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Industrial process
Olefin Conversion Technology, also called the Phillips Triolefin Process, is the industrial process that interconverts propylene with ethylene and 2-butenes
Olefin_conversion_technology
Chemical compound (CH3CH=CH2)
gas is a major source of propane. In the Phillips triolefin or olefin conversion technology, propylene is interconverted with ethylene and 2-butenes. Rhenium
Propylene
Organic reaction involving the breakup and reassembly of alkene double bonds
Representative processes include: The Phillips Triolefin and the Olefin conversion technology. This process interconverts propylene with ethylene and 2-butenes
Olefin_metathesis
Topics referred to by the same term
Advanced Concepts Optical coherence tomography, an imaging method Olefin conversion technology, a method in industrial chemistry Office Customisation Tool,
Oct
Conversion of natural gas to liquid petroleum products
catalyst for conversion of DME to hydrocarbons including paraffins (alkanes), aromatics, naphthenes (cycloalkanes) and small amounts of olefins (alkenes)
Gas_to_liquids
Hydrocarbon compound containing one or more C=C bonds
In organic chemistry, an alkene, or olefin, is a hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon–carbon double bonds. The double bond may be internal or at the
Alkene
Family of related polymers
where R is H or an alkyl group. The name of each polyolefin indicates the olefin from which it is prepared; for example, polyethylene is derived from ethylene
Polyolefin
Organic reaction which inserts an alkene into a C-H bond of ethylene
is amenable to isomerization to 2-butenes, which is used in olefin conversion technology to give propylene. The addition can be done highly regio- and
Hydrovinylation
Petrochemical process to break down saturated hydrocarbons in smaller molecules
strategies to achieve higher conversion rates. Olefins are useful precursors to myriad products. Steam cracking is the core technology that supports the largest
Steam_cracking
Component of a petroleum refinery
one longer chain gasoline-range molecule by mixing isobutane with a light olefin such as propylene or butylene from the refinery's fluid catalytic cracking
Alkylation_unit
Process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons
summary, the economic viability of this technology is questionable. One of the main methods of direct conversion of coal to liquids by hydrogenation process
Coal_liquefaction
Transformation of the chemical structure of a molecule or ion
CH3CH=CHCH3 The conversion essentially does not occur in the absence of metal catalysts. This process is employed in the Shell higher olefin process to convert
Isomerization
Chemical reaction where catalyst and reactants are in the same phase of matter
soluble catalysts are employed especially for stereospecific polymers. Olefin metathesis is usually catalyzed heterogeneously in industry, but homogeneous
Homogeneous_catalysis
Chemical reaction in which one entity is inserted between bonded parts of another
solid-state versions. Related technologies include the Shell Higher Olefin Process which produces detergent precursors. the olefin can be coordinated to the
Insertion_reaction
Chemical process for converting alkenes to aldehydes
weight olefins the separation of the catalyst from the produced aldehydes is difficult. The BASF-oxo process starts mostly with higher olefins and relies
Hydroformylation
Vinyl iodides rarely survive common reduction conditions, which produce an olefin or (further) an alkane, but there is literature evidence for the reduction
Vinyl_iodide_functional_group
Substance introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact
ultimately from petroleum), "synthetic oils". These include: Polyalpha-olefin (PAO) Synthetic esters Polyalkylene glycols (PAG) Phosphate esters Perfluoropolyether
Lubricant
Chemical reactions that convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons
results in incorporation of these olefins into the growing chain. Chain growth reaction thus appears to involve both 'olefin insertion' as well as 'CO-insertion'
Fischer–Tropsch_process
Chemical reaction in which two ligands of a metal complex combine
versions. Related technologies include the Shell Higher Olefin Process which produces detergent precursors. Factors affecting the rate of olefin insertions include
Migratory_insertion
Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
3 August 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2018. "Conversion of Methanol to Gasoline". National Energy Technology Laboratory. Archived from the original on 17
Coal
Process for extracting oil from oil shale
and technology demonstration. CRC Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-56670-464-9. Retrieved 2009-09-26. "Global Resource Reports Progress on Oil Shale Conversion Process"
Shale_oil_extraction
American chemist (born 1971)
California Institute of Technology with Robert H. Grubbs, where he worked on ruthenium-catalyzed cross-metathesis variants of the olefin metathesis reaction
F._Dean_Toste
Chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element
+ CH2=CHR Often the released olefin is trans. Since trans olefins are less susceptible to hydrogenation than cis-olefins, they tend to accumulate. Similarly
Hydrogenation
Chemical compound
vinyl-addition polymerization, and is a popular monomer for use in cyclic olefin copolymers. Polynorbornene is used mainly in the rubber industry for antivibration
Norbornene
Catalyst for synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes
Natta, is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes (alpha-olefins). Two broad classes of Ziegler–Natta catalysts are employed, distinguished
Ziegler–Natta_catalyst
Process breaking down complex organic molecules into simpler ones
principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes (or commonly olefins), including ethene (or ethylene) and propene (or propylene). Steam cracker
Cracking_(chemistry)
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
several technologies related to gas to liquids. These include methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MtH), methanol to gasoline (MtG), methanol to olefins (MtO), and
Methanol
One-carbon molecule chemical processes
compounds (esters, amines, halides). A larger-scale application is methanol to olefins, which produces ethylene and propylene. In contrast to carbon monoxide
C1_chemistry
Chemical compound
includes a PACOL (paraffin conversion to olefins) stage where n-paraffins are converted to mono-olefins (typically internal mono-olefins), a DEFINE unit whose
Linear_alkylbenzene
Organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon
produced, for example in the Shell higher olefin process, where α-olefins are extended to make longer α-olefins by adding ethylene repeatedly. Some hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon
Addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to C=C, C=N, C=O, or C≡C bonds
under the Influence of Base. A Convenient Procedure for the Conversion of Terminal Olefins into Primary Iodides via Hydroboration-Iodination". Journal
Hydroboration
Transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another
contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock
Alkylation
Petroleum conversion process
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon
Fluid_catalytic_cracking
Thermochemical process converting gases to fuels
catalyst for conversion of DME to hydrocarbons including paraffins (alkanes), aromatics, naphthenes (cycloalkanes) and small amounts of olefins (alkenes)
Syngas_to_gasoline_plus
Most common thermoplastic polymer
have proven to be very flexible at copolymerizing ethylene with other olefins and have become the basis for the wide range of polyethylene resins available
Polyethylene
American chemist (born 1928)
affords the cis product, while the Horner-Wadsworth Emmons produces the trans olefin. The published synthesis reveals a 1:1 diastereomeric mixture of the carbonyl
Elias_James_Corey
Privately owned multinational chemicals company
between 1998 and 2008. The two most notable of these were Innovene, the olefins and derivatives and refining subsidiary of BP, in October 2005 for $9 billion
Ineos
Chemical process in which olefins are degraded with ethylene
organic chemistry, ethenolysis is a chemical process in which internal olefins are degraded using ethylene (H2C=CH2) as the reagent. The reaction is an
Ethenolysis
American chemicals company
vertical integration from the acetyl, olefins, and alkylamine streams and proprietary manufacturing technology for specialty fluids to manufacture diversified
Eastman_Chemical_Company
Fuel for heating, cooking and vehicles
also a promising feedstock in the chemical industry for the synthesis of olefins such as ethylene and propylene. As its boiling point is below room temperature
Liquefied_petroleum_gas
Chain-growth polymerization without the ability to terminate
tungsten carbene complex. Generally, ROMP reactions involve the conversion of a cyclic olefin with significant ring-strain (>5 kcal/mol), such as cyclobutene
Living_polymerization
Liquid fuel derived from petroleum
alkylation unit, using isobutane and C3-/C4-olefins as feedstocks. Finished alkylate contains no aromatics or olefins and has a high MON (Motor Octane Number)
Gasoline
Various fibre-based materials
make activewear, bras, and swimsuits. Olefin fibre is a fibre used in activewear, linings, and warm clothing. Olefins are hydrophobic, allowing them to dry
Textile
American chemist
and 1-hexene and an optimized catalyst. The result was production of high olefin concentration using propylene as the substrate. Most of her research on
Karen_Goldberg
Belgian chemical engineer
particles. Another major area of Froment's research is thermal cracking for olefin production, starting in 1959 with the derivation of accurate kinetic data
Gilbert_Froment
Solar-cell architecture
allowing various companies to develop SHJ technology for commercialisation. In 2014, HIT cells with conversion efficiencies exceeding 25% were developed
Heterojunction_solar_cell
Russian-American chemist (1902–1996)
source of olefin cations. The production of isobutane was a necessary step in the production of high-octane gasoline. The catalytic conversion of paraffins
Herman_Pines
Facility that processes crude oil
block polymers based on the molecular weight and the characteristics of the olefin specie that is cracked from the source feedstock. Oil refineries are large-scale
Oil_refinery
Thermoplastic polymer
ISSN 0937-3462. PMID 16228121. S2CID 2648056. "Polypropylene - Polyethylene - Olefin - Fiber - Polypropylene Staple Fiber, Polypropylene Filament Fiber, Polypropylene
Polypropylene
Class of chemical substance
saturation, the palladium centers in this MOF catalyze alcohol oxidation, olefin hydrogenation, and Suzuki C–C coupling. At a minimum, these reactions necessarily
Metal–organic_framework
Area of study in chemistry
of trialkylaluminium compounds and applied these compounds to catalytic olefin polymerization. This line of research ultimately resulted in Ziegler's Nobel
Organoaluminium_chemistry
American organic chemist
3-trienes. In 2024, they developed practical synthetic chemistry of anti-Bredt olefins, addressing the 100-year old textbook rule known as Bredt's Rule. They
Neil_Garg
Fuel used to power aircraft
"Highly efficient conversion of plant oil to bio-aviation fuel and valuable chemicals by combination of enzymatic transesterification, olefin cross-metathesis
Aviation_fuel
Venezuelan-born chemical engineer
Electrochemical Olefin Separations. In 2019, Modestino was awarded National Science Foundation Career Award. In 2020, Modestino was included in MIT Technology Review
Miguel_Modestino
Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)
coal can serve as a prelude to the above shift reaction: C + H2O → CO + H2 Olefin production units may produce substantial quantities of byproduct hydrogen
Hydrogen
carbonaceous feedstock and solid carbonaceous feedstock, respectively, in their conversion to syngas in the chemical looping scheme. The typical gaseous carbonaceous
Chemical looping reforming and gasification
Chemical_looping_reforming_and_gasification
Thin, film-like structure separating two fluids, acting as a selective barrier
and reverse osmosis, but also adsorption selective separations such as olefins from paraffins and alcohols from water that traditionally have required
Membrane
American chemist
Angelo S. (1955). "Peroxytrifluoroacetic Acid. IV. The Epoxidation of Olefins". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1): 89–92. doi:10.1021/ja01606a029. Emmons, William
William_D._Emmons
Polymerization mechanism
enantiomers. The oligomerization reaction produces an optically active branched olefin using an optically active catalyst. Living polymerization was first described
Chain-growth_polymerization
Chemical compound
1021/op900306z. Weiss, E.; Stark, K.; Lancaster, J. E.; Murdoch, H. D. (1963). "π-Olefin-eisentetracarbonyl-Komplexe mit Liganden der Malein-, Fumar-, Acryl-, Methacryl-
Maleic_anhydride
Inorganic compound of Iron
Gomez-Lopez JL, Vonesh HL, Quach PK, Lambert TH, Schindler CS (2021). "Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis". Chemical Reviews. 121 (15): 9359–9406. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev
Iron(III)_chloride
Method for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from hydrocarbon fuels
sulfur-containing commercial hydrocarbon fuels make coking especially favorable. Olefins, typically ethylene, and aromatics are well-known carbon-precursors, hence
Steam_reforming
Class of chemical compounds
C8H17CH2CH2CHO C8H17CH2CH2CHO + H2 → C8H17CH2CH2CH2OH In the Shell higher olefin process, the chain-length distribution in the initial mixture of alkene
Fatty_alcohol
Gaseous fossil fuel
natural gas (LNG) or conversion of natural gas into other liquid products via gas to liquids (GTL) technologies. GTL technologies can convert natural gas
Natural_gas
Fuel derived from biological sources
rating enhancers. "Bioethers are produced by the reaction of reactive iso-olefins, such as iso-butylene, with bioethanol."[attribution needed] Bioethers
Biofuel
Multiphase chemical reactor
a limitation for bubble columns: excessive back-mixing can limit the conversion efficiency. The reactor may be equipped with internals, baffles, or sieve
Bubble_column_reactor
1972 - The Heck reaction is a coupling reaction of a halogenide with an olefin. Pd(0) intermediates are implicated. 1973 - The Trost asymmetric allylic
Organopalladium_chemistry
German chemist (1934–2018)
the key figures in the development of the SHOP – process (Shell higher olefin process). SHOP-olefines have a broad range of applications in industrial
Wilhelm_Keim
Arm of pharmaceutical chemistry
rhodium-catalyst is used for the enantioselective reduction of a tetrasubstituted olefin. After extensive optimization, it was found that in order to reduce the
Process_chemistry
Polymer material
chemistries have also been investigated, including transesterification, olefin metathesis, and alkoxyamine chemistry. For polyimine CANs, it has been shown
Covalent_adaptable_network
Fringe theory about the origin of petroleum
kerogen hydrogenation which is compatible with the conventional explanation. Olefins, the unsaturated hydrocarbons, would have been expected to predominate
Abiogenic_petroleum_origin
States "for discovery catalysts for olefin metathesis in organic synthesis." California Institute of Technology Ad Bax (born 1956) Netherlands "for
List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Chemistry
List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Chemistry
Chemical reaction
to the catalytic hydrogenation of unfunctionalized olefins and vinyl ether alcohols with conversions and ee's in the high 80s or 90s. The same system has
Asymmetric_hydrogenation
Device put on or in the ears that plays sound
approved that show by using different materials, i.e. a "Fluorinated cyclic olefin electret film", Frequency response chart readings can reach 50 kHz at 100
Headphones
Alternating Copolymerization of Olefins with Carbon Monoxide," A. Sen, Acc. Chem. Res., 1993, 26, 303-310. "Direct Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Acetic Acid
Ayusman_Sen
Glass having minuscule pores
they are often appropriate as a carrier for catalysts. For example, the olefin – metathesis was realized on the system metal – metal oxide/porous glass
Porous_glass
Chemical element with atomic number 21 (Sc)
1055/s-1999-5997. Shapiro, Pamela J.; et al. (1994). "Model Ziegler-Natta α-Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Derived from [{(η5-C5Me4)SiMe2(η1-NCMe3)}(PMe3)Sc(μ2-H)]2
Scandium
products — Determination of bromine number of distillates and aliphatic olefins — Electrometric method ISO 3840:1976 Petroleum distillates — Determination
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
American chemistry award
polyalkylene sulfides, the preparation and structure of sulfur dioxide-olefin polymers, the variation of the properties of butadiene-styrene copolymers
Willard_Gibbs_Award
Russian petrochemicals company
products on the Russian and international markets in two business segments: Olefins & Polyolefins (polypropylene, polyethylene, BOPP films, etc.), Plastics
Sibur
Economic theory
(MTG) process, it can be transformed into gasoline. Using the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process, methanol can also be converted to ethylene and propylene
Methanol_economy
Chemical reaction
methylcyclopentane to benzene: As of alkanes, they first dehydrogenate to olefins, then form rings at the place of the double bond, becoming cycloalkanes
Aromatization
Chemical element with atomic number 75 (Re)
Worldwide, 30% of catalysts used for this process contain rhenium. The olefin metathesis is the other reaction for which rhenium is used as catalyst.
Rhenium
Organic compound (H3C–CH3)
yields a product mixture poorer in ethylene and richer in heavier alkenes (olefins), such as propene (propylene) and butadiene, and in aromatic hydrocarbons
Ethane
Organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen
shale to shale oil (synthetic crude oil) and oil shale gas. Most conversion technologies involve heating shale in the absence of oxygen to a temperature
Oil_shale
Puerto Rican chemical engineer
Chemical Company as a senior engineer in the feed stocks, olefins, chemicals, and alternative technologies research and development group in Freeport, Texas.
Yomaira_Pagán_Torres
Chemical compound
ethylene when cracked, but heavier feeds favor the formation of heavier olefins, butadiene, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Butadiene is typically isolated
Butadiene
Plastics derived from renewable biomass sources
materials. The recent development of olefin metathesis has opened a wide variety of feedstocks to economical conversion into biomonomers and polymers. With
Bioplastic
Reaction in organic chemistry
weak base (soft enolization). The resulting enolate attacks the activated olefin with 1,4-regioselectivity, forming a carbon–carbon bond. This also transfers
Michael_addition_reaction
agent (conversion of R2C=O to R2C=CH2). Tebbe's reagent adds simple alkenes to give titanocyclobutanes, which can be regarded as stable olefin metathesis
Organotitanium_chemistry
French chemist
electron-reservoir complexes and dendritic molecular batteries, catalytic processes (olefin metathesis, C-C coupling, catalysis in water) using nanoreactors and molecular
Didier_Astruc
Chemical compound
Herrmann, Wolfgang A. (1998). "A Novel Class of Ruthenium Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 37 (18): 2490–2493
1,7-Octadiene
Chinese coal company
and liquefied petroleum gas. Shenhua owned and operated three coal to olefins projects. The production capacity of these facilities was about 1.6 million
Shenhua_Group
Cyclic compound (C2H4O)
The technology of basic organic synthesis. Khimiya. pp. 554–559. Eley, D.D.; Pines, H.; Weisz, P.B., eds. (1967). "Catalitic Oxidation of Olefins". Advances
Ethylene_oxide
Organic compounds of the form RC(=O)NR′R″
Yang, Yun-Fang; Liu, Peng; Houk, K. N.; Garg, Neil K. (August 2015). "Conversion of amides to esters by the nickel-catalysed activation of amide C–N bonds"
Amide
Chemical element with atomic number 24 (Cr)
ISSN 0273-2300. PMID 9380835. Weckhuysen, Bert M; Schoonheydt, Robert A (1999). "Olefin polymerization over supported chromium oxide catalysts" (PDF). Catalysis
Chromium
Hydrocarbon compound (C6H6)
aliphatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the feedstock used to produce the olefins, steam cracking can produce a benzene-rich liquid by-product called pyrolysis
Benzene
Hungarian American chemist (1953–2022)
Catalyst Separation Without Water: Fluorous Biphase Hydroformylation of Olefins". Science. 266 (5182): 72–75. Bibcode:1994Sci...266...72H. doi:10.1126/science
István_T._Horváth
Method of separating enantiomers in a racemic mixture by reaction rate
enantioselectivity, allowing for overall yields up to approximately 90%, based on the olefin. Ultimately, the Jacobsen epoxide opening kinetic resolutions produce high
Kinetic_resolution
Antiandrogen medication
imidate. Oxidation of the C1C2 position with DDQ then introduces the enone olefin group, completing the synthesis of finasteride (7). In 1942, James Hamilton
Finasteride
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
Girl/Female
Hindu
Like olive
Biblical
conversion; captivity
Biblical
captivity; conversion; old age
Biblical
the God of conversion
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Irish Gaelic Caémgen, CEFIN means "little comely one."
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Mountain.
Boy/Male
Biblical
The God of conversion.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Speech, Conversation
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Evening conversation
Girl/Female
Biblical
Conversion, captivity.
Biblical
praise; confession
Girl/Female
German, Greek, Polish
Defender of Mankind
Boy/Male
Indian
Speech, Conversation
Male
Welsh
Welsh name derived from the word haf, HEFIN means "summer."Â
Boy/Male
Biblical
Respiration, conversion, taking captive.
Male
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh Owain, OWEIN means "born of yew."
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Leofwine, LEWIN means "dear friend."
Girl/Female
Biblical
Captivity, conversion, old age.
Girl/Female
Polish
Defends mankind.
Female
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh Olwen, OLWIN means "footprint/track of the holy one."
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Hebrew, Irish, Jamaican
The Lord is Gracious; God is Gracious; Similar to Shaun from John
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Incomparable
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Beauchamp.
Girl/Female
Indian
Beauty, Gracefulness, Cultured, A pretty face, Beautiful
Boy/Male
Italian French
Present.
Female
Danish
, compassion, grace; prayers.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
With a Speckled Arm
Boy/Male
Tamil
A bird
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
OLEFIN CONVERSION-TECHNOLOGY
n.
Olefiant gas, or ethylene; hence, by extension, any one of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is a type. See Ethylene.
n.
See Olein.
n.
An admission by a party to whom an act is imputed, in relation to such act. A judicial confession settles the issue to which it applies; an extrajudical confession may be explained or rebutted.
n.
A change of front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank.
n.
A second conversion.
n.
A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith.
a.
Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing; as, a conversational style.
n.
A change of character or use, as of smoothbore guns into rifles.
n.
A change or reduction of the form or value of a proposition; as, the conversion of equations; the conversion of proportions.
v. i.
An agreement or contract less formal than, or preliminary to, a treaty; an informal compact, as between commanders of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or between states; also, a formal agreement between governments or sovereign powers; as, a postal convention between two governments.
a.
Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, oil; as, oleic acid, an acid of the acrylic acid series found combined with glyceryl in the form of olein in certain animal and vegetable fats and oils, such as sperm oil, olive oil, etc. At low temperatures the acid is crystalline, but melts to an oily liquid above 14/ C.
n.
A fat, liquid at ordinary temperatures, but solidifying at temperatures below 0¡ C., found abundantly in both the animal and vegetable kingdoms (see Palmitin). It dissolves solid fats, especially at 30-40¡ C. Chemically, olein is a glyceride of oleic acid; and, as three molecules of the acid are united to one molecule of glyceryl to form the fat, it is technically known as triolein. It is also called elain.
n.
An appropriation of, and dealing with the property of another as if it were one's own, without right; as, the conversion of a horse.
n.
The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or the contrary.
n.
Same as Olein.
n.
A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission; a boon; a grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or right to do something; as, a concession to build a canal.
n.
The act of changing one's views or course, as in passing from one side, party, or from of religion to another; also, the state of being so changed.
n.
Sexual intercourse; as, criminal conversation.
n.
A spiritual and moral change attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart; a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a transformation of the outward life.
n.
The act of immediate inference, by which we deny the opposite of anything which has been affirmed; as, all men are mortal; then, by obversion, no men are immortal. This is also described as "immediate inference by privative conception."