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Python library for numerical programming
NumPy (pronounced /ˈnʌmpaɪ/ NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices
NumPy
Parallel computing platform and programming model
= numpy.random.randn(400).astype(numpy.float32) b: NDArray[float32] = numpy.random.randn(400).astype(numpy.float32) dest: NDArray[float32] = numpy.zeros_like(a)
CUDA
General-purpose programming language
times. The @ infix operator is intended to be used by libraries such as NumPy for matrix multiplication. The syntax :=, called the "walrus operator",
Python_(programming_language)
Python library for data analysis
the R programming language. The library is built upon another library, NumPy. Developer Wes McKinney started working on Pandas in 2008 while at AQR Capital
Pandas_(software)
Open-source Python library for scientific computing
structure used by SciPy is a multidimensional array provided by the NumPy module. NumPy provides some functions for linear algebra, Fourier transforms, and
SciPy
American data scientist
the Python scientific computing ecosystem. He is the primary creator of Numpy, a foundational package for numerical computation in Python, and a founding
Travis_Oliphant
Python library for machine learning
designed to interoperate with the Python numerical and scientific libraries NumPy and SciPy. Scikit-learn is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project. The scikit-learn
Scikit-learn
Machine learning software library
production. Numpy is one of the most popular Python data libraries, and TensorFlow offers integration and compatibility with its data structures. Numpy NDarrays
TensorFlow
Numerical programming library for the Python programming language
of them. CuPy shares the same API set as NumPy and SciPy, allowing it to be a drop-in replacement to run NumPy/SciPy code on GPU. CuPy supports Nvidia
CuPy
General-purpose programming language
calling library functions in C; for example, the Python-based framework NumPy uses C for the high-performance and hardware-interacting aspects. A consequence
C_(programming_language)
Vector operation
Documentation". rdocumentation.org. Retrieved 2020-09-07. "numpy.outer — NumPy v1.19 Manual". numpy.org. Retrieved 2020-09-07. Steeb, Willi-Hans; Hardy, Yorick
Outer_product
Sigmoid shape special function
abs_err = numpy.abs(approx_vals - ys) print(f"\nMaximum absolute error on [{xmin},{xmax}]:", numpy.max(abs_err)) print("RMS error:", numpy.sqrt(numpy.mean(abs_err**2)))
Error_function
Deep learning library
resources. PyTorch utilises the tensor as a fundamental data type, similarly to NumPy. Training is facilitated by a reversed automatic differentiation system
PyTorch
Algorithm used by Google Search to rank web pages
_{\textrm {algebraic}}}{|\mathbf {R} _{\textrm {algebraic}}|}}} . import numpy as np def pagerank(M, d: float = 0.85): """PageRank algorithm with explicit
PageRank
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
stats::fft(x) None Scilab fft(x) None MATLAB, Octave fft(x) None Python fft.fft(x) numpy or scipy Mathematica Fourier[x] None C / C++ fftw_execute(plan) FFTW Fortran
Fast_Fourier_transform
Machine-learning framework
Linear Algebra). It is designed to follow the structure and workflow of NumPy as closely as possible and works with various existing frameworks such as
JAX_(software)
Correspondence between quaternions and 3D rotations
SciPy spatial.transform.Rotation library SymPy symbolic mathematics library numpy-quaternion library Universal Scene Description Microsoft DirectX Math Library
Quaternions and spatial rotation
Quaternions_and_spatial_rotation
ASCII-compatible variable-width encoding of Unicode
Retrieved 2025-11-20. "NEP 55 – Add a UTF-8 variable-width string DType to NumPy". NumPy Enhancement Proposals. Retrieved 2025-11-20. "RTFM optu8to16(3), optu8to16vis(3)"
UTF-8
Statistic which divides a data set into 100 parts and analyzes it as a percentage
x\in (1,N)\cap \mathbb {R} .} [Source: Some software packages, including NumPy and Microsoft Excel (up to and including version 2013 by means of the PERCENTILE
Percentile
Python library for parallel computing
other libraries in the PyData ecosystem including: Pandas, scikit-learn and NumPy. It also exposes low-level APIs that help programmers run custom algorithms
Dask_(software)
Statistic which divides data into four same-sized parts for analysis
Stats Method 1 R fivenum Method 2 R quantile (default) Method 4 Python numpy.percentile Method 4 (with n−1) Python pandas.DataFrame.describe Method 3
Quartile
Topics referred to by the same term
class of problems in computational complexity Co-NP, a complexity class Numpy a Python mathematical library Named Pipe a method for Inter-Process Communications
NP
Numerical computation library for Python
especially matrix-valued ones. In Theano, computations are expressed using a NumPy-esque syntax and compiled to run efficiently on either CPU or GPU architectures
Theano_(software)
Set of descriptive statistics
the percentile function from the numerical library numpy and works in Python 2 and 3. import numpy as np def fivenum(data): """Five-number summary."""
Five-number_summary
Iterative method used to solve a linear system of equations
procedure produces the solution vector of a linear system of equations: import numpy as np ITERATION_LIMIT = 1000 # initialize the matrix A = np.array( [ [10
Gauss–Seidel_method
Kubernetes Mallet — toolkit for natural language processing and text analysis NumPy — numerical computing library used in machine learning OpenCV — computer
Comparison of machine learning software
Comparison_of_machine_learning_software
Library for creating visualizations in Python
the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications
Matplotlib
plotting and mathematical functions (using NumPy). NetworkX – library for studying graphs and networks NumPy – a language extension that adds support for
List_of_Python_software
Modification of approximate entropy
combinations(x): idx = numpy.stack(numpy.triu_indices(len(x), k=1), axis=-1) return x[idx] def is_match(template_1, template_2, r) -> bool: return numpy.all([abs(x
Sample_entropy
Simulation software for quantum systems
via C and C++. QuTiP is built to work well with popular Python packages NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib and IPython. The idea for the QuTip project was conceived
QuTiP
Sorting algorithm
Powersort is the default list-sorting algorithm in CPython and is also used in NumPy, PyPy, AssemblyScript, and Apple's WebKit. Powersort belongs to the family
Powersort
visualization library MLlib – machine learning library for Apache Spark NumPy – numerical computing library Orange – data mining tool pandas – data manipulation
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
Method of solving a linear system of equations
pseudo-code provided in the Wikipedia article. Arguments: A: nxn numpy matrix. b: n dimensional numpy vector. omega: relaxation factor. initial_guess: An initial
Successive_over-relaxation
Algorithm in numerical analysis
CPython v3.12 Added Features. Retrieved 7 October 2023. "numpy.sum — NumPy v2.4 Manual". numpy.org. RFC: use pairwise summation for sum, cumsum, and cumprod
Kahan_summation_algorithm
Algebraic operation on coordinate vectors
conj(transpose(A)) * B or sum(conj(A) .* B) or dot(A, B) Python (package NumPy) as np.dot(A, B) or np.inner(A, B) GNU Octave as sum(conj(X) .* Y, dim)
Dot_product
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
real-number math. The mainstream algorithm, used by OpenJDK, Rust, and NumPy, is described in a proposal for C++'s STL. It does not use the extra precision
Random_number_generation
Fractal named after mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot
). Here is the code implementing the above algorithm in Python: import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Setting parameters (these values
Mandelbrot_set
Python web framework
Manim Matplotlib Mako MindSpore mlpy MNE-Python NLTK NetworkX NeuroKit NumPy OceanParcels Orange Panda3D Pandas PlaidML Plotly ProbLog pvlib python PyGObject
Flask_(web_framework)
Routines for performing common linear algebra operations
including LAPACK, LINPACK, Armadillo, GNU Octave, Mathematica, MATLAB, NumPy, R, Julia and Lisp-Stat. The C++ std::linalg library, introduced in C++26
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
Basic_Linear_Algebra_Subprograms
Pseudorandom number generator
random value". PHP Manual. Retrieved 2016-03-02. "NumPy 1.17.0 Release Notes — NumPy v1.21 Manual". numpy.org. Retrieved 2021-06-29. "9.6 random — Generate
Mersenne_Twister
Model of enzyme kinetics
{\displaystyle V_{\max }} calculator (ic50.org/kmvmax.html) based on Python, NumPy, Matplotlib and the non-linear least-squares Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
Michaelis–Menten_kinetics
Statistical rule of thumb
65–66. doi:10.1080/01621459.1926.10502161. JSTOR 2965501. "Numpy.histogram_bin_edges — NumPy v2.1 Manual". "Hist function - RDocumentation". Scott, David
Sturges's_rule
Type of reservoir computer
implementations of ESNs are aureservoir (a C++ library for various kinds with python/numpy bindings), MATLAB, ReservoirComputing.jl (a Julia-based implementation of
Echo_state_network
visualization, and data analysis Scikit-learn — library built on top of NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib Shogun — C++ library for large-scale machine learning
Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software
Lists_of_open-source_artificial_intelligence_software
Computer algebra system
algebra ATLAS, BLAS, LAPACK, NumPy, LinBox, IML, GSL Graph theory NetworkX Group theory GAP Numerical computation GSL, SciPy, NumPy, ATLAS Number theory PARI/GP
SageMath
Transformation of statistics by limiting extreme values
particular stocks. Python can winsorize data using SciPy library: import numpy as np from scipy.stats.mstats import winsorize winsorize(np.array([92, 19
Winsorizing
Limiting a position to an area
the pandas library offers the Series.clip and DataFrame.clip methods. The NumPy library offers the clip function. In the Wolfram Language, it is implemented
Clamp_(function)
Statistical method of dividing data into equal-sized intervals for analysis
randomly drawn values. R‑7, Excel, Python, SciPy‑(1,1), Julia-(1,1), Maple‑6, NumPy, Guava (N − 1)p + 1 Linear interpolation of the modes for the order statistics
Quantile
Iterative method for approximating eigenvectors
operations. In the programming language Python with support of the NumPy library: import numpy as np def arnoldi_iteration(A, b, n: int): """Compute a basis
Arnoldi_iteration
Instructions for the x86 microprocessors
64-bit numeric data types, uses AVX2 and AVX-512. The library is used in NumPy and OpenJDK to accelerate sorting algorithms. Tesseract OCR engine uses
Advanced_Vector_Extensions
Python distribution
Manim Matplotlib Mako MindSpore mlpy MNE-Python NLTK NetworkX NeuroKit NumPy OceanParcels Orange Panda3D Pandas PlaidML Plotly ProbLog pvlib python PyGObject
Anaconda (Python distribution)
Anaconda_(Python_distribution)
Online IDE and web hosting service
applications" in the official book on the web framework, is suggested when learning NumPy, is deployment platform of choice in Django Girls tutorial, and is recommended
PythonAnywhere
Type of programming language
analysis, and visualization. Languages such as Python, through libraries like NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib, have become dominant in fields ranging from machine
Scientific programming language
Scientific_programming_language
Rule for choosing histogram bins
1093/biomet/66.3.605. "Hist function - RDocumentation". "Numpy.histogram_bin_edges — NumPy v2.1 Manual". "Excel:Create a histogram". Scott DW. Scott's
Scott's_rule
Python programming integrated development environment
Anaconda as well as multiple scientific packages including Matplotlib and NumPy. Front-end and back-end web development: special support for Django, Flask
PyCharm
Family of continuous probability distributions
Wald distribution in Python using matplotlib and NumPy: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np h = plt.hist(np.random.wald(3, 2, 100000),
Inverse_Gaussian_distribution
Methods for numerical approximations
such as R (similar to S-PLUS), Julia, and Python with libraries such as NumPy, SciPy and SymPy. Performance varies widely: while vector and matrix operations
Numerical_analysis
Open source column-oriented RDBMS
for a Python interpreter with the ability to directly place data into NumPy arrays). DuckDB's SQL parser is derived from the pg_query library developed
DuckDB
Eigenvalue algorithm
this with the following algorithm (shown in Python with NumPy): import numpy as np from numpy import typing as npt def random_vector(dimension: int) ->
Power_iteration
Variant form of the Catmull-Rom spine
Catmull–Rom spline in Python that produces the plot shown beneath. import numpy import matplotlib.pyplot as plt QUADRUPLE_SIZE: int = 4 def num_segments(point_chain:
Centripetal Catmull–Rom spline
Centripetal_Catmull–Rom_spline
JIT compiler for Python
Numba is an open-source JIT compiler that translates a subset of Python and NumPy into fast machine code using LLVM, via the llvmlite Python package. It offers
Numba
Container for a set of identifiers
alias or alternative name for use by the calling module: import numpy as np from numpy.typing import NDArray, float32 a: NDArray[float32] = np.arange(1000)
Namespace
differentiation, and accelerator-oriented array computation in Python. NumPy, a BSD-licensed library that adds support for the manipulation of large
List_of_numerical_libraries
Class of artificial neural network
deep-learning library for Python with an API largely compatible with the NumPy library. Torch: A scientific computing framework with support for machine
Recurrent_neural_network
Half maximal inhibitory concentration
gnuplot Alternative online IC50 calculator (www.ic50.org) based on Python, NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib ELISA IC50/EC50 Online Tool (link seems broken) IC50
IC50
In computer vision and image processing
multi-Otsu's method, respectively. This implementation requires the NumPy library. import numpy as np def otsu_intraclass_variance(image, threshold): """ Otsu's
Otsu's_method
Iterative method used to solve a linear system of equations
five iterations. The exact solution of the system is (1, 2, −1, 1). import numpy as np ITERATION_LIMIT = 1000 # initialize the matrix A = np.array([[10.
Jacobi_method
Smooth approximation of one-hot arg max
maximum value. Computation of this example using Python code: >>> import numpy as np >>> z = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]) >>> beta = 1
Softmax_function
Open-source data analytics cluster computing framework
the standard CPython runtime and can call native Python libraries such as NumPy and SciPy; communication between Python user code and Spark's JVM-based
Apache_Spark
Array representation in computer memory
two possible resulting interpretations. Row-major order is the default in NumPy (for Python). Column-major order is the default in Eigen and Armadillo (both
Row-_and_column-major_order
Least-weight tree connecting graph vertices
sparse.csgraph.minimum_spanning_tree - SciPy v1.7.1 Manual". Numpy and Scipy Documentation — Numpy and Scipy documentation. Retrieved 2021-12-10. A minimum
Minimum_spanning_tree
Algorithmic technique
(SIAM: Philadelphia, 1997). ENH: implement pairwise summation, github.com/numpy/numpy pull request #3685 (September 2013). RFC: use pairwise summation for
Pairwise_summation
StackOverflow problems, requiring the use of 7 Python libraries, such as NumPy and Pandas. The responses are scored by running test cases and comparing
Language_model_benchmark
Software library for data analysis
mean("temp")) Dask is a Python package for applying parallel computation using NumPy, pandas, and scikit-learn, and is used for datasets that are larger than
Polars_(software)
Grohmann, University of São Paulo GPL Cross-platform Python Depends on NumPy and Matplotlib OpendTect Geoscience interpretation and visualization dGB
List_of_free_geology_software
Python web framework
Manim Matplotlib Mako MindSpore mlpy MNE-Python NLTK NetworkX NeuroKit NumPy OceanParcels Orange Panda3D Pandas PlaidML Plotly ProbLog pvlib python PyGObject
Django_(web_framework)
Mathematical problem involving optimal stopping theory
2017. Optimal Stopping and Applications book by Thomas S. Ferguson import numpy as np import pandas as pd # Define the function for which you want to find
Secretary_problem
Programming language
macOS, Android, iOS, Raspberry Pi License GPLv3 Website www.jsoftware.com Major implementations J Influenced by APL Influenced NumPy, SuperCollider
J_(programming_language)
Method for numerical integration
underlying ``_basic_simpson`` for a more performant implementation utilizing numpy's broadcast. """ N = len(x) - 1 h = [x[i + 1] - x[i] for i in range(0, N)]
Simpson's_rule
Advanced interactive shell for Python
libraries like Dask. IPython frequently draws from SciPy stack libraries like NumPy and SciPy, often installed alongside one of many Scientific Python distributions
IPython
Statistical confidence interval for success counts
and scipy.stats.beta.ppf in Python. from scipy.stats import beta import numpy as np k = 20 n = 400 alpha = 0.05 p_u, p_o = beta.ppf([alpha / 2, 1 - alpha
Binomial proportion confidence interval
Binomial_proportion_confidence_interval
deep learning, such as PyTorch, TensorFlow, Keras, Google JAX. The library NumPy can be used for manipulating arrays, SciPy for scientific and mathematical
List of programming languages for artificial intelligence
List_of_programming_languages_for_artificial_intelligence
Model for representing text documents
programs based on Lucene. Others are also available. Gensim is a Python+NumPy framework for Vector Space modelling. It contains incremental (memory-efficient)
Vector_space_model
Type of feedforward neural network
deep-learning library for Python with an API largely compatible with the popular NumPy library. Allows user to write symbolic mathematical expressions, then automatically
Convolutional_neural_network
Field of algorithmic training
development and model verification. Python along with external libraries (such as NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib) has gained some popularity as a free and Copycenter
Computational_engineering
Open-source data analysis software
uses common Python open-source libraries for scientific computing, such as numpy, scipy and scikit-learn, while its graphical user interface operates within
Orange_(software)
Language Toolkit Python Apache 2.0 NeuroKit Python MIT NetworkX Python BSD-3 NumPy Python BSD-3 OceanParcels Python MIT OpenAI Gym Python MIT Orange Python
List of open-source code libraries
List_of_open-source_code_libraries
and visualization. Python with well-known scientific computing packages: NumPy, SymPy and SciPy. R is a widely used system with a focus on data manipulation
List of numerical-analysis software
List_of_numerical-analysis_software
IDE for scientific programming in Python
number of prominent packages in the scientific Python stack, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, pandas, IPython, SymPy and Cython, as well as other
Spyder_(software)
Medical imaging software
Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. It also uses graphic libraries VTK, wxPython, Numpy, Scipy and GDCM. The software's name is a tribute to Belgian physician Andreas
InVesalius
Conversion of a matrix or a tensor to a vector
vech(A) respectively. Julia has the vec(A) function as well. In Python NumPy arrays implement the flatten method, while in R the desired effect can be
Vectorization_(mathematics)
Elementwise product of two matrices
built-in array support, leading to inconsistent/conflicting notations. The NumPy numerical library interprets a*b or a.multiply(b) as the Hadamard product
Hadamard_product_(matrices)
Applying operations to whole sets of values simultaneously
languages is explicitly influenced by the array programming paradigm, as the NumPy extension library to Python, Armadillo and Blitz++ libraries do. Array slicing
Array_programming
Notation for ranges or parent directory
particularly in NumPy, where an ellipsis is used for slicing an arbitrary number of dimensions for a high-dimensional array: import numpy as np from typing
Ellipsis (computer programming)
Ellipsis_(computer_programming)
Matrix Toolkit Java SuanShu Accord.NET ALGLIB Math.NET Numerics Meta.Numerics Perl Data Language CuPy Dask JAX Manim Matplotlib NumPy PyMC SciPy SymPy
List of open-source software for mathematics
List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics
Image processing library for Python
designed to interoperate with the Python numerical and scientific libraries NumPy and SciPy. The scikit-image project started as scikits.image, by Stéfan
Scikit-image
Machine learning library for data streams in Python
designed to interoperate with Python's numerical and scientific libraries NumPy and SciPy and is compatible with Jupyter Notebooks. The scikit-multiflow
Scikit-multiflow
Generating pseudo-random numbers that follow a probability distribution
Pareto Poisson Power Rayleigh Students's t Triangular von Mises Wald Zeta NumPy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Non-uniform random variate generation
Non-uniform_random_variate_generation
Statistical method
problem, and visualizes the outcome: from copy import copy import numpy as np from numpy.random import default_rng rng = default_rng() class RANSAC: def
Random_sample_consensus
Open source scientific tools for Python. Bressert, E. (2012). SciPy and NumPy: an overview for developers. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Blanco-Silva, F. J
Comparison of linear algebra libraries
Comparison_of_linear_algebra_libraries
NUMPY
NUMPY
NUMPY
NUMPY
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Irish, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Portuguese, Telugu
To Fear God; Honoring God; Name of a Saint; To Honor God; One who Honors God
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Muslim
Of good and honorable character
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Light and Love
Male
Norse
Variant form of Old Norse Ragnvaldr, RÖGNVALDR means "wise ruler."
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Joy of the Vedas
Boy/Male
Teutonic German
Brave.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Lion of God.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
One who Gives Joy to Everyone; Goddess Radha
Boy/Male
Latin Russian
Light.
NUMPY
NUMPY
NUMPY
NUMPY
NUMPY