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Search references for PER2. Phrases containing PER2
See searches and references containing PER2!PER2
Protein found in mammals
PER2 is a protein in mammals encoded by the PER2 gene. PER2 is noted for its major role in circadian rhythms. The per gene was first discovered using
PER2
Medical condition
production of hPER2 protein. In a wildtype individual, Per2 mRNA is transcribed and translated to form a PER2 protein. Large concentrations of PER2 protein inhibits
Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder
Protein and coding gene in humans
circadian protein homolog 3 protein in humans. PER3 is a paralog to the PER1 and PER2 genes. It is a circadian gene associated with delayed sleep phase syndrome
PER3
Part of the brain's hypothalamus
within the SCN. Knowledge of the gene expression of Clock (Clk) and Period2 (Per2), two of the many genes responsible for regulating circadian rhythm within
Suprachiasmatic_nucleus
Type of motorcycle
two-stroke but the engine was now the updated Hi-Per2 unit. The Zip SP had the water-cooled Hi-Per2 Pro engine and single sided front suspension. In the
Piaggio_Zip
Mammalian hormone released from the pituitary gland
Per2 protein accumulates and is phosphorylated by CK1E. Per2 subsequently inhibits the transcription factors Clock and BMAL1 in order to reduce Per2 protein
Vasopressin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
shown in a study by Shigeyoshi et al. 2002. In this study, mouse mPer1 and mPer2 genes were driven by Drosophila timeless promoter in Drosophila melanogaster
Period circadian protein homolog 1
Period_circadian_protein_homolog_1
Class of proteins
hormone), and genes involved in the mammalian circadian clock (PER1, PER2). CREB is closely related in structure and function to CREM (cAMP response
CREB
Gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster
(ZT22) and that mPer2 mutants are not able to delay the clock in response to an early night light pulse (ZT14). Thus, mPer1 and mPer2 are necessary for
Period_(gene)
Protein and coding gene in humans
in the liver. Phosphorylation of PER2 is believed to be regulated by a phosphoswitch mechanism. Specifically, PER2 requires an initial priming phosphorylation
Casein kinase 1 isoform epsilon
Casein_kinase_1_isoform_epsilon
American biochemist
protein's role in regulating the circadian clock. PERIOD proteins, Per1and Per2, create large, multimeric complexes with the circadian repressors CRY1 and
Carrie_L._Partch
PER2 mRNA is rhythmic, but PER2 protein level is elevated and arrhythmic. Light alters PER2 protein In DD(constant dark), both PER2 mRNA and PER2 protein
Aschoff's_Rules
Person's daily sleep preferences
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the centre for circadian rhythm control in humans. PER2 is a well-known regulator of circadian rhythms and contains a variant recently
Chronotype
Polish racing and rally driver (born 1984)
24 PER MAG MNZ 15 MIS 8 VAR Ret IMO MUG BIN EST 3 13th 27 2002 RC Motorsport VAL 1 PER1 1 PER2 6 SPA 1 MAG 6 MNZ 3 VAR Ret IMO 1 MIS Ret MUG 3 2nd 188
Robert_Kubica
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
phase syndrome is caused by a single amino acid change, S662➔G, in the human PER2 protein. To be called circadian, a biological rhythm must meet these three
Circadian_rhythm
Posterior segment of the diencephalon in the brain
cells by the cyclical activity of core clock genes and proteins such as per2/PER2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and several peptide factors, including cytokines
Epithalamus
Hormone that affects blood pressure / heart rate
phosphorylation of CREB and other transcriptional factors. The mPer1 and mPer2 promoters have CRE domains and thus provides the mechanism for VIP to regulate
Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide
appear as a duplication, of the period gene in mammals listed as mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3. There are also two paralogs of cryptochrome in mammals. PER and
Transcription translation feedback loop
Transcription_translation_feedback_loop
Some of his work includes identifying phosphorylation regions on mPER2 (mammalian PER2) and their implications for familial advanced sleep phase syndrome
Achim_Kramer
Japanese scientist (born 1952)
to determine if the mPer1 and mPer2 genes were able to generate circadian oscillations. They transplanted Per1 and Per2 genes from mice into arrhythmic
Hitoshi_Okamura
Directional statistical diagram
Texas Southwestern Medical Center, used multiple Raleigh plots to illustrate PER2::LUC expression in her 2013 paper "Methamphetamine and Dopamine Receptor
Raleigh_plot
Type of motorcycle
models (since 1998) had optional air-cooling and rear disc brakes (the Hi-Per2 engine). The mc3 saw not only further visual improvements, but also a rev
Piaggio_NRG
Human protein and coding gene
promoter regions of Per (Per1 and Per2) and Cry genes (Cry1 and Cry2). This binding upregulates the transcription of Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2 mRNAs. After
Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1
Basic_helix-loop-helix_ARNT-like_protein_1
Scooter produced by Piaggio
150 cm3, all homologated Euro 2: the 50 was available both with two-stroke Hi-PER2 air-cooled and equipped with a two-stage catalytic converter with Secondary
Piaggio_Fly
PER1 v PER2 Week 3 10–13 March 1998 ECU2 v COL1, ECU1 v COL1 MEX2 v BRA2, MEX1 v BRA2 PAR2 v CHI2, PAR1 v CHI2 BOL2 v URU2, BOL1 v URU2 ARG2 v PER2, PER1
1998 Copa Libertadores group stage
1998_Copa_Libertadores_group_stage
Type of motorcycle
Engine Two-stroke water cooled Piaggio Hi-PER2 PRO 49.4 cc (50SP) Four-stroke water cooled 124.0 cc (125), 198.0 cc (200) Transmission Belt-driven continuously
Gilera_Runner
Chronobiological model of entrainment
distinct Per2 mRNA oscillations in sections from both the rostral and caudal regions of the SCN (caudal Per2 peaks around lights on, rostral Per2 peaks around
Dual circadian oscillator model
Dual_circadian_oscillator_model
Person who usually gets up early in the morning and goes to bed early in the evening
reading and television viewing habits. For instance, there is the case of the Per2 gene on chromosome 2, which was discovered in the early 1990s by Urs Albrecht
Lark_(person)
Protein found in humans
period, the PER2 (at serine residue 394) was phosphorylated by the Cdk5, thus, the Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) could easily interact with it and the PER2-CRY1 complex
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_5
how entrainment occurs. Genes also involved with entrainment are PER1 and PER2. Some important structures directly impacted by the light–sleep relationship
Light effects on circadian rhythm
Light_effects_on_circadian_rhythm
American biologist and geneticist (born 1949)
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome (FASPS) in humans, which is linked to an hPer2 polymorphism that removes a serine normally phosphorylated by Casein kinase
Michael_W._Young
Family of sleep disorders that affect the timing of sleep
mode of inheritance. It is associated with a missense mutation in human PER2 that replaces serine for glycine at position 662 (S662G). Irregular sleep–wake
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
before the peak of Per2 mRNA expression. This is consistent with the observation that NPAS2 forms a heterodimer with BMAL1 to drive Per2 expression. EP300
NPAS2
String-searching algorithm
per1] ← maxsuf(n, false) [idx2, per2] ← maxsuf(n, true) if idx1 > idx2 return [idx1, per1] else return [idx2, per2] The comparison proceeds by first
Two-way string-matching algorithm
Two-way_string-matching_algorithm
American neurologist and chronobiologist
these effects do not appear after the deletion of the clock genes PER1 and PER2. Musiek discovered that astrocytes were more active in mice lacking BMAL1
Erik_Musiek
Heritable variations in sleep patterns
TTFL have been identified as the causes of these sleep traits, including PER2, PER3, CRY2, CRY1. Other Mendelian genes that are not known to play a core
Familial_sleep_traits
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
ISBN 978-1-4511-1341-9. Ikegami, K; Iigo, M; Yoshimura, T (2013). "Circadian clock gene Per2 is not necessary for the photoperiodic response in mice". PLOS ONE. 8 (3)
Anterior_pituitary
Protein domain
CLK to bind via their PAS domains. That activator complex regulates Per1, Per2, and Per3 which all have PAS domains that are used to bind to cryptochromes
PAS_domain
Study of rhythms in biological processes of living organisms
mice got the same amount of total sleep and their circadian expression of PER2, an element of the SCN pacemaker, was not disrupted. Through the T7 cycle
Chronobiology
DNA response element in some eukaryotes
are not limited to: CACGTT sequence 20 bp upstream of the mouse Period2 (PER2) gene and regulates its expression CAGCTT sequence found within the MyoD
E-box
American neurologist and professor
Specially, this mutation occurs in the CK1ε binding region of the PER2 protein, and causes PER2 to be hypophosphorylated in that region, allowing it to be more
Louis_Ptáček
Galindo PAR Michelle Valiente–Gabriela Filippo PER1 Mishell Serna–Alinson Vela PER2 Katia García–Michelle Mogollon URU1 Lucía Guigou–Eugenia Nieto URU2 Lia Fortunati–Victoria
2013–14 South American Beach Volleyball Circuit (Viña del Mar, Chile)
2013–14_South_American_Beach_Volleyball_Circuit_(Viña_del_Mar,_Chile)
German physician, biologist and behavioral physiologist
supports the idea that mPER2 contributes to phase delays. Additionally, it suggests that light does not act on mPer2 transcription or mPER2 translation to the
Jürgen_Aschoff
Class of photoreceptors in plants and animals
following activation of the Cry1 promoter. Whereas rhythms in Per2 promoter activation and Per2 mRNA levels have almost the same phase, Cry1 mRNA production
Cryptochrome
Transcriptional repressor protein
like Per1-3, Cry1-2, and CIART, and activate their gene expression. After Per2 and Cry1/2 proteins are made, they enter the nucleus to the TAD domain of
CIART
Protein found in humans
Thymine-DNA glycosylase, and Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16. PER2, BMAL1, CLOCK, RING finger domain GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140464
Promyelocytic leukemia protein
Promyelocytic_leukemia_protein
research group at Hokkaido University found daily rhythms of PER2 protein in nasal mucus. PER2 peaks at the beginning of the dark period of each circadian
Sato_Honma
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
mammalian circadian clock is a negative feedback loop which consists of Per1/Per2, Cry1/Cry2, Bmal1, and Clock. This feedback loop is stabilized through another
RAR-related orphan receptor alpha
RAR-related_orphan_receptor_alpha
American chronobiologist (1934–2021)
with MAP dosages. These genes included mutations and deletions to Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Bmal1, Npas2, CLOCK and CK1e. All of these mutants continued
Michael_Menaker
Japanese neuroscientist
Sakaki and Hitoshi Okamura to discover the mammalian period genes Per1, Per2, and Per3. They also discovered the mammalian homolog of the Drosophila gene
Hajime_Tei
Protein-coding gene in humans
genes. The Per2 gene showed a stronger affinity to the BMAL2-CLOCK complex, and CRY2 had a stronger affinity to BMAL1-CLOCK complex. Per2 and CRY2 both
ARNTL2
Protein-coding gene in humans
protein PER2. After site-specific phosphorylation by CK1δ, the stability of PER2 is increased and half-life of PER2 is expanded. Furthermore, PER2 stability
CSNK1D
Human protein and coding gene
et al. (July 2008). "SIRT1 regulates circadian clock gene expression through PER2 deacetylation". Cell. 134 (2): 317–328. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.050. PMID 18662546
CLOCK
Biological mechanism that controls circadian rhythm
transcription of target genes such as the core clock genes 'period' genes (PER1, PER2, and PER3) and two cryptochrome genes (CRY1 and CRY2). Negative feedback
Circadian_clock
South Korean biomedical mathematician (born 1982)
the risk of getting cancer, he studied the interactions between p53 and PER2. Kim was the first to propose and then prove multiple results in justifying
Kim_Jae_Kyoung
Taiwanese-American human geneticist
biochemical consequences of the mutation, culminating in a 2001 paper An hPer2 phosphorylation site mutation in familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome,
Ying-Hui_Fu
components include CLOCK and BMAL1 while negative arm components include PER1, PER2, CRY1, and CRY2. In the case of many mammals, light signals detected by photoreceptors
Photoentrainment
American medical investigator (born 1951)
clock genes in the Ovtm mutants, they observed a marked decrease in PER1 and PER2 protein and mRNA levels in the brain and a significant decrease in cry2 mRNA
Joseph_Takahashi
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
binds to CRY. In mice with this mutation, levels of the proteins PER1 and PER2 are decreased, while levels of CRY proteins do not differ from those of wild
FBXL3
Chronobiologist
affected by mutations in circadian genes. For example, mutations to the Per2 gene were associated with later chronotypes and varied levels of slow-wave
Anne-Marie_Chang
Gene
dehydration. AVP gene regulation is controlled by the TTFL. In this system, per2 protein is transcribed and phosphorylated by the CK1E enzyme. Accumulation
AVP_gene
Overview article
that died from a variety of causes, there was partial methylation at the PER2, PER3, CRY1, and TIM promoters which are important genes in controlling the
Epigenetics in forensic science
Epigenetics_in_forensic_science
Chronobiologist and neurobiologist
SCN in vitro, and described how E-box mediated transcriptions of Per1 and Per2 are necessary for proper melatonin signaling during the resetting of SCN
Martha_Gillette
American biochemist and academic
Cardioprotection via preserved mitochondrial structure and function in the mPer2-mutant mouse myocardium. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory
Tracy_L._Johnson
researchers generated includes Bmal1 as a driver of E-box mediated transcription, Per2 and Cry1 as early and late E-box repressors, respectively, as well as the
Repressilator
Dutch researcher of sleep and circadian rhythms
Sleep Timing and Entrained Phase of Endogenous Circadian Rhythms of BMAL1, PER2 and PER3 mRNA in Human Leukocytes". Sleep. 31 (5): 608–17. doi:10.1093/sleep/31
Derk-Jan_Dijk
Family of protein kinases
loops, CK1ε periodically binds to and phosphorylates the PER proteins (PER1, PER2, and PER3), which form heterodimers with each other and interact with CRY1
Casein_kinase_1
Gene
also interacts with the products of major clock genes CLOCK, BMAL, PER1, PER2 and PER3. Sancar and colleagues investigated whether hTIM played a similar
Timeless_(gene)
traditional circadian timekeeping mechanism. Studies have shown that Per1, Per2, and Per3 knockout mice continue to have robust FAA; these genes are not
Food-entrainable_oscillator
US chronobiologist and neurobiologist
Besharse, Joseph C. (2000-12-01). "Phase Shifting the Retinal Circadian Clock: xPer2 mRNA Induction by Light and Dopamine". The Journal of Neuroscience. 20 (23):
Charles_Weitz
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
genes. Rev-Erbβ deficiency does not change circadian expression rhythms of PER2. Rev-Erbβ plays a role in blocking the trans-activation of retinoic acid-related
Rev-ErbA_beta
American circadian biologist
anticipated during which a significant event repeatedly occurs, modulates PER2 mRNA expression only in the striatum of the brain and without affecting the
Martin_R._Ralph
Japanese chronobiologist
ultradian rhythms can be observed in the SCN, and that the expression of Per1, Per2 and Bmal1—which are central clock genes in mammals—shows ultradian fluctuations
Ken-Ichi_Honma
American chronobiologist
Miller, Stephen C.; Weaver, David R. (2022-02-01). "Methods for Detecting PER2:LUCIFERASE Bioluminescence Rhythms in Freely Moving Mice". Journal of Biological
Mary_E._Harrington
He, Y; Eide, EJ; Hinz, WA; Virshup, DM; Ptáček, LJ; Fu, Y-H (2001). "An hPer2 phosphorylation site mutation in familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome"
Science and technology in Taiwan
Science_and_technology_in_Taiwan
syndrome; 103285; TP63 Advanced sleep phase syndrome, familial; 604348; PER2 Afibrinogenemia, congenital; 202400; FGA Afibrinogenemia, congenital; 202400;
List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes
HGNC:8831; P01210 11954 PEPD HGNC:8840; P12955 11955 PER1 HGNC:8845; O15534 11956 PER2 HGNC:8846; O15055 11957 PER3 HGNC:8847; P56645 11958 PERCC1 HGNC:52293; A0A1W2PR82
List of human protein-coding genes 6
List_of_human_protein-coding_genes_6
Protein-coding gene in Drosophila melanogaster
inhibition. To investigate this discrepancy, researchers studied the half-life of PER2 in relation to wild-type CKIε, CKIεtau, and CKIε (K38A), which is a kinase-inactive
Doubletime_(gene)
Canadian genomic researcher (born 1950)
Lathrop Mark; Schumann Gunter; Albrecht Urs (January 2005). "The clock gene Per2 influences the glutamatergic system and modulates alcohol consumption" (PDF)
Mark_Lathrop
carcinoma. The circadian negative feedback regulation genes- CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2 and PER3 were identified based on a comprehensive literature review and the
Functional element SNPs database
Functional_element_SNPs_database
Transcriptional gene found in Drosophila melanogaster
does recognize the E4BP4 site. E4BP4 represses promoter activity in per1, per2, and osteoblasts, suggesting its role as a negative regulator complex of
Vrille_(gene)
Swiss chronobiologist
Reppert, Steven; Weaver, David (May 2001). "Differential Functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN Circadian Clock". Neuron. 30 (2): 525–536. doi:10
Ueli_Schibler
Disruption of the body's biological rhythms
not experiencing phase advance. Moreover, clock gene expressions (e.g. mPer2) were suppressed in mice subjected to repeated phase advance, while the daily
Chronodisruption
American neuroscientist (born 1946)
also discovered the mouse clock genes mPer2 and mPer3 and defined their functions. They found that the mPER2 and mPER3 proteins, as well as the previously
Steven_M._Reppert
Gene expressed in periodic cycles
increases in the levels of mPer3 and then by mPer2. mPer1 peaks at CT 4-6, mPer3 at CT 4 and 8 and mPer2 at CT 8. mPer1 is necessary for phase shifts induced
Oscillating_gene
PER2
PER2
PER2
PER2
Boy/Male
Tamil
Anantadrishti | அநஂததà¯à®°à®¿à®·à¯à®Ÿà®¿
Of infinite vision
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Absorbed in God; Victor
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Series of Leaves; Beauty of a Leaf
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Benediktos, PENTTI means "blessed."Â
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Of the Mountain; Daughter of Himalaya; Goddess Durga / Laxmi / Parvathi
Boy/Male
English
Strong castle.
Male
Hungarian
Pet form of Hungarian Jenõ, JENCI means "well born."
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who plays at flute
Boy/Male
Biblical
Gracious, merciful.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Giver
PER2
PER2
PER2
PER2
PER2