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Class of photoreceptors in plants and animals
Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins found in plants and animals that are sensitive to blue light
Cryptochrome
Biological ability to perceive magnetic fields
Experiments on migratory birds provide evidence that they make use of a cryptochrome protein in the eye, relying on the quantum radical pair mechanism to
Magnetoreception
Plant growth in response to magnetic stimuli
flowering time, photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, activation of cryptochrome, and shoot growth. As an adaptive behavior, magnetotropism is recognizing
Magnetotropism
Class of enzymes
initial assumptions that they were cryptochromes. Eukaryotic (6-4)DNA photolyases form a group with animal cryptochromes that control circadian rhythms.
Photolyase
Responses of organisms to the relative lengths of light and dark periods
night. Cryptochromes are another type of photoreceptor that is important in photoperiodism. Cryptochromes absorb blue light and UV-A. Cryptochromes entrain
Photoperiodism
Domesticated species of canid
Denzau S, Malkemper EP, Gross JC, Burda H, Winklhofer M, et al. (2016). "Cryptochrome 1 in Retinal Cone Photoreceptors Suggests a Novel Functional Role in
Dog
Application of quantum mechanics and chemistry to biology
Earth. In 2000, cryptochrome was proposed as the "magnetic molecule" that could harbor magnetically sensitive radical-pairs. Cryptochrome, a flavoprotein
Quantum_biology
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
Circasemidian rhythm Circaseptan, 7-day biological cycle Cryptochrome CRY1 and CRY2: the cryptochrome family genes Diurnal cycle Infradian rhythm Light effects
Circadian_rhythm
American geneticist and chronobiologist (born 1944)
clocks in 1990. In 1998, they discovered the cycle gene, clock gene, and cryptochrome photoreceptor in Drosophila through the use of forward genetics, by first
Michael_Rosbash
American neurobiologist and chronobiologist
lean mice; and defining structural components of the repressor protein Cryptochrome and how regulation of the nuclear entry of the protein contributes to
Carla_Green
Growth of a plant in response to a light stimulus
from phytochromes and cryptochromes allow the plant to respond to various kinds of light. Together phytochromes and cryptochromes inhibit gravitropism
Phototropism
New Zealand molecular biologist
biochemist and plant molecular biologist, best known for identifying cryptochrome photoreceptor proteins. These specialized proteins are critical for plant
Anthony_Cashmore
Turkish biochemist and molecular biologist (born 1946)
Sancar and his research team have discovered that two genes, Period and Cryptochrome, keep the circadian clocks of all human cells in proper rhythm, syncing
Aziz_Sancar
Light-sensitive receptor protein
strongly. Humans have, including rhodopsin, nine opsins, as well as cryptochrome (light-sensitive, but not an opsin). Rhodopsin, like other opsins, is
Rhodopsin
Subdiscipline of botany
photoreceptors: phytochrome, cryptochrome, a UV-B photoreceptor, and protochlorophyllide a. The first two of these, phytochrome and cryptochrome, are photoreceptor
Plant_physiology
Unproven proposal of influence of lunar cycle on terrestrial creatures
the presence or amount of moonlight. Corals contain light-sensitive cryptochromes, proteins that are sensitive to different levels of light. Coral species
Lunar_effect
Animals of the phylum Porifera
ostia. Many larval sponges possess neuron-less eyes that are based on cryptochromes. They mediate phototaxic behavior. Glass sponges present a distinctive
Sponge
Studies of the visible part of a canine
females in angular preferences were found. Some studies have detected cryptochrome 1 in some dogs' photoreceptors' blue-sensitive cones. Primarily, dogs
Dog_anatomy
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
hierarchical equations of motion approach, which have been applied to plant cryptochromes and bacteria light-harvesting complexes, respectively. Both quantum
Protein
Molecular photoreceptors
for example rhodopsin in animals), flavin (flavoproteins, for example cryptochrome in plants and animals) and bilin (biliproteins, for example phytochrome
Photoreceptor_protein
Iron ore mineral
in the upper beak for magnetoreception, which (in conjunction with cryptochromes in the retina) gives them the ability to sense the direction, polarity
Magnetite
Species of bird
robin's magnetic sense involves quantum entanglement of electron spins in cryptochrome in the bird's eyes. The European robin has an extensive range and a population
European_robin
Part of the brain's hypothalamus
Benjamin P.; Green, Carla B. (2013-12-06). "Phosphorylation of the cryptochrome 1 C-terminal tail regulates circadian period length". The Journal of
Suprachiasmatic_nucleus
Class of photoreceptor proteins in plants
Phototropins can be found throughout the leaves of a plant. Along with cryptochromes and phytochromes they allow plants to respond and alter their growth
Phototropin
Young plant developing out from a seed
through the light receptors phytochrome (red and far-red light) and cryptochrome (blue light). Mutations in these photo receptors and their signal transduction
Seedling
Light-mediated plant development
photosynthesis where light is used as a source of energy. Phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins are photochromic sensory receptors that restrict the
Photomorphogenesis
American biochemist
Partch's PhD research focused on signal transduction mechanisms by cryptochrome proteins. In her post-doctoral research, Partch focused on the interaction
Carrie_L._Partch
Migrations, mainly across North America
unique aspect of the monarch clock mechanism is that it involves two cryptochrome (CRY) proteins – CRY1 and CRY2 – with differing functions. CRY1 functions
Monarch_butterfly_migration
Developmental pathway followed in flowering plants in absence of visible light
to far-red light which occurs when the shoot comes out into the open. Cryptochrome 1 responds to increasing amounts of blue light when the shoot reaches
Etiolation
American neuroscientist (born 1946)
for rhythmicity. Reppert and colleagues discovered that the two mouse cryptochromes, mCRY1 and mCRY2, function as the primary transcriptional repressors
Steven_M._Reppert
Unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light
of photoreceptor pigments include: retinal (in rhodopsin) flavin (in cryptochrome) bilin (in phytochrome) In medical terminology, the term photopigment
Photopigment
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
light-dependent reactions in protein. Corals contain light-sensitive cryptochromes, proteins whose light-absorbing flavin structures are sensitive to different
Coral
German chemist
light-induced reactions in cryptochrome are consistent with its proposed role as a magnetoreceptor Chemical Magnetoreception: Bird Cryptochrome 1a Is Excited by
Christiane_Timmel
despite obvious advantages. Instead, this gene is mutated to encode for cryptochromes. TLR12P pseudogene, encodes a toll-like receptor. In mice, this gene
List of disabled human pseudogenes
List_of_disabled_human_pseudogenes
Disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere
Western scientists. Theories for the cause include the involvement of cryptochrome, melatonin, the pineal gland, and the circadian rhythm. Some scientists
Geomagnetic_storm
British-born chronobiologist
Jolla, Ca. There, Kay collaborated with Jeffrey C. Hall and discovered a cryptochrome mutant in fruit flies, also demonstrating that clock genes were distributed
Steve_A._Kay
American electronic musician (born 1992)
"The Paper Owl" (featuring Arehlai) "Awaken" (featuring NOHC) 2022 "Cryptochrome" "A Million Miles" (featuring Diandra Faye) "Another Way" (with EMME)
Au5
Electroacoustic musical instrument
Solo halldorophone album; released 28 October 2019 2020 Love Life (EP) Cryptochrome Self-released Icelandic electronic collective; halldorophone on the track
Halldorophone
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
crypt, cryptanalysis, crypteia, cryptic, cryptobiosis, cryptobiotic, cryptochrome, cryptogam, cryptogenic, cryptography, cryptology, cryptomonad, cryptophyte
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
American geneticist and chronobiologist (born 1945)
Drosophila that refined the TTFL model. The first discovery involved the role Cryptochrome (CRY) plays in entrainment. Hall found that CRY is a key photoreceptor
Jeffrey_C._Hall
Protein used by plants, bacteria and fungi to detect light
tissues and developmental stages. Other plant photoreceptors include cryptochromes and phototropins, which respond to blue and ultraviolet-A light and
Phytochrome
Hypothesis to explain traits in mammals
"Evolution of mutation rates: phylogenomic analysis of the photolyase/cryptochrome family". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (5): 1143–53. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp029
Nocturnal_bottleneck
Examples of separate lineages of organisms developing similar characteristics
different. However, they have a similar function. Blue-light-receptive cryptochrome expressed in the sponge eyes likely evolved convergently in the absence
List of examples of convergent evolution
List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution
Class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites
while high energy radiations are accepted by carotenoids, flavins, cryptochromes in addition to phytochromes. The photomorphogenic process of phytochrome-mediated
Flavonoid
Model plant species in the family Brassicaceae
important in understanding the functions of another blue light receptor, cryptochrome, which is especially important for light entrainment to control the plants'
Arabidopsis_thaliana
Cellular mechanism
Sancar A (June 2003). "Structure and function of DNA photolyase and cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors". Chemical Reviews. 103 (6): 2203–37. doi:10
DNA_repair
Type of CRISPR tool
particular domain, C1B1. When blue light is shined on the cell, the cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) domain binds to C1B1. The Cry2 domain is fused to a transcriptional
CRISPR_activation
loop (outlined in gray) in A. thaliana, light is first sensed by two cryptochromes and five phytochromes. Two transcription factors, Circadian Clock Associated
Repressilator
2016 studio album by John Tejada
0 Why" 4:34 3. "Beacht" 5:11 4. "R.U.R." 5:33 5. "Vaalbara" 5:30 6. "Cryptochrome" 5:41 7. "Rubric" 5:13 8. "Penumbra" 5:22 9. "Endorphins" 5:22 10. "Meadow"
Signs_Under_Test
Lighting to aid plant growth
spectrum through a network of photoreceptors including phytochromes, cryptochromes, phototropin, and zeiltupe. Each receptor is able to sense different
Grow_light
Protein family
enzyme which confers resistance to cinnamic acid in yeast Phototropin and cryptochrome, light-sensing proteins Hanukoglu I (2017). "Conservation of the Enzyme-Coenzyme
Flavoprotein
American life sciences company
Thorsten; Ahmad, Margaret; Martino, Carlos F. (2020-07-09). "Arabidopsis cryptochrome is responsive to Radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields". Scientific
New_England_Biolabs
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the oscillation of the circadian clock by directing the degradation of cryptochrome proteins". Science. 316 (5826): 900–4. Bibcode:2007Sci...316..900B. doi:10
FBXL3
Species of bacterium
cell. Its light-dark cycle is kept in sync with the host cell by host cryptochrome proteins. Several of its metabolic pathways are only complete with the
Atelocyanobacterium_thalassa
German zoologist, neurobiologist, and professor
form of an extraretinal eye and in the form of the blue light pigment cryptochrome. In numerous works, and in national and international collaboration with
Charlotte_Helfrich-Förster
photoreceptor protein belonging to a class of flavoproteins called cryptochromes. They are also present in bacteria and plants. In 1998, Hall and Jae
Drosophila_circadian_rhythm
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
"Circadian control of XPA and excision repair of cisplatin-DNA damage by cryptochrome and HERC2 ubiquitin ligase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
HERC2
Process by which light activates retinal cells
absorbs maximally violet light (450 nm). The opsin Rh7 entrains with cryptochrome the circadian rhythm of Drosophila to the day-night-cycle in the central
Visual_phototransduction
transcription. All of these secondary loops act to reinforce the primary TTFL. Cryptochrome in Drosophila is a blue-light photoreceptor that triggers degradation
Transcription translation feedback loop
Transcription_translation_feedback_loop
clopen set, from closed-open set contrail, from condensation and trail cryptochrome, from cryptogam and chromatic cultivar, from cultivated and variety cyborg
List_of_portmanteaus
Free-living species of nematode
absorbing light than the other two types of photopigments (opsins and cryptochromes) found in the animal kingdom. C. elegans is remarkably adept at tolerating
Caenorhabditis_elegans
expression of neighboring genes. CIB1 is a light sensitive cryptochrome, this cryptochrome is fused to the TALE protein. A second protein contains an
Epigenome_editing
frequent circadian timekeeping mechanism involves CLOCK/BMAL genes, cryptochrome/period genes, and a transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) operating
Food-entrainable_oscillator
Gene
from the PER/TIM complex. In some cell types, the photoreceptor protein cryptochrome (CRY) physically associates with TIM and helps regulate light-dependent
Timeless_(gene)
Senses for birds
right eye of a migratory bird contains photoreceptive proteins called cryptochromes. Light excites these molecules to produce unpaired electrons that interact
Bird_vision
Species of annelid worm
Florian; Wolf, Eva; Tessmar-Raible, Kristin (5 September 2022). "A Cryptochrome adopts distinct moon- and sunlight states and functions as sun- versus
Platynereis_dumerilii
Gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster
tim mRNA levels, which in turn lower the levels of PER and TIM. Now, cryptochrome (CRY) is a light sensitive protein which inhibits TIM in the presence
Period_(gene)
InterPro Domain
light harvesting chromophore that enhanced the spectrum of photolyase or cryptochrome light absorption, i.e. an antenna. It adopts the Rossmann fold. The cofactor
DNA photolyase N-terminal domain
DNA_photolyase_N-terminal_domain
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with C
crypt, cryptanalysis, crypteia, cryptic, cryptobiosis, cryptobiotic, cryptochrome, cryptogam, cryptogenic, cryptography, cryptology, cryptomonad, cryptophyte
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/C
Protein family
ZZ-type zinc finger protein, regulates phytochrome B-mediated red and cryptochrome-mediated blue light responses". Plant Cell. 17 (3): 822–35. doi:10.1105/tpc
ZZ_zinc_finger
Class of light-sensitive proteins
opsins have been replaced with other light-sensitive molecules such as cryptochrome and phytochrome in plants, and animal opsins in animals. Microbial opsins
Opsin
photosensitive proteins, yet only two types of photoreceptors, opsins and cryptochromes, have been discovered in metazoans until LITE-1. This photoreceptor
LITE-1
American animal physiologist and biochemist
April 2013). "Bacterial Bioluminescence Regulates Expression of a Host Cryptochrome Gene in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis". mBio. 4 (2). doi:10.1128/mBio.00167-13
Margaret_McFall-Ngai
American neuroscientist and geneticist
University of Pennsylvania Professor Emeritus best known for discovering the cryptochrome that serves as a blue light photoreceptor in Arabidopsis. Warrick, JM;
Nancy_Bonini
Argentine biologist
David (23 July 1999). "Light-Dependent Sequestration of TIMELESS by CRYPTOCHROME". Science. 285 (5427): 553–556. doi:10.1126/science.285.5427.553. PMID 10417378
María_Fernanda_Ceriani
Topics referred to by the same term
delta-endotoxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis CRY1 and CRY2, Cryptochrome proteins in plants and animals Cry, Yonne, a commune in France Crayford
Cry_(disambiguation)
Human protein and coding gene
found in mice, in which BMAL1 dimerizes with CLOCK to activate per and cryptochrome (cry) transcription. PER and CRY proteins form a heterodimer which acts
CLOCK
Scientific study of light's effect on living organisms
is light-mediated and controlled by 5 distinct photoreceptors: UVR8, Cryptochrome, Phototropin, Phytochrome r and Phytochrome fr. Light can control morphogenic
Photobiology
Gene in drosophila and other insects
longer. The expression of JET, along with the circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY), confers light-dependent degradation onto TIM, thereby reconstituting
JETLAG_gene
American Off-Broadway theater company
Swados (2022) I’m Gonna Marry You Tobey Maguire by Samantha Hurley (2023) cryptochrome by Evan Silver aka Tiresias (2023) "The Cell Theatre Staff". The Cell
The_Cell_Theatre
Japanese chronobiologist
published a paper that highlighted the effects of postnatal light on cryptochrome-deficient mice. The authors showed that exposure to constant light by
Ken-Ichi_Honma
American chronobiologist (born 1960)
output of circadian rhythms in Drosophila. 2001: Circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome (cry) has a light-independent role in circadian oscillations under some
Paul_Hardin_(chronobiologist)
Human protein and coding gene
Virshup DM (May 2002). "The circadian regulatory proteins BMAL1 and cryptochromes are substrates of casein kinase Iepsilon". The Journal of Biological
Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1
Basic_helix-loop-helix_ARNT-like_protein_1
Range of light at the extreme red end of the visible spectrum
energy to a plant process (photosynthesis). In plants, the photoreceptors cryptochrome and phototropin absorb radiation in the blue and UV/A regions of the
Far-red_light
Protein family
redox) using FAD and is similar to the flavin-binding PAS domains and cryptochromes. The predicted secondary structure reveals that the BLUF domain has
BLUF_domain
Topics referred to by the same term
CRY1 can mean the following: Cryptochrome-1, a protein CRY1, a taxon in Cryptista This disambiguation page lists biology articles associated with the same
CRY1_(disambiguation)
Biophysical chemist
Hore, P. J. (2012). "Magnetically sensitive light-induced reactions in cryptochrome are consistent with its proposed role as a magnetoreceptor". Proceedings
Peter_Hore_(chemist)
American scientist & professor of the horticultural sciences
gene responses and physiology in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana through cryptochrome and phototropin receptors. Since then, Folta has continued this work
Kevin_Folta
loops Per-Cry and Clock-Bmal. Transcription of the period (Per) and cryptochrome (Cry) genes cannot proceed until CLOCK and BMAL1 have dimerized and bound
Temporal_feedback
German-American computational biophysicist
extended this early work, developing a model of the possible excitation of cryptochrome proteins in photoreceptors within the retina of the eye. In 1980, Schulten
Klaus_Schulten
Protein structural motif
(ETFα): A non-enzymatic protein involved in electron transfer processes Cryptochrome/DNA photolyase family: These proteins are involved in DNA repair and
HUP_domain
Transcriptional gene found in Drosophila melanogaster
and is important for sustaining molecular oscillations. The protein Cryptochrome (CRY) has been implicated in the light entrainment pathways of the Drosophila
Vrille_(gene)
Biological mechanism that controls circadian rhythm
as the core clock genes 'period' genes (PER1, PER2, and PER3) and two cryptochrome genes (CRY1 and CRY2). Negative feedback is achieved by PER:CRY heterodimers
Circadian_clock
Chronobiological model of entrainment
Clock neurons in the fly brain entrain to external light stimuli via a cryptochrome (CRY) response pathway. In response to light exposure, CRY binds to the
Dual circadian oscillator model
Dual_circadian_oscillator_model
Plants interaction to environment
molecular biology. Many plant organs contain photoreceptors (phototropins, cryptochromes, and phytochromes), each of which reacts very specifically to certain
Plant_perception_(physiology)
Controlling biological cells with light
domains(Light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domain) from plants and yeast and cryptochrome domains from plants are other natural photosensory domains that have
Optogenetics
Protein found in humans
PER2 (at serine residue 394) was phosphorylated by the Cdk5, thus, the Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) could easily interact with it and the PER2-CRY1 complex went
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_5
Family of protein kinases
Virshup DM (May 2002). "The circadian regulatory proteins BMAL1 and cryptochromes are substrates of casein kinase Iepsilon". The Journal of Biological
Casein_kinase_1
Swiss chronobiologist
cycle of the dividing cells. Due to the central role of Period (PER) and Cryptochrome (CRY) proteins in the negative feedback loop of the circadian clock,
Ueli_Schibler
American botanist and bioethicist (1920–2008)
suggesting flavin components of plant photoreceptors, phototropin and cryptochrome Spouse Dale Judith Kuntz (m. June 27, 1941) Children William Arthur Galston
Arthur_Galston
CRYPTOCHROME
CRYPTOCHROME
CRYPTOCHROME
CRYPTOCHROME
Girl/Female
Muslim
Angel, Houri, Nymph
Girl/Female
Hindu
Small
Boy/Male
Biblical
The Lord says; the integrity of the Lord.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Generous
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English wild ‘wild’ + bor ‘boar’.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sky
Boy/Male
Hindu
Wishing, Desiring
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Blue as Indra; Sapphire
Male
Russian
(Гога) Russian Georgi, GOGA means "earth-worker, farmer."
Girl/Female
Indian
Lucky
CRYPTOCHROME
CRYPTOCHROME
CRYPTOCHROME
CRYPTOCHROME
CRYPTOCHROME