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Surname list
Parpola is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include: Asko Parpola (born 1941), Finnish Indologist and Sindhologist Simo Parpola (born
Parpola
Finnish Indologist (born 1941)
study of the Indus script. Parpola is a brother of the Akkadian language epigrapher Simo Parpola. He is married to Marjatta Parpola, who has authored a study
Asko_Parpola
Symbols of the Indus Valley Civilisation
inventory. Linguists such as Iravatham Mahadevan, Kamil Zvelebil, and Asko Parpola have argued that the script had a relation to a Dravidian language. By
Indus_script
Finnish assyriologist (born 1943)
Simo Kaarlo Antero Parpola (born 4 July 1943) is a Finnish Assyriologist specializing in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Professor emeritus of Assyriology
Simo_Parpola
Language of the Bronze Age civilization of the Indus Valley
but most scholars associate it with the Indus Valley Civilisation. Asko Parpola identifies Proto-Dravidians with the Harappan Culture and the Meluhhan
Harappan_language
Archaeological site in Uttar Pradesh, India
noted that solid wheels belong to carts, not chariots. According to Asko Parpola these finds were ox-pulled carts, indicating that these burials are related
Sinauli
Range of Indian religious traditions
describe their religion, implies antiquity, but its usage is modern." Parpola 2015, p. 3: "Some Indians object to having a foreign term for their religion
Hinduism
Mock Human sacrifice ritual followed by the Śrauta tradition of Vedic religion
suggest it was invented simply to round out sacrificial possibilities. Asko Parpola suggests actual human sacrifices are described in Vedic texts, while the
Purushamedha
Migrations of Indo-Aryans into the Indian subcontinent
and Parpola (1994), as cited in Bryant (2001:215) Bryant 2001, p. 215. Bronkhorst 2007. Samuel 2010. Parpola 1998. Parpola 2020, p. 186. Parpola 2020
Indo-Aryan_migrations
South Asian ethnolinguistic group
Linguist Asko Parpola writes that the Indus script and Harappan language are "most likely to have belonged to the Dravidian family". Parpola led a Finnish
Dravidian_peoples
Pre-modern Sanskrit term referring to outsiders, foreigners, barbarians and invaders
Parpola & Parpola (1975), pp. 208–209. Witzel (1999), p. 25. Parpola & Parpola (1975), p. 213. Witzel (1999), p. 25; Parpola & Parpola (1975) Parpola
Mleccha
Prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age
but most scholars associate it with the Indus Valley Civilisation. Asko Parpola identifies Proto-Dravidians with the Harappan Culture and the Meluhhan
Meluhha
Bronze Age culture of the Indo-Gangetic Plain
archaeological continuity of the previous Harappan Bara style, while according to Parpola, the find of carts in this culture may reflect an Indo-Iranian migration
Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_culture
Mythical beings in Indian religions
Proto-Indo-Iranian háSura, with the meaning lord. According to Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola, the word *háSura was also borrowed from the Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Asura
Sanskrit term found in ancient Indian texts
including the Avestan dahåka and dŋha, Latin dahi and Greek daai. Asko Parpola in 2015, has proposed that dasa is related to the ancient Iranian and proto-Saka
Dasa
Spiritual weapon or symbol in Dharmic religions
as one of the most powerful weapons in the universe. According to Asko Parpola, the Sanskrit vajra- (वज्र-) and its Avestan cognate vazra- are possibly
Vajra
Prehistoric period: Copper Age
University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14818-2. Miles (2016), pp. 363, 423, note 15. Parpola (2005). Shinde, Vasant; Deshpande, Shweta Sinha (2015). "Crafts and technologies
Chalcolithic
Diagram used in various mystical traditions
divine emanations, to cosmology and human spiritual development. Simo Parpola asserted that the concept of a tree of life with different spheres encompassing
Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)
Archaeological culture in northeastern Europe
especially Finnic languages and Saami languages. Carpelan, Christian; Parpola, Asko (2001). "Emergence, contacts and dispersal of Proto-Indo-European
Netted_Ware_culture
Language family
Linguist Asko Parpola writes that the Indus script and Harappan language are "most likely to have belonged to the Dravidian family". Parpola led a Finnish
Dravidian_languages
War described in the Hindu epic Mahabharata
York City: Grove Press. p. 42. ISBN 0-8021-3797-0. Parpola 2015, p. 299-300. Parpola 2020. Parpola 2020, p. 176. Gupta & Mani 2017. Dua, Rohan (22 February
Kurukshetra_War
Major deity in Hinduism
possible to "account for this posture outside the yogic account". Asko Parpola states that other archaeological finds such as the early Elamite seals
Shiva
Iconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva
sites of Indus Valley sites are yoni. According to the Indologist Asko Parpola, "it is true that Marshall's and Mackay's hypotheses of linga and yoni
Lingam
Cuneiform sign
Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, qabû, p. 136. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
Ne_(cuneiform)
Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia
Parpola, Asko (19 May 2005). "Study of the Indus Script" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2006. (50th ICES Tokyo Session) Parpola,
Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Archaeological culture of modern-day Pakistan
Dashly in Afghanistan, Tepe Hissar, and Tureng Tepe. According to Asko Parpola, the presence of black-red pottery also suggests links with Cemetery H
Gandhara_grave_culture
Cuneiform sign
of the LÚ sign (Parpola 1971) is a member of the "3-horizontals" section (listed sign nos. 326-349 in the Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola 1971). Notably the
LÚ
interment), and even cremation. Contemporary scholars (most significantly Asko Parpola) continue to probe the roles of the IVC in the formation of Hinduism; others
Religion of the Indus Valley Civilisation
Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Ethnic group native to Mesopotamia
Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2015. Parpola 2004, pp. 5–22. Hanish, Shak (22 March 2008). "The Chaldean Assyrian Syriac
Assyrians
Akkandian language glyph
27, and IG, 8 times). Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 080, p. 156. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
Ik_(cuneiform)
Tribe mentioned in the Regveda
Br̥saya. Witzel notes that the name Br̥saya is of non-Indo-Aryan origin, and Parpola proposes that the name came from the language of the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological
Bharatas_(Vedic_tribe)
Reconstructed common ancestor of the Dravidian languages
McIntosh 2008, p. 353. Southworth 2005. McIntosh 2008, p. 353–354. Parpola & Parpola 1975, p. 217–225. McIntosh 2008, p. 354. Ansumali Mukhopadhyay 2021
Proto-Dravidian_language
Reconstructed proto-language
between Uralic and Indo-European, ed. Carpelan et al., Helsinki (2001). Asko Parpola, 'The formation of the Aryan branch of Indo-European', in Blench and Spriggs
Proto-Indo-Iranian_language
Dravidian language
Publishing. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. Rao & Shulman 2002, Chapter 2. Parpola, Asko (2015), The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
Telugu_language
Cuneiform sign
(day, daily), ud-mi. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign No. 381, p. 162. Parpola, 1971. The Standard
Ud_(cuneiform)
Archaeological culture in the Pontic steppe circa 3300 BCE
Anthony 2007, pp. 301–302. Anthony 2007, p. 303. Parpola 2015, p. 49. Parpola 2015, p. 45. Parpola 2015, p. 47. Telegin, D. Y. (1973). Serednʹo-stohivsʹka
Yamnaya_culture
Major Mesopotamian civilization
Buylaere 2017, p. 314. Waters 2014, p. 97. Parpola 2004, p. 19. Hauser 2017, p. 230. Hauser 2017, p. 238. Parpola 2004, p. 20. Drower, Gray & Sherwin-White
Assyria
Religion of the Indo-Iranian peoples
London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 370. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5. Parpola, Asko (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion
Branch of the Indo-European language family
doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. Parpola 2015, p. 76. Bryant 2001, p. 206. Francfort, in (Fussman et al. 2005, p
Indo-Iranian_languages
Cuneiform sign
Yabitiri Tjaru Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, bābu, p. 122; abullu, p. 119. Parpola, 1971. The Standard
KÁ
Archaeological site in Sindh, Pakistan
ISBN 978-0-8133-3532-2. Parpola, Asko (2008). "Copper Tablets from Mohenjo-daro and the Study of the Indus Script". BAR International Series (1826): 132. Parpola, Asko
Mohenjo-daro
Historical group of Indo-European peoples
models of Indo-Iranian expansion have been proposed by Burrow (1973) and Parpola (1999). The Indo-Iranians and their expansion are strongly associated with
Indo-Iranians
Cuneiform sign
dannūtu, "strength". Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 322, p. 160. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
Dan_(cuneiform)
Flood myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh
translation of line 156: "I offered incense in front of the mountain-ziggurat." Parpola provides the original Akkadian for this sentence: "áš-kun sur-qin-nu ina
Gilgamesh_flood_myth
Finnish mythological weapon
the power to both heal and damage.[citation needed] According to Asko Parpola, the Proto-West-Uralic *vaśara, originally referred to the axe or mace
Ukonvasara
Persistent representation of language
Schmandt-Besserat (1992), pp. 55–71. Geller (1997). Schmandt-Besserat (1992). Parpola (1994). Boltz (1994). Mattessich (2002). Loprieno (1995), p. 12. Lipson
Writing
Cuneiform sign
gabbu, pp. 55-87, p. 63. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, ummu, p. 144. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
DAGAL
Cuneiform sign
determinative for Man). Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, pānu, p. 135. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
Pa_(cuneiform)
Hindu Vedic twin gods of medicine
Dictionary Project. Leiden University. s.v. áśva-. West 2007, p. 187–191. Parpola 2015a, pp. 109–110. Frame 2009. Ahmadi, Amir (2015). "Two Chthonic Features
Ashvins
Historic form of Sanskrit
Rigveda is vague at best, generally estimated to roughly 1500 BCE. Both Asko Parpola (1988) and J. P. Mallory (1998) place the locus of the division of Indo-Aryan
Vedic_Sanskrit
Ancient Western Balkanic tribes
may have the reflex in Alb. (Gheg) re͂ 'cloud' (Tosk re)< PAlb. *ren-." Parpola 2012, p. 131: "The poorly attested Illyrian was in antiquity an important
Illyrians
Historical region
sound change *s > h occurred between 850 and 600 BCE, according to Asko Parpola. Hence, the Rigvedic sapta sindhava (the land of seven rivers) became hapta
Hindustan
Branch of the Indo-European language family
along the river Oka. In regards to the same geographical location, Asko Parpola, in a 2013 article, suggested that the Baltic presence in this area, dated
Baltic_languages
Migrations out of the Proto-Indo-European homeland
S2CID 184180681 Witzel 1998. Witzel 2003. Kuzmina 2007. Parpola 2015. Narasimhan et al. 2018. Parpola 2017, p. 250 Parpola 2017, p. 249 Renfrew 1990. Mallory 2013. Anthony
Indo-European_migrations
ISBN 978-0-19-087904-4 West 2007, p. 195. West 2007, pp. 185–191. West 2007, p. 187, 189. Parpola 2015, p. 109. West 2007, p. 187–191. West 2007, p. 189. Mallory & Adams
Proto-Indo-European_mythology
Cuneiform sign
defeated LAND-(kur) Nahrima. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, mātu, p. 132. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
Kur_(cuneiform)
Early Iron Age culture of Margiana, Bactria and Sogdia
the Chust culture, no tombs from the Yaz culture have been found. Asko Parpola and Fred Hiebert argued that these cultures seemingly derived from the
Yaz_culture
Dravidian ethnic group in Pakistan
Syria can be interpreted as a distorted version of the same event. Asko Parpola states in his book Deciphering the Indus Script that the Brahvi people
Brahui_people
Old Norse term for a type of shamanistic sorcery
McKinnell 2001, pp. 394–417. Price 2002, p. 108. Hall 2004, pp. 121–122. Parpola 2004, pp. 235–73. Thor, Ewing (2008). Gods and worshippers: In the Viking
Seiðr
ŠÁR). Ia is also used in the Epic of Gilgamesh. It is listed in Parpola's Glossary (Parpola, 1971), for Akkadian language words: meaning "mine", "(to) me"
Ia_(cuneiform)
Cuneiform sign
(English, "house"). Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign no. 324, p. 160. Parpola, 1971. The Standard
É_(cuneiform)
Flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture
Parpola, Simo; Watanabe, Kazuko (1988). Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths. Helsinki University. 006. §56 (488). ISBN 978-1-57506-332-4. Parpola
Naphtha
First sacred canonical text of Hinduism
Rigvedic period between c. 1200 and 1000 BCE, in the early Kuru kingdom. Asko Parpola argues that the Rigveda was systematized around 1000 BCE, at the time of
Rigveda
Steatite seal discovered at Mohenjo-daro
of four clans represented by the animals. The Finnish Indologist, Asko Parpola has suggested that the yogic pose could be an imitation of the Proto-Elamite
Pashupati_seal
359-379, EA 365, pp. 24-27. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, ālu, p. 120. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
URU_(Sumerogram)
Major deity in Hinduism
Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021. Asko Parpola (1998). Studia Orientalia, Volume 84. Finnish Oriental Society. p. 264
Rama
Nomadic Iranic people of the Pontic Steppe
Diakonoff 1985, p. 96. Ivantchik 1999a, p. 500-501. Ivantchik 2006, p. 150. Parpola 1970, p. 178. "Asguzayu [SCYTHIAN] (EN)". Q Catalogue. Open Richly Annotated
Scythians
Name list
Paavilainen (born 1944), Finnish architect and former dean and professor Simo Parpola (born 1943), Finnish archaeologist and professor Simo Puupponen (1915-1967)
Simo_(given_name)
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
Indian subcontinent, is not supported by any reliable scholarship Review of Parpola, Asko. "The Roots of Hinduism". Inference, International Review of Science
Proto-Indo-European_language
Cuneiform sign
Archaeological and Traveling website). Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 073. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
TI_(cuneiform)
Capital City of Jordan
Topographical Researches. Peeters Publishers. p. 295. ISBN 978-90-429-1798-9. Parpola, Simo (1970). Neo-Assyrian Toponyms. Kevaeler: Butzon & Bercker. p. 76
Amman
Hindu god of victory and war
restraint that characterizes Buddhist practice in Sri Lanka.According to Asko Parpola, the Jain deity Naigamesa, who is also referred to as Hari-Naigamesin,
Kartikeya
Extinct Eastern Iranic language spoken from 100 BC to 1,100 AD
Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2013. Parpola, Asko; Koskikallio, Petteri, eds. (2001). Early contacts between Uralic
Saka_language
Cuneiform sign
this time", as the segue)). Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, mû, p. 132. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
A_(cuneiform)
Hypothetical language family consisting of Indo-European and Uralic
Uralic (see below for examples). The linguists Christian Carpelan, Asko Parpola and Petteri Koskikallio suggest that early Indo-European and Uralic stand
Indo-Uralic_hypothesis
River in Afghanistan
Sarasvati (as described in its "family books"). Scholars such as Boyce and Parpola have identified Greek Arachosia as a Hellenization of the name, meaning
Arghandab_River
Cuneiform sign
are syllabic/alphabetic. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, šību, p. 142. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian
Ab_(cuneiform)
Neolithic–Eneolithic archaeological culture of southeastern Europe
Europe and the late Trypillia culture has been described by scholar Asko Parpola as thriving and populous during the Copper Age. It has been proposed that
Cucuteni–Trypillia_culture
Cuneiform sign
ki-(291), qé-(18), qí-(62), and KI-(288). Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c
Ki_(cuneiform)
Location where the Proto-Uralic language originated
continuity theories, which would place Proto-Uralic deep into Europe. Asko Parpola associates the early Proto-Uralic language with the Neolithic Elshanka
Proto-Uralic_homeland
Bronze Age culture in northern Indian subcontinent
of the Indo-Aryan movement toward the Indian subcontinent. According to Parpola, the Cemetery H culture represents a first wave of Indo-Aryan migration
Cemetery_H_culture
Sumerian myth
personal effects of Tammuz. In the words of the esteemed researcher Simo Parpola, the myth of Descent of Ishtar into the Underworld serves as the inspiration
Descent of Inanna into the Underworld
Descent_of_Inanna_into_the_Underworld
2nd century AD Assyrian ruler
1998, p. 11. Radner 2019, p. 141. Parpola 2004, pp. 16–17, 21. Parpola 2004, pp. 18–20. Radner 2015, p. 6. Parpola 2004, p. 20. Schippmann 2012, pp. 816–817
Rʻuth-Assor
Archaeological culture in modern-day Russia
Unetice culture Catacomb culture Nordic Bronze Age Saag et al. 2021, p. 1. Parpola 2015, p. 55. Anthony 2010, pp. 380–383. Czebreszuk 2004, p. 472. Mallory
Fatyanovo–Balanovo_culture
Mohenjadaro and Harappa might correspond to these two instruments. Joshi and Parpola (1987) lists a few pots tapered at the bottom and having a hole on the
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Ancient Indo-Aryan language of South Asia, mainly Indian subcontinent
in Asia. Routledge. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-1-317-63646-5. According to Asko Parpola, the Proto-Indo-Aryan civilization was influenced by two external waves
Sanskrit
Mesopotamian writer
Retrieved 2023-06-04. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, šarru, "king", p. 141. Parpola, 1971. The Standard
Lady_of_the_Lions
Epic poem from Mesopotamia
New Haven: Yale University Press. (Translation for general readership) Parpola, Simo (1997). The Standard Babylonian, Epic of Gilgamesh. Mikko Luuko and
Epic_of_Gilgamesh
Assyrian prince
eldest surviving son, Arda-Mulissu, as crown prince. Assyriologists Simo Parpola and Theodore Kwasman have also suggested an alternative hypothesis, that
Arda-Mulissu
Ancient kingdom in the southern Levant
Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «ē´dum» Parpola, Simo (1970). Neo-Assyrian Toponyms. Kevaeler: Butzon & Bercker. pp. 364–365
Edom
Mesolithic and Early Neolithic culture
succeeded in the region by the better known Samara culture. Linguist Asko Parpola (2022) associates the Elshanka culture with the Pre-Proto-Indo-European
Elshanka_culture
Veda of melodies and chants
Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 211-213 A. Parpola. The literature and study of the Jaiminīya Sāmaveda. In retrospect and
Samaveda
Branch of the Indo-European language family
2022, pp. 189–231; Coretta et al. 2022, p. 1122; Matasović 2019, p. 5; Parpola 2012, p. 131; Beekes 2011, p. 25; Fortson 2010, p. 446; Holst 2009, pp
Albanoid_languages
Sacred sound in Indian religions
the Sanskrit particle "atha" (अथ). However, contemporary Indologist Asko Parpola proposes a borrowing from Dravidian "*ām" meaning "'it is so', 'let it
Om
Find-complexes in the western Ganges-Yamuna doab in the Indian subcontinent
period and the realm of the Kuru-Pancalas, who had expanded eastwards. Asko Parpola associates the copper hoards with a first wave of Indo-Iranian migration
Copper_Hoard_culture
View that the Indo-Aryans are indigenous to India
PMID 31488661. Parpola, Asko (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilisation. Oxford University Press. Parpola, Asko (2020).
Indigenous_Aryanism
River in Asia
ISBN 978-81-2061-823-7. D. Murphy, Where the Indus is Young, London, 1977 Parpola, Asko (15 July 2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus
Indus_River
Scholarly project based in Finland
1: Letters from Assyria and the West Simo Parpola 1987 II Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths Simo Parpola and Kazuko Watanabe 1988 III Court Poetry
Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project
Neo-Assyrian_Text_Corpus_Project
Group of Indo-European peoples
almost certainly not "Iranian" in the linguistic sense)" Burrow 1973. Parpola 1999. Beckwith 2009. Anthony 2007, p. 408. Beckwith 2009, p. 33 note 20
Iranian_peoples
Author of Atharvaveda in Hinduism
1999. (Mémoires de la Société Finno-ougrienne 242.) Chr. Carpelan, A. Parpola, P. Koskikallio (eds.). Helsinki 2001, 301-317. Boyce, Mary (2002). "Āθravan"
Atharvan
PARPOLA
PARPOLA
PARPOLA
PARPOLA
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Achiever of Perfection
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, German
Glamour
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Rock
Boy/Male
Tamil
Amuthan is derived from the word amurtham. this means the purity. it is the precious one
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Gaelic, Irish
Cheerful; Happy; Stranger
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, Christian, French, Gaelic, Irish
Pale; Pale Green
Girl/Female
Greek Latin
Messenger.
Boy/Male
African, American, Arabic, Australian, British, Christian, English, Hebrew
The Hand; Friend of God; Beloved by God; Beloved of God
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil
Lord of Vedas
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Lord Vishnu; The Great God Indra; Lord of the Sky
PARPOLA
PARPOLA
PARPOLA
PARPOLA
PARPOLA