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Single-winner electoral system
instant-runoff procedure to create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson's method and Baldwin's method. Both methods are designed to satisfy the Condorcet
Nanson's_method
Pairwise-comparison electoral system
Smith/Minimax. Nanson's method and Baldwin's method combine Borda Count with an instant runoff procedure. Dodgson's method extends the Condorcet method by swapping
Condorcet_method
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among
D'Hondt_method
Method by which voters make a choice between options
new Condorcet method called Nanson's method. Charles Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll, proposed the straightforward Condorcet method known as Dodgson's
Electoral_system
Point-based ranked voting system
voting. In the Nanson method, every candidate with less than the average Borda score is eliminated each round; in the Baldwin method, the candidate with
Borda_count
Proportional-representation electoral system
The Sainte-Laguë method (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t.la.ɡy]), also called the Webster method or the Schepers method (German pronunciation: [ˈʃeːpɐs]),
Sainte-Laguë_method
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
rejected it as pathological. In 1864, Edward J. Nanson, while noting Condorcet's concerns, said the IRV method is "a perfectly feasible and practicable one
Ranked_voting
Single-winner electoral system
method (/ˈʃʊltsə/), also known as the beatpath method, is a single winner ranked-choice voting rule developed by Markus Schulze. The Schulze method is
Schulze_method
Single-winner ranked-choice voting system
Dodgson's method is an electoral system based on a proposal by mathematician Charles Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll. The method searches for a
Dodgson's_method
Class of voting systems
method until a single candidate remains. The method used to determine the loser is called the base method. Common are the two-round system, instant-runoff
Sequential_elimination_method
Proportional-representation voting system
highest averages methods (also called divisor methods). By far the most common quota method are the largest remainders or quota-shift methods, which assign
Quota_method
Multi-winner electoral system
lists of individual candidates in elections using the largest remainders method to elect the winning candidates, rather than list-based proportional systems
Single_transferable_vote
Plurality voting system
election result is an example of center squeeze. By contrast, Condorcet methods would elect Nashville (the actual capital). Perhaps the most striking effect
First-past-the-post_voting
Property of electoral systems
criterion. The Schulze method, ranked pairs, instant-runoff voting, Nanson's method, and Bucklin voting pass this criterion. Majority criterion#Borda count
Mutual_majority_criterion
Single-winner electoral system family
The Tideman Alternative method, also called[by whom?] Alternative-Smith voting, is a voting rule developed by Nicolaus Tideman which selects a single winner
Tideman_alternative_method
Spoiler effect in RCV and two-round systems
candidate, which means they will be elected by any method compatible with majority-rule. However, in methods that strongly prioritize first preferences, these
Center_squeeze
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
scrutin. Nanson, E. J. (1882). "Methods of election: Ware's Method". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 17: 206. The method was
Instant-runoff_voting
Multiple-winner electoral system
100%). If instead the sum of squares must add up to a fixed value, the method becomes quadratic voting. Cumulative voting is semi-proportional, allowing
Cumulative_voting
Single-winner ranked voting rule
median voter criterion. The method was popularized by Clyde Coombs. It was described by Edward J. Nanson as the "Venetian method" (which should not be confused
Coombs'_method
Political term about incumbents losing elections
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Unseating
Measure of equal representation
apportionment methods such as Sainte-Laguë method and D'Hondt method differ in the seats-to-votes ratio for individual parties. The Sainte-Laguë method optimizes
Seats-to-votes_ratio
later-no-help. All Minimax Condorcet methods, Ranked Pairs, Schulze method, Kemeny-Young method, Copeland's method, and Nanson's method do not satisfy later-no-help
Later-no-help_criterion
Electoral pathology or paradox
ranked methods (including Borda and all common round-robin rules) satisfy non-negative responsiveness, as do all common rated voting methods (including
Non-negative_responsiveness
Type of electoral system
majority-preferred winner, and as a result would be elected by any Condorcet method. Candidates are running in a 3-member district of 10 000 voters. Under non-transferable
Plurality_voting
Votes required to win a seat in proportional systems
Hagenbach-Bischof in the context of STV and not for the largest remainder method. The Droop quota is used in almost all STV elections, including those in
Droop_quota
Single-winner ranked vote system
The Copeland or Llull method is a ranked-choice voting system based on counting each candidate's pairwise wins and losses. In the system, voters rank candidates
Copeland's_method
Way to distribute seats in a legislative body
D'Hondt method – higher seats-to-votes ratio for larger parties Droop quota Imperiali quota Huntington–Hill method These apportionment methods can be categorized
Apportionment_(politics)
French scientist and Navy officer (1733–1799)
as a basis for other methods such as the Quota Borda system, Black's method and Nanson's method. In 1778, he published his method of reducing lunar distance
Jean-Charles_de_Borda
Voting system
from a single set of ordinal preferences. The two-round system is such a method, because the voters are not forced to vote according to a single ordinal
Two-round_system
Set preferred to any other by a majority
satisfied by ranked pairs, Schulze's method, Nanson's method, and several other methods. Moreover, any voting method can be modified to satisfy the Smith
Smith_set
Variant of party-list voting system
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Closed_list
Single-winner electoral system
Tideman method, is a ranked voting method that determines a single winner from ballots that rank candidates in order of preference. The method is like
Ranked_pairs
Document used to cast votes in an election
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Ballot
Family of voting systems
categories: The highest averages method (or divisor method), including the D'Hondt method (also known as the Jefferson method) is used in Armenia, Austria
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
Property of electoral systems
of voters, that candidate must win. Some methods that comply with this criterion include any Condorcet method, instant-runoff voting, Bucklin voting, plurality
Majority_winner_criterion
Type of mixed electoral system
party-list PR) and nationally-based compensatory top-up seats using the same method as MMP, however because the local MPs are also elected using PR, these systems
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Property of electoral systems
(when one exists) include Ranked pairs, Schulze's method, and the Tideman alternative method. Methods that do not guarantee that the Cordorcet winner will
Condorcet_winner
Vote supporting only a single candidate
support for a single favorite. Every voting method that does not satisfy either later-no-harm (most methods) or monotonicity (such as instant-runoff voting)
Bullet_voting
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
tutorial on multiobjective optimization: fundamentals and evolutionary methods". Natural Computing. 17: 585–609. doi:10.1007/s11047-018-9685-y. PMC 6105305
Pareto_efficiency
Property of electoral systems
Compliant methods include: two-round system, instant-runoff voting (AV), contingent vote, Borda count, Schulze method, ranked pairs, and Kemeny method. Any
Condorcet_loser_criterion
Invalid ballot that is not counted
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Spoilt_vote
Single-winner electoral system
Black's method is an election method proposed by Duncan Black in 1958 as a compromise between the Condorcet method and the Borda count. This method selects
Black's_method
Single-winner ranked-choice voting system
In voting systems, the minimax Condorcet method is a single-winner ranked-choice voting method that always elects the majority (Condorcet) winner. Minimax
Minimax_Condorcet_method
Federal Bundestag election regulation
Hare-Niemeyer method. Due to a change in the law passed in January 2008, the distribution of seats is now made according to the Sainte-Laguë/Schepers method. The
Electoral_system_of_Germany
should not change. Any voting method that counts voter preferences proportionally satisfies homogeneity, including voting methods such as Plurality voting
Homogeneity_criterion
Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral system
more-intricate single transferable vote (STV) system, and has resulted in the method becoming commonly used for ordering open party lists. In any election, each
Single_non-transferable_vote
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
transferable voting (STV), instant-runoff voting (IRV), Coombs' method, and Baldwin's method – allow for many rounds of counting, often eliminating only one
Contingent_vote
Electoral system quota formula
party-list proportional representation when using the largest remainder method. In such cases, the Hare quota gives unbiased apportionments that do not
Hare_quota
Single-winner electoral system
The Kemeny method is an electoral system that uses ranked ballots and pairwise comparison counts to identify the most popular choices in an election. It
Kemeny_method
Single-winner electoral system
ratings. Although tie votes in STAR Voting are rare, as with any voting method, they can occur, especially in elections without many voters. In most cases
STAR_voting
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
In ancient Athenian democracy, sortition was the traditional and primary method for appointing political officials, and its use was regarded as a principal
Sortition
Criterion that prevents lesser-evil voting
incentive to rank one's favorite last, and the method otherwise does not care where the favorite is ranked, the method passes. Anti-plurality voting thus shows
Sincere_favorite_criterion
Decision rule that selects alternatives which have a majority
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Majority_rule
Mixed electoral system with compensation
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Alternative_vote_plus
Number of votes a candidate needs to win
most commonly used quota for apportionments using the largest remainder method of party-list representation. It was proposed by Thomas Hare in his first
Electoral_quota
Droop quota Largest remainder method (supplemental method to using quotas) Multi-round voting (common supplemental method to using absolute majority Pairwise
List_of_electoral_systems
Mixed electoral system
portion of a legislature is elected using one method, while another portion is elected using a different method, with all voters participating in both. Thus
Parallel_voting
Comparative politics for electoral systems
This article discusses the methods and results of comparing different electoral systems. There are two broad methods to compare voting systems: Metrics
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Proportional-representation voting system
Territory. With its use in 1909, it was one of the first uses of the Gregory method for transfers of winner's surplus votes. The name is derived from the names
Hare–Clark_electoral_system
Voting systems using paired comparisons
varies by method. Round-robin methods are one of the four major categories of single-winner electoral methods, along with multi-stage methods (like RCV-IRV)
Round-robin_voting
Electoral system used in some cities and states
voting) use secondary rankings on ranked votes as contingency votes; Nanson's method and Bucklin voting, which have also been used, consider secondary rankings
Ranked-choice voting in the United States
Ranked-choice_voting_in_the_United_States
Rule for proportional allocation
The highest averages, divisor, or divide-and-round methods are a family of apportionment rules, i.e. algorithms for fair division of seats in a legislature
Highest_averages_method
Class of apportionment methods
rank-index methods are a set of apportionment methods that generalize the divisor method. These have also been called Huntington methods, since they
Rank-index_method
Method of counting ballots following elections
The method of equal shares (MES) is a participatory budgeting algorithm specifically designed to guarantee extended justified representation (a form of
Method_of_equal_shares
the Act of 3 June 2021" (PDF). 3 June 2021. Schulze, Markus. "The Schulze Method of Voting". Mixed single vote Mixed-member proportional representation Scorporo
Mixed ballot transferable vote
Mixed_ballot_transferable_vote
Principle that voting for a candidate should help them
a possibility violates the principle of one man, one vote. Positional methods and score voting satisfy the participation criterion. All deterministic
Participation_criterion
Personalized list proportional voting system
list system when using traditional paper-based voting are as follows: One method (used in Belgium and the Netherlands) is to have a large ballot paper with
Open_list
Correction method used in some voting systems
political parties partially or wholly based on a proportional allocation method such as highest averages or largest remainder. The difference is whether
Compensation (electoral systems)
Compensation_(electoral_systems)
Single-winner rated voting system
for the city's local elections, becoming the first US city to adopt the method. Score voting is used by the Green Party of Utah to elect officers, on a
Score_voting
Single-winner electoral system
tie-breaking procedure. Graduated majority judgment uses a simple line-drawing method to break ties. This rule is easier to explain than others such as majority
Graduated_majority_judgment
Property of electoral systems
ranking-consistent Condorcet method, and no Condorcet method can be winner-consistent. This example shows that Copeland's method violates the consistency
Consistency_criterion
Grouping of candidates for election
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Electoral_list
Elections where only a part of the body is elected at a time
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Staggered_elections
Multiple-winner electoral system
Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 Tyson, Robert. ""Various voting methods"". Arena (Jan. 1908): 60. Pedro Tavares de Almeida; Margarida Lopes & João
Limited_voting
Proportional-representation ranked voting system
invented by Markus Schulze, who developed the Schulze method for resolving ties using a Condorcet method. Schulze STV is similar to CPO-STV in that it compares
Schulze_STV
Vote share required for representation
Ranked voting systems are widely used in Australia and Ireland. Other methods of introducing ordinality into an electoral system can have similar effects
Electoral_threshold
Proportional-representation ranked voting system
method). These methods are quite crude and can encourage tactical voting. Warren's method and Meek's method are more sophisticated transfer methods.
CPO-STV
Voting method in mixed-member systems
systems were developed at about the same time: The vote linkage compensation method, where not all, but only "wasted" votes get transferred as list votes to
Mixed_single_vote
Phenomenon in electoral systems
total number of seats and recalculating the quota (the largest remainder method was also recommended) to proportionally redistribute the list seats to the
Overhang_seat
Non-proportional electoral system
non-transferable vote, and block plurality voting, is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number
Plurality_block_voting
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Electoral_system_of_Peru
Function that ranks states of society according to their desirability
order is not the same as the elimination order for sequential elimination methods: despite being eliminated first, Center is the runner-up in this election
Social_welfare_function
Combination of direct and representative democracy
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Liquid_democracy
Electoral system thresholds
systems rank individual candidates. Group voting ticket, a straight-ticket method of single transferable vote for selecting all candidates of a party in a
Spare_vote
Multiple-winner electoral system
Single transferable vote Sainte-Laguë method D'Hondt method Brams, Steven; Brill, Markus (2018). "The Excess Method: A Multiwinner Approval Voting Procedure
Sequential proportional approval voting
Sequential_proportional_approval_voting
Single-winner electoral system
named on a ballot, and the candidate with the most votes is victorious. The method is designed to eliminate vote-splitting while keeping election administration
Approval_voting
Property of electoral systems
Later-No-Harm can be considered not applicable to Anti-Plurality if the method is assumed to not accept truncated preference listings from the voter. On
Later-no-harm_criterion
Mixed electoral system with compensation
The dual-member mixed proportional (DMP) voting method is a mixed electoral system using a localized list rule to elect two representatives in each district
Dual-member mixed proportional
Dual-member_mixed_proportional
Type of voting rules for an election
various highest median rules differ in their treatment of ties, i.e., the method of ranking the candidates with the same median rating. Proponents of highest
Highest_median_voting_rules
Electoral system criterion
should never elect the worst candidate, according to the method itself (as doing so suggests the method is, in some sense, self-contradictory). The worst candidate
Reversal_symmetry
Type of mixed electoral system
electoral system (parallel voting) using winner-take-all and proportional methods to elect two different groups of members, where the disproportional results
Mixed-member majoritarian representation
Mixed-member_majoritarian_representation
Class of ranked-choice electoral systems
geometric one (positional number system) or a harmonic one (Nauru/Dowdall method). The set of weightings employed in an election heavily influences the rank
Positional_voting
System by which New Zealand parliament is elected
allocated by the Sainte-Laguë method, which is unbiased and does not favour larger parties like the alternative D'Hondt method. If a party has more electoral
Electoral system of New Zealand
Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand
Individual voter's first choice
Methods like Condorcet voting, rated voting, and the Borda count do not exhibit such effects. Methods like anti-plurality voting and Coombs' method have
First-preference_vote
Form of voting that allows delegation
receipt to indicate the validation or invalidation of their request. This method is allowed instead or early or mail voting. Proxy voting was intensely used
Proxy_voting
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
List of electoral systems by country
List_of_electoral_systems_by_country
Class of electoral systems
all three seats in the first round, so this method does not give proportional representation. The method was proposed by Condorcet in 1793, and was reported
Bucklin_voting
voting was introduced in Western Australia in 1877, followed by an improved method in South Australia in 1890. On the other hand, concerns about postal voting
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Electoral or law making voting system
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Weighted_voting
Single-winner cardinal voting system
Moreover, any method satisfying both participation and either stepwise-continuity or the Archimedean property is a point-summing method. This result is
Majority_judgment
NANSONS METHOD
NANSONS METHOD
Male
Italian
Italian form of Greek Sampson, SANSONE means "like the sun."
Boy/Male
Swedish
Nancy's son.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
The sun's man.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Nation.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (common in the Northern Isles)
Scottish (common in the Northern Isles) : patronymic from the personal name Magnus.English : patronymic from the Middle English nickname or byname Mann.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : patronymic from Man 8.
Boy/Male
English
Anne's son; son of God. Famous Bearer: actor Anson Williams.
Boy/Male
English American Anglo Saxon German
Anne's son; son of God. Famous Bearer: actor Anson Williams.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic form a short form of Andrew or Daniel.
Boy/Male
British, English
Anne's Son
Boy/Male
Latin
Worthy of praise; of value. Saint Anthony is the patron sain of poor people. Famous Bearer:...
Surname or Lastname
English (found mainly in Yorkshire)
English (found mainly in Yorkshire) : patronymic from one of several Middle English personal names. Reaney and Wilson have it as ‘son of Hann’ or ‘son of Hand’. Bardsley explains it as ‘son of Anne’, but Anne was not common as a Middle English personal name, although this is very probably the sense of the Scottish surname Anisoun. More plausible in a medieval context, perhaps, is ‘son of Agnes’ (see Annis), or even ‘son of Anselm’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably an altered spelling of Parsons.
Boy/Male
Australian, Scandinavian
Son of Nancy
Surname or Lastname
English (Lincolnshire)
English (Lincolnshire) : variant spelling of Ranson.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of Jansen, Janssen, and Jansson.English
Americanized spelling of Jansen, Janssen, and Jansson.English : patronymic from the personal name Jan, a medieval form of John.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly East Anglia)
English (chiefly East Anglia) : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Rand(e) (see Rand 1).French : variant of Renson, a reduced form of Rennesson, a pet form (with the double diminutive suffix -esson) of a personal name derived from the Germanic name Ragino or a compound name with the first element ragin- ‘counsel’.
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, German, Scandinavian
Supplanter; Son of Ann; Son of the Divine; Son of Hans
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for the servant of a parish priest or parson, or a patronymic denoting the child of a parson, from the possessive case of Middle English persone, parsoun (see Parson).English : many early examples are found with prepositions (e.g. Ralph del Persones 1323); these are habitational names, with the omission of house, hence in effect occupational names for servants employed at the parson’s house.Irish : usually of English origin (see above), but sometimes a reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac an Phearsain, which is of Highland Scottish origin (see McPherson).Members of an Irish family called Parsons wre twice created earl of Rosse, first in 1718 and again in 1806. They settled in Ireland c.1590, when two brothers, William and Laurence Parsons, were granted large estates. Birr Castle, Parsonstown, became the family seat. Samuel Holden Parsons, born Lyme, CT, in 1737 was a Connecticut legislator and revolutionary war officer. Theophilius Parsons (1750–1813) was born in Byfield, MA, and was chief justice of the MA supreme court (1806–13); his son, also Theophilius, was a professor at Harvard Law School (1848–1869).
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Midlands and northern England, especially Yorkshire)
English (chiefly Midlands and northern England, especially Yorkshire) : patronymic from Hann or the byname Hand.Irish : shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hAmhsaigh (see Hampson 2).Irish : variant of McKittrick.Respelling of Scandinavian Hansen or Hansson.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metronymic from the female personal name Hanna.A family by the name of Hanson were established in America by John Hanson, one of four brothers sent there by Queen Christina of Sweden in 1642. They were grandsons of an Englishman who had married into the Swedish royal family; he was descended from a certain Roger de Rastrick, who had lived in Yorkshire in the 13th century.
Boy/Male
Dutch Scandinavian
NANSONS METHOD
NANSONS METHOD
Surname or Lastname
Cambodian
Cambodian : unexplained.English : variant of Timm.
Boy/Male
British, English, Welsh
Wolf Hero
Boy/Male
Arabic
Servant.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Devgarbha | தேவகரà¯à®ªà®¾
Goddess Durga
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish (County Limerick; of English origin)
English and Irish (County Limerick; of English origin) : from Old English scīr, Middle English s(c)hire ‘shire’, perhaps a topographic name for someone who lived by the meeting place of a shire.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Sandalwood Trees; Hilltown
Boy/Male
Hindu
Grand
Male
English
Moor Dweller
Male
French
French and Spanish form of Roman Latin Cæsar, CÉSAR means "severed."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
A Sage
NANSONS METHOD
NANSONS METHOD
NANSONS METHOD
NANSONS METHOD
NANSONS METHOD
v.
A place where shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.
n.
The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish nations.
a.
Of, or from, barbarian nations; foreign; -- often with reference to barbarous nations of east.
a.
United by compact, as sovereignties, states, or nations; joined in confederacy; leagued; confederate; as, federate nations.
a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia; Japhetic languages.
a.
Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.
n.
One who ransoms or redeems.
v. i.
To divide into cantons or small districts.
pl.
of Cannon
n.
A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen.
n.
Heathendom; heathen nations.
a.
Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations.
n. pl.
The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.
a.
Living or being near; adjacent; as, the neighboring nations or countries.
n.
A civil officer in some Swiss cantons.
adv.
In a canonical manner; according to the canons.
a.
Resident; residentiary; as, mansionary canons.
n.
A community of canons or canonesses.
n.
A chief magistrate in some of the Swiss cantons.
n.
A collection of canons.