composed
Rock_(geology)
American geologist (born 1940)
began studying the Mediterranean tectonics in the light of the new theory of plate tectonics. His work on tectonic paleomagnetism in Italy led to a study
Walter_Alvarez
Science of measuring the shape, orientation, and gravity of Earth
due to a variety of mechanisms: Continental plate motion, plate tectonics The episodic motion of tectonic origin, especially close to fault lines Periodic
Geodesy
Island region in North Atlantic and Caribbean
Virgin Islands were formed by the collision of the Caribbean plate with the North American plate and consist of 12 island arc terranes. These terranes consist
West_Indies
Chronological listing of significant events in the history of tectonophysics
tectonophysics is closely linked to the history of the continental drift and plate tectonics hypotheses. The continental drift/ Airy-Heiskanen isostasy hypothesis
Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952)
Timeline_of_the_development_of_tectonophysics_(after_1952)
Major mountain range in western North America
and strike-slip faulting in the Cretaceous–Paleogene tectonics of western North America". Tectonics of the Western United States. Special Paper. Vol. 464
Rocky_Mountains
Revolution, Albert Einstein's theories, the work of Watson and Crick, and plate tectonics theory. The term has most been used by the U.S. National Science Foundation
Transformative_research
Professional geological association
AAPG supported the then-revolutionary idea of plate tectonics (vs. isostasy), and looked at plate tectonics as a key to the evolution of basins, and thus
American Association of Petroleum Geologists
American_Association_of_Petroleum_Geologists
Continent
continental mainland is The Gambia. The African plate, also known as the Nubian plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Africa
Africa
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
causes the ocean to remain liquid and drives ice movement similar to plate tectonics, absorbing chemicals from the surface into the ocean below. Sea salt
Europa_(moon)
Records of Earth's development
in the face of ever-changing physical environments. The process of plate tectonics continues to shape Earth's continents and oceans and the life they
History_of_Earth
American geomorphologist
part of the revolution in the field that began in the 1950s. She studied the geomorphology of rivers, active fault zones, plate tectonics, coastal geomorphology
Marie_Morisawa
Study of processes and patterns in the natural environment
main stimuli for the field since its founding have been evolution, plate tectonics, and the theory of island biogeography. The field can largely be divided
Physical_geography
American geologist (1906–1969)
considered one of the "founding fathers" of the unifying theory of plate tectonics. He published theories on sea floor spreading, specifically on relationships
Harry_Hammond_Hess
Understanding of Hungarian geology changed with the introduction of plate tectonics theories in the 1970s, which changed views on the formation of the
Geology_of_Hungary
has also had a role to play in many significant discoveries such as plate tectonics and the development of theories about the formation of rocks, and was
Geology_of_Scotland
Difference between ideal and observed gravitational acceleration at a location
Lowrie 2007, p. 80. Kearey, P.; Klepeis, K.A.; Vine, F.J. (2009). Global tectonics (3rd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 42. ISBN 9781405107778. Kearey
Gravity_anomaly
Mountain range of Haiti
Grenville; Lewis, John F., eds. (1991). Geologic and Tectonic Development of the North America-Caribbean Plate Boundary in Hispaniola. p. 10. ISBN 0813722624
Massif_du_Nord
Series of alternating glacial and interglacial periods
These earthquakes are unique in that they are not associated with plate tectonics. Studies have shown that the uplift has taken place in two distinct
Quaternary_glaciation
American geologist (1860 – 1938)
would be the formation of mountains due to the collision of continental plates. Taylor died from coronary thrombosis at his home in Fort Wayne on June
Frank_Bursley_Taylor
Earth's dry surface
interiors called cratons. Both form over millions of years through plate tectonics. Streams – a major part of Earth's water cycle – shape the landscape
Land
Fundamental change in ideas and practices within a scientific discipline
over the steady state theory in cosmology. 1965 – The acceptance of plate tectonics as the explanation for large-scale geologic changes. 1969 – Astronomer
Paradigm_shift
drift offered a possible explanation as to the formation of mountains; plate tectonics built on the theory of continental drift. Unfortunately, Wegener provided
History_of_geology
7.4 Mw earthquake in east-central Iran
(1982). "Afterstock tectonics of the 1978 Tabas-e-Golshan (Iran) earthquake sequence: a documented active 'thin and thick-skinned tectonic' case". Geophys
1978_Tabas_earthquake
Change in the position of an object
speed of about 30 kilometres per second (67,000 mph). The Theory of Plate tectonics tells us that the continents are drifting on convection currents within
Motion
continent of Avalonia, which by 440 Ma had drifted (by the mechanisms of plate tectonics) to about 30° south. During this period, north Wales was subject to
Geology_of_Great_Britain
One of Earth's seven main divisions of land
1950s. Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of plate tectonics, Antarctica, Australia and Greenland were sometimes described as island
Australia_(continent)
Romanian geologist and politician (1924–2019)
in the field of plate tectonics catalyses Marcian Bleahu's research activity and he becomes a pioneer in the field of global tectonics not only in Romania
Marcian_Bleahu
making one of the major contributions to the revolution in earth sciences now known as plate tectonics. 1972: Hatten S. Yoder, Jr. - For his work on
Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship
Arthur_L._Day_Prize_and_Lectureship
National park
the Sierra Maestra range, along the tectonically active zone between the North American Plate and Caribbean Plate. It conserves a series of limestone
Desembarco del Granma National Park
Desembarco_del_Granma_National_Park
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
(March 2020). "Late Devonian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Global and Planetary Change. 186 103129. Bibcode:2020GPC...18603129G
Devonian
Change in glacial cycles c. 1m years ago
MPT caused a net mass loss in the Saint Elias Mountains because the plate tectonic input of mass into this mountain range became exceeded by mass loss
Mid-Pleistocene_Transition
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to oceanography
within the ocean and across its boundaries; ecosystem dynamics; and plate tectonics and seabed geology. Oceanographers draw upon a wide range of disciplines
Outline_of_oceanography
Combined landmasses of Europe and Asia
Afro-Eurasia or simply a continent in its own right. In plate tectonics, the Eurasian Plate includes Europe and most of Asia but not the Indian subcontinent
Eurasia
1990 severe earthquake centered in northeastern Iran
collision between the Arabian plate and Eurasian plate. The Arabian plate is moving northwards relative to the Eurasian plate and the dominant style of faulting
1990_Manjil–Rudbar_earthquake
Early 16th-century German plate armour
armour is a modern term applied to the style of early 16th-century German plate armour associated with, and possibly first made for the Emperor Maximilian
Maximilian_armour
Largest island of Japan
increasing with land reclamation and coastal uplift in the north due to plate tectonics with a convergent boundary. Honshu has 10,084 kilometres (6,266 mi)
Honshu
Earthquake in Nicaragua
relative movements of two crustal plates which intersect near the southwestern border of Central America. The Cocos plate, located east of the East Pacific
1972_Nicaragua_earthquake
Third and current era of the Phanerozoic Eon
and tectonic plate subduction rate, which are indicators of the changes in the heat flux at the core mantle boundary, climate and plate tectonic activity
Cenozoic
of Central Asia became dry after the large tectonic collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This impact threw up the massive chain of
Prehistoric_Mongolia
Second planet from the Sun
escapes through active volcanism, resulting in resurfacing, instead of plate tectonics. Venus may have had liquid surface water early in its history with
Venus
1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics, which provided a plausible mechanism for it. Plate tectonics also provided a unified explanation
History_of_science
Size and shape used to model the Earth for geodesy
involved in this aberration include tides and subcrustal motion (e.g. plate tectonics). John A. O'Keefe and co-authors are credited with the discovery that
Figure_of_the_Earth
Kristján (March 1, 2008). "Iceland: a window on North-Atlantic divergent plate tectonics and geologic processes". Episodes Journal of International Geoscience
List of North American settlements by year of foundation
List_of_North_American_settlements_by_year_of_foundation
Private university in New York City, New York, US
first nuclear fission reaction in the Americas; the first evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift; and much of the initial research and planning
Columbia_University
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