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Romance language of Western Europe
Occitan (English: /ˈɒksɪtən, -tæn, -tɑːn/; Occitan pronunciation: [utsiˈta, uksiˈta]), also known by its native speakers as lenga d'òc (Occitan: [ˈleŋɡɒ
Occitan_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Occitan may refer to: Something of, from, or related to the Occitania territory in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. Something of, from, or related
Occitan
Region of Italy
The Occitan Valleys are the part of Occitania (the territory of the Occitan language) within the borders of Italy. It is a mountainous region in the southern
Occitan_Valleys
Romance-speaking Mediterranean ethnic group
Infobox ethnic group is being considered for merging. › The Occitans (Occitan: occitans) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical
Occitans
Alphabet of the Occitan language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The Occitan alphabet consists of the following 23 Latin letters: The letters K, W and
Occitan_alphabet
Language of the Occitano-Romance group
centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term
Old_Occitan
Political movement for self-determination in Occitania
Occitan nationalism is a social and political movement in Occitania. Nationalists seek self-determination, greater autonomy or the creation of a sovereign
Occitan_nationalism
Historical region in southern Europe
Occitania is the historical region in southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it persists today as a local dialect
Occitania
Occitan-language edition of Wikipedia
The Occitan Wikipedia (Occitan: wikipèdia en occitan) is the Occitan language version of Wikipedia. The Occitan Wikipedia has 90,757 articles as of 14
Occitan_Wikipedia
Heraldic cross and motif
The Occitan cross (Occitan: crotz occitana [ˈkɾuts utsiˈtanɔ] ), also called cross of Occitania (crotz d'Occitània), cross of Languedoc (crotz de Lengadòc)
Occitan_cross
Culinary tradition
Occitan cuisine is the traditional cuisine and gastronomy of Occitania, the supranational region of southern Europe where Occitan is traditionally spoken
Occitan_cuisine
Occitan literature (referred to in older texts as Provençal literature) is a body of texts written in Occitan, mostly in the south of France. It was the
Occitan_literature
Aspect of Occitan grammar
the conjugation of verbs in a number of varieties of the Occitan language, including Old Occitan and Catalan. Each verbal form is accompanied by its phonetic
Occitan_conjugation
Sound system of the Occitan language
transcription delimiters. This article describes the phonology of the Occitan language. Below is a consonant chart that covers multiple dialects. Where
Occitan_phonology
Political party in France
The Occitan Party (Occitan: Partit Occitan, [paɾˈtit utsiˈta], abbreviated to POC) is a left-wing regionalist political party in France. Its aims include
Occitan_Party
Branch of the Romance language group
Occitano-Romance (Catalan: llengües occitanoromàniques; Occitan: leng(u)as occitanoromanicas; Aragonese: luengas occitanoromanicas) is a branch of the
Occitano-Romance_languages
territory, or notable people from other regions of France or Europe with Occitan roots, or notable people from other regions of France or Europe who have
List_of_Occitans
Traditional Occitan genre of music
The traditional Occitan music in the Occitan Valleys of Italy, along with the language and religion are a fundamental element of aggregation for the local
Occitan_folk_music
Community currency in Pézenas, France
Occitan is a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program
Occitan_(local_currency)
Major river in Switzerland and France
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west
Rhône
language; and various other Gallo-Romance languages (Langues d'oïl 1.25%, Occitan 1.33%). Some of these languages are also spoken in neighbouring countries
Languages_of_France
1975 book by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
Montaillou ([mɔ̃.ta.ju]; French: Montaillou, village occitan de 1294 à 1324, lit. 'Montaillou, an Occitan Village from 1294 to 1324') is a book by the French
Montaillou_(book)
Political party in Spain
Occitan Republican Left (Occitan: Esquèrra Republicana Occitana) is an Occitanist political party in Val d'Aran comarca of Catalonia, Spain. Founded in
Occitan_Republican_Left
Dialect of Occitan
/ˌproʊ-, -vən-/, French: [pʁɔvɑ̃sal] ; Occitan: provençau or prouvençau [pʀuvenˈsaw]) is a variety of Occitan, spoken by people in Provence and parts
Provençal_dialect
Occitan dialect
(French: Languedocien [lɑ̃ɡdɔsjɛ̃] ) or Lengadocian (Occitan pronunciation: [ˌleŋɡɔðuˈsja]) is an Occitan dialect spoken in rural parts of southern France
Languedocian_dialect
Occitano-Romance variety spoken in France and Spain
region of Gascony, France. It is often considered a variety of larger Occitan macrolanguage, although other authors consider it a separate language due
Gascon_dialect
Whistled speech variation of Occitan, practiced in the Aas village, France
whistled language of Aas (in French: langage sifflé d'Aas, occitan sifflé d'Aas; in Occitan: siular d'Aas) is a whistled language used in the Pyrennees
Whistled_language_of_Aas
Commune in Occitania, France
Appelle (French pronunciation: [apɛl]; Occitan: Apèla) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France. Communes of the Tarn department "Répertoire
Appelle
Composer and performer of lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages
/ˈtruːbədɔːr, -dʊər/, French: [tʁubaduʁ] ; Occitan: trobador [tɾuβaˈðu] ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages
Troubadour
11th-century Marian hymn in Old Occitan
("O Mary, mother of God") is an Old Occitan song, a hymn to the Virgin Mary, rare in being one of very few Occitan songs from the Saint Martial school
O_Maria,_Deu_maire
Romance language
Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries. During the 11th and 12th centuries
Catalan_language
Vida: short biography Occitan literary form
Vida (Old Occitan: [ˈvida]) is the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Old Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz. The word vida means
Vida_(Occitan_literary_form)
Occitan dialect
pronunciation: [maʁʃwa]) or Marchese (marchés in Occitan) is a transitional Occitan dialect between the Occitan language and the Oïl languages spoken in the
Marchois_(dialect)
Extinct Occitan dialect
Judeo-Provençal, or Judeo-Occitan, is a dialect of Occitan historically spoken by Jews in the South of France. In the Middle Ages, it was spoken by the
Judeo-Provençal
Political party of Occitania
The Partit Nacionalista Occitan, more simply, "PNO" (in English: Occitan Nationalist Party) is a political party of Occitania, founded in 1959 by François
Partit_de_la_Nacion_Occitana
Type of stanza in lyric poetry
In Old Occitan literature, a tornada (Occitan: [tuɾˈnaðɔ, tuʀˈnadɔ], Catalan: [tuɾˈnaðə, toɾˈnaða]; "turned, twisted") refers to a final, shorter stanza
Tornada (Occitan literary term)
Tornada_(Occitan_literary_term)
The Institut d'Estudis Occitans (English: Occitan Studies Institute or Institute for Occitan Studies; Occitan pronunciation: [istiˈtyd desˈtyðiz utsiˈtas])
Institut_d'Estudis_Occitans
Digraph of the Latin alphabet
written ש. In Occitan, sh represents [ʃ]. It mostly occurs in the Gascon dialect of Occitan and corresponds with s or ss in other Occitan dialects: peish
Sh_(digraph)
Direct descendants of Vulgar Latin
(extinct since the late 13th century); Occitano-Romance: Catalan/Valencian, Occitan Gallo-Romance: Oïl languages (including French), Franco-Provençal (Arpitan);
Romance_languages
Administrative region of France
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region
Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania_(administrative_region)
Variety of the Occitan language
Gardiol (Occitan: Gardiòlcode: oci promoted to code: oc ) is the variety of Occitan still spoken today in Guardia Piemontese, Calabria. UNESCO classifies
Gardiol_language
Branch of the Romance languages
However, other definitions are far broader and variously encompass the Occitan or Occitano-Romance, Gallo-Italic or Rhaeto-Romance languages. Old Gallo-Romance
Gallo-Romance_languages
Variety of the Occitan language
Vivaro-Alpine (Occitan: vivaroalpenc, vivaroaupenc; French: vivaro-alpin, pronounced [vivaʁo alpɛ̃]) is a variety of Occitan spoken in southeastern France
Vivaro-Alpine_dialect
Testament (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1887) The Acre Bible was translated into Occitan in Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS fr. 2426 Lou Libre de Toubìo
Bible translations into the languages of France
Bible_translations_into_the_languages_of_France
Latin letter A with grave accent
It is found in the Catalan, Emilian-Romagnol, French, Italian, Maltese, Occitan, Portuguese, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, and Welsh languages
À
Region in southwest-central France
Limousin (French pronunciation: [limuzɛ̃] ; Occitan: Lemosin [lemuˈzi]) is a former administrative region of southwest-central France. Named after the
Limousin
Anthem of Occitania
"Se Canta" (Occitan pronunciation: [se ˈkantɔ]; lit. 'If It Sings'), also known as "Se Chanta" or "Aqueras Montanhas", is an anthem associated with Occitania
Se_Canta
Pronunciation history of the Western Romance language
influence over Occitan in the last several hundred years), most of the differences between Catalan and Occitan are due to developments in Occitan that did not
Phonological history of Catalan
Phonological_history_of_Catalan
West Mediterranean sauce of garlic and oil
comes from the French aïoli, which is an adaptation of an Occitan term. The spelling in Occitan may be alhòli, following the classical norm, or aiòli, following
Aioli
Occitan dialect of central and southern France
(/ˌoʊvɛrnˈjɑː/; French pronunciation: [ovɛʁɲa] ) or Occitan auvergnat (endonym: auvernhat ) is a northern dialect of Occitan spoken in central and southern France,
Auvergnat
Gallo-Italic language spoken in Italy
western group of Romance languages, which also includes French, Arpitan, Occitan, and Catalan. It is spoken in the core of Piedmont, in northwestern Liguria
Piedmontese_language
Occitan dialect near the French-Spanish border
Aranese (Occitan: aranés) is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in northwestern Catalonia
Aranese_dialect
Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Mazan (French pronunciation: [mazɑ̃]; Occitan: Masan) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern
Mazan
Occitan dialect of Limousin, France
Limousin (French name, pronounced [limuzɛ̃] ; Occitan: lemosin, pronounced [lemuˈzi]) is a dialect of the Occitan language, spoken in the three departments
Limousin_dialect
French Roman Catholic saint (1844–1879)
Bernadette Soubirous, SCN (/ˌbɜːrnəˈdɛt ˌsuːbiˈruː/; French: [bɛʁnadɛt subiʁu]; Occitan: Bernadeta Sobirós [beɾnaˈðetɔ suβiˈɾus]; 7 January 1844 – 16 April 1879)
Bernadette_Soubirous
Department of France in Occitanie
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the river Lot, it lies in the southwestern
Lot_(department)
Viennoiserie
(French: [pɛ̃ o ʃɔkɔla] ; Occitan: pan amb xocolata, lit. 'chocolate bread'), also known as chocolatine (French: [ʃɔkɔlatin] ; Occitan: chocolatina) in the
Pain_au_chocolat
Type of food preservation
Confit (/kɒnfi/, French pronunciation: [kɔ̃fi]; Occitan: Confisat) (from the French word confire, literally "to preserve") is any type of food that is
Confit
Former region in France
French: [akitɛn] ; Occitan: Aquitània [akiˈtanjɔ]; Basque: Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Aguiéne), archaic Guyenne or Guienne (Occitan: Guiana), is a historical
Aquitaine
Department of France in Occitanie
Aude (/oʊd/ OHD; French: [od] ; Occitan: [ˈawðe]) is a department in southern France, located in Occitania and named after the river Aude. The departmental
Aude
Department of France
Creuse (French pronunciation: [kʁøz] ; Occitan: Cruesa or Crosa) is a department in central France named after the river Creuse. After Lozère, it is the
Creuse
Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
pronunciation: [ʁɔʃfɔʁ] ; Occitan: Ròchafòrt), unofficially Rochefort-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃfɔʁ syʁ mɛʁ]; Occitan: Ròchafòrt de Mar) for disambiguation
Rochefort,_Charente-Maritime
Mark that indicates separation of vowels
purpose in several languages of western and southern Europe, among them Occitan, Catalan, French, Dutch, Welsh, and (rarely) English. As a further extension
Diaeresis_(diacritic)
Town in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Juan-les-Pins (French pronunciation: [ʒɥɑ̃ le pɛ̃]; Occitan: Joan dei Pins) is a town in the commune of Antibes in the Alpes-Maritimes department in Southeastern
Juan-les-Pins
Historical variety of French used from the mid-14th century to the early 17th century
language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and
Middle_French
Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Èze (French pronunciation: [ɛːz]; Occitan: Esa; Italian: Eza) is a seaside commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Èze
Administrative region of France
time as the coat of arms. de facto Flag used since 2018 In Arpitan and in Occitan, two of the three languages that are historically spoken in the region
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
The history of Limousin (Occitan: Lemosin), one of the traditional provinces of France, reaches back to Celtic and Roman times. The region surrounds the
History_of_Limousin
French football club, based in Rodez
Rodez Aveyron Football (Occitan: Rodés Avairon) is a French association football club based in Rodez. The club was founded in 1929 and currently plays
Rodez_AF
Subprefecture of Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Brignoles (French pronunciation: [bʁiɲɔl]; Occitan: Brinhòla) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern
Brignoles
Department of France
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French pronunciation: [pi.ʁe.nez‿at.lɑ̃.tik] ; Gascon Occitan: Pirenèus Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department located
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Commune in Occitanie, France
Bozouls (French pronunciation: [bozul]; Occitan: Boason) is a commune in the southern French department of Aveyron. It is located on Route Maquis de Jean
Bozouls
Galician, Basque, and Aranese Occitan have legal and co-official status in their respective communities and (except Aranese Occitan) are widespread enough to
Languages_of_Spain
Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Bonnieux (French pronunciation: [bɔnjø] ; Occitan: Bonius) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern
Bonnieux
Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Cap-d'Ail (French pronunciation: [kap daj]; Occitan: Caup d'Alh; Italian: Capodaglio or Capo d'Aglio) is a seaside commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department
Cap-d'Ail
Former province in southwestern France (1453–1789)
Gascony (/ˈɡæskəni/; French: Gascogne [ɡaskɔɲ] ; Occitan: Gasconha [ɡasˈkuɲɔ]) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the
Gascony
Overview of French regional flags
Vexillology. The still popular flag of the historical region Occitania with the Occitan cross, later adopted by Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon. Official
Flags of the regions of France
Flags_of_the_regions_of_France
Department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [lɔt e ɡaʁɔn] , Occitan: Òlt e Garona; lit. 'Lot and Garonne') is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
Lot-et-Garonne
Single-stanza poem in troubadour poetry
A cobla esparsa (Old Occitan: [ˈkobla esˈpaɾsa] literally meaning "scattered stanza") in Old Occitan is the name used for a single-stanza poem in troubadour
Cobla_esparsa
Former administrative region of France
Midi-Pyrénées (French pronunciation: [midi piʁene] ; Occitan: Miègjorn-Pirenèus [mjɛdˈdʒuɾ piɾeˈnɛws] or Mieidia-Pirenèus [mjejˈði.ɔ piɾeˈnɛws]; Spanish:
Midi-Pyrénées
French cheese and potato dish
Aligot (Occitan: Aligòt) is a dish made from cheese blended into mashed potatoes (often with some garlic) that is made on the high plateau of Aubrac (part
Aligot
Genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry
The alba (Old Occitan: [ˈalba]; "sunrise") is a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry. It describes the longing of lovers who, having passed a night together
Alba_(poetry)
Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Roquebrune-Cap-Martin (French: [ʁɔk(ə)bʁyn kap maʁtɛ̃]; Occitan: Ròcabruna Caup Martin or Ròcabruna Cap Martin; Mentonasc: Rocabrüna; Italian: Roccabruna-Capo
Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
(French: [salɔ̃ d(ə) pʁɔvɑ̃s], locally [saˈlɔ̃ᵑ də pχoˈvãⁿsə]; Provençal Occitan: Selon de Provença or Seloun de Prouvènço, pronounced [seˈlu de pʀuˈvɛnsɔ])
Salon-de-Provence
Occitan preface to troubadour composition
A razo (Old Occitan: [raˈzu], literally "cause", "reason") was a short piece of Occitan prose detailing the circumstances of a troubadour composition
Razo
Gallo-Romance dialect continuum
Gaulish caballos (cf. Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel), yielding ModF cheval, Occitan caval (chaval), Catalan cavall, Spanish caballo, Portuguese cavalo, Italian
Old_French
Subdivision of the Romance languages
It shares features of both French and the Provençal dialect of Occitan. The Occitan language, or langue d'oc, has dialects such as Provençal dialect
Western_Romance_languages
Romance languages developed on the Iberian Peninsula
West Iberian, East Iberian or Occitano-Romance (Catalan/Valencian and Occitan) and Southern Iberian (Andalusi Romance, also known as Mozarabic) language
Iberian_Romance_languages
Catalan territory ceded to France in 1659
of Spain. The district lies on the most direct route between Toulouse (Occitan: Tolosa de Lengadoc) and Barcelona (via Foix and Ripoll), and a railway
Northern_Catalonia
Administrative division in Occitania, France
Sète (French pronunciation: [sɛt]; Occitan: Seta, [ˈsetɔ]), also historically spelled Cette (official until 1928) and Sette, is a resort town and commune
Sète
Geographical area of France
Occitania in southern Europe, the historical and cultural region in which Occitan (French: langue d'oc), as distinct from the langues d'oïl of northern France
Southern_France
Department of France in Occitania
[piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also
Pyrénées-Orientales
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Albi (French pronunciation: [albi] ; Occitan: Albi [ˈalβi]) is a commune in southern France. It is the prefecture of the Tarn department, on the river
Albi
Political party in France
Occitan Struggle (Occitan: Lucha Occitana, LO) was an Occitan political group created in 1971 from the Comitat Occitans d'Estudis e d'Accion.[page needed]
Lucha_Occitana
Spanish politician and environmental scientist
University. Mireia Boya Busquet has been a fighter for the recognition of Occitan identity of the Valley of Aran, and was the first member of the Catalan
Mireia_Boya_Busquet
River in France
The Dordogne (French pronunciation: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ; Occitan: Dordonha) is a river in south-central and southwest France. It is 483.1 km (300.2 mi) long. The
Dordogne_(river)
Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Vallauris (French pronunciation: [valoʁis]; Occitan: Valàuria; Niçard subdialect: Valàuri) is a seaside commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the
Vallauris
Musical artist
French and in Occitan, the traditional language of the region the band comes from. The band "promotes the conservation and vibrancy of [Occitan] and its dialects"
Massilia_Sound_System
Romance language spoken in northeast Iberia
across several towns of central Navarre in a multilingual environment with Occitan, where Basque was the native language. Navarro-Aragonese gradually lost
Navarro-Aragonese
French stewed vegetable dish
Ratatouille (/ˌrætəˈtuːi/ RAT-ə-TOO-ee, French: [ʁatatuj] ; Occitan: ratatolha [ʀataˈtuʎɔ] ) is a traditional French vegetable dish originating in the
Ratatouille
OCCITAN
OCCITAN
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Norman personal name Malg(i)er, Maug(i)er, composed of the Germanic elements madal ‘council’ + gÄr, gÄ“er ‘spear’. The surname is now also established in Ulster.Hungarian : from a shortened form of majorosgazda (see Majoros), or a derivative of German Meyer 1.Polish, Czech, and Slovak : from the military rank major (derived from Latin maior ‘greater’), a word related to English mayor and the German surname Meyer.Catalan and southern French (Occitan) : from major ‘major’ (Latin maior ‘greater’), denoting a prominent or important person or the first-born son of a family.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : variant of Meyer 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Castle.Manx : from a short form of the Old Norse personal name Ãsketill, composed of the elements áss ‘god’ + ketill ‘kettle’.Catalan : topographic name from Catalan castell ‘castle’, a derivative of Late Latin castellum ‘castle’ (a diminutive of Latin castrum ‘fort’, ‘Roman walled city’). Compare Spanish Castillo and Occitan (southern French) Castel.Probably an altered spelling of German Kastel.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from the female personal name Susanna, Susanne (Middle English), Susanna (Dutch), from Hebrew Shushannah ‘lily’, ‘lily of the valley’.Southern French : from Occitan susan ‘above’, ‘higher’, hence a topographic name for someone living at the top end of a village or on the side of a valley.Jewish (Sephardic) : from the male personal name Susan, a derivative of Arabic susan ‘lily’.
Surname or Lastname
Muslim
Muslim : variant of Sabir.English : variant of Seaberg.Southern French : nickname for a wise or knowledgeable man, from Occitan saber ‘to know’, which could also have the sense of ‘knowledge’.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : of uncertain origin; possibly from the Latin personal name Primus (‘the first’), borne by several saints; or one composed with a Germanic word meaning ‘to prick or stab’; or from a personal name of Slavic origin Primm, from prēmu ‘right’.French : from a personal name (from Latin Primus).French : nickname from Old French prim ‘first’, possibly given to the eldest child in a family, or alternatively a nickname from Old French and Occitan prim ‘shrewd’, ‘clever’, ‘artful’, ‘sly’.Dutch : variant of Priem.English : variant of Prime.Some of the Prim families in VT descend from a Simon Laval dit Printemps, who was known in English-speaking areas as Seymour Prim.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Gloucestershire and Worcestershire)
English (chiefly Gloucestershire and Worcestershire) : variant of Millward.French (northern) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements mil ‘good’, ‘gracious’ + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’.Southern French : from a variant spelling of Occitan milhar ‘millet field’ (from mil ‘millet’).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
Catalan and Southern French (Rodés)
Catalan and Southern French (Rodés) : habitational name from any of several places named Rodés, mainly those in El Pallars and El Conflent districts, in northern Catalonia. This has the same origin as Occitan Rodés (Rodez in French), in Avairon department (southern France), which is first recorded in the 6th century in the Latin form Rutensis, apparently from the name of the Gaulish tribal name Ruteni.Catalan : variant of Roda, from Catalan rodes, the plural of roda ‘wheel’.English : variant of Rhodes.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Revell.French : habitational name from any of the places so named, for example in Isère and Haute-Garonne.French and southern French : nickname from Old French, Occitan reveau ‘rebel’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal names Lucian and Luciana, derived from the Latin personal names Lucianus and Luciana (see Luciano).Southern French : local (Occitan) variant of Lucien.Italian : Venetian variant of Luciano.
Surname or Lastname
Southern French
Southern French : topographic name for someone who lived by an
oak tree or oak grove, from Occitan garric (masculine) ‘kermes
oak’ or garrique (feminine) ‘grove of kermes oaks’.English (Norfolk) : variant of Geary 2.A bearer with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
Chinese
Chinese : from the place name Pan, which existed in the state of Wei during the Zhou dynasty. Bi Gonggao, fifteenth son of the virtuous duke Wen Wang, was granted a state named Wei when the Zhou dynasty came to power in 1122 bc (see Feng 1). Bi Gonggao in turn granted the area called Pan to one of his sons, whose descendants eventually adopted Pan as their surname. This name is also Romanized as Poon, Pun, and Pon.Korean : There are two Chinese characters for this surname; only one of them, however, is common enough to warrant treatment here. There are three clans which use this character: the KisÅng (also called the KÅje), the Kwangju, and the Namp’yÅng. The founding ancestors of these clans were KoryÅ (918–1392) figures, and it is widely believed that they were related.Spanish and southern French (Occitan) : metonymic occupational name for a baker or a pantryman, from Spanish and Occitan pan ‘bread’ (Latin panis).English and Dutch : metonymic occupational name for someone who cast pans, from Middle English, Middle Dutch panne ‘pan’.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from Polish, Ukrainian, Yiddish pan ‘lord’, ‘master’, ‘landowner’, hence a nickname for a haughty person.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling or translation of German Pfann (North German Pann).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French Gascogne ‘Gascony’, hence a regional name. The name of the region derives from that of the Basques, who are found close by and formerly extended into this region as well; they are first named in Roman sources as VascÅnes, but the original meaning of the name, derived from a root eusk- in the non-Indo-European language that they still speak today, is completely obscure. By the Middle Ages the Basques had been displaced from most of Gascony by speakers of Gascon (a dialect of Occitan, related to French), who were proverbial for their boastfulness. In the 11th century Gascony united with Aquitaine and was thus held by England between 1154 and 1453. See Gascon.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : from the common Norman personal name, T(h)erry (Old French Thierri), composed of the unattested Germanic element þeudo- ‘people’, ‘race’ + rÄ«c ‘power’. Theodoric was the name of the Ostrogothic leader (c. 454–526) who invaded Italy in 488 and established his capital at Ravenna in 493. His name was often taken as a derivative of Greek TheodÅros (see Theodore). There was an Anglo-Norman family of this name in County Cork.Irish : Anglicized (‘translated’) form of Gaelic Mac Toirdhealbhaigh (see Turley).Southern French : occupational name for a potter, from Occitan terrin ‘earthenware vase’ (a diminutive of terre ‘earth’, Latin terra).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Castle.Southern French : topographic name from Occitan castel, a derivative of Late Latin castellum ‘castle’ (a diminutive of Latin castrum ‘fort’, ‘Roman walled city’). This name is also found as a Jewish (Sephardic) name.Catalan : respelling of Castell.A bearer of the name from Chartres is documented in Champlain, Quebec, in 1684.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, Welsh, and German
English, Scottish, Welsh, and German : from the Old French personal name Olivier, which was taken to England by the Normans from France. It was popular throughout Europe in the Middle Ages as having been borne by one of Charlemagne’s paladins, the faithful friend of Roland, about whose exploits there were many popular romances. The name ostensibly means ‘olive tree’ (see Oliveira), but this is almost certainly the result of folk etymology working on an unidentified Germanic personal name, perhaps a cognate of Alvaro. The surname is also borne by Jews, apparently as an adoption of the non-Jewish surname.Catalan and southern French (Occitan) : generally a topographic name from oliver ‘olive tree’, but in some instances possibly related to the homonymous personal name (see 1 above).
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a short form of the personal name Amaury (see Emery).Southern French (Occitan) : habitational name from Maury, in Basses Pyrénées.English : probably a variant of Morey 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an idle dreamer, from Middle English cokayne ‘cloud-cuckooland’, name of an imaginary paradise (Old French (pays de) cocaigne, from Middle Low German kÅkenje, a diminutive of kÅke ‘cake’, since in this land the houses were supposed to be made of cake).Americanized spelling of French Cocagne, from an Occitan word meaning ‘profit’, ‘advantage’, used as a personal name from the Middle Ages.
Surname or Lastname
Spanish and southern French (Occitan)
Spanish and southern French (Occitan) : from Spanish and Old French rey ‘king’ (from Latin rex, genitive regis), which could have been applied any of in numerous ways: it may have denoted someone in the service of a king; it may have been from the title of someone in a brotherhood; or a nickname for someone who behaved in a regal fashion or who had earned the title in some contest of skill or by presiding over festivities.English : variant spelling of Ray 1, cognate with 1.German : from a short form of a Germanic personal name formed with ragin ‘counsel’.German : nickname for a leader of dancing or singing, from Middle Low German rei(e) ‘(line) dance’, ‘(satirical) song’.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin) and French
English (of Norman origin) and French : occupational name for a forester, Old French verdier (Late Latin viridarius, a derivative of viridis ‘green’). The medieval officials in charge of a forest were known as verdiers on account of their green costumes, which may be regarded as an early example of camouflage.Southern French : topographic name for someone who lived near an orchard or garden, or an occupational name for someone who was employed in one, from Occitan verdier ‘orchard’ (Late Latin virid(i)arium).
OCCITAN
OCCITAN
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Lord of Water
Girl/Female
Hindu
Male
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements �ss "god, divinity," and mundr "protection," hence "divine protection."
Girl/Female
Italian Polish
Stammers.
Boy/Male
Biblical
God liveth.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : ethnic name for a Finn (see Finn 3) or a topographic name, from an agent derivative of Old High German fenni, Middle Low German and Old Frisian fenne ‘bog’ (see Fenn).English : possibly a variant of Fenner.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Praise of the glorious protector, Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Arthurian Legend
Daughter of Cavalon.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Spiritual, Spiritual, Holy, Holy
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian, Modern
Trust
OCCITAN
OCCITAN
OCCITAN
OCCITAN
OCCITAN