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Single-winner ranked vote system
The Copeland or Llull method is a ranked-choice voting system based on counting each candidate's pairwise wins and losses. In the system, voters rank candidates
Copeland's_method
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among
D'Hondt_method
Pairwise-comparison electoral system
there are many voters. Some Condorcet methods may have other kinds of ties. For example, with Copeland's method, it would not be rare for two or more
Condorcet_method
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
developed what would later be known as Copeland's method, which is similar to Condorcet's method. Copeland's method was devised by Ramon Llull in his 1299
Ranked_voting
Point-based ranked voting system
The Borda method or order of merit is a positional voting rule that gives each candidate a number of points equal to the number of candidates ranked below
Borda_count
Proportional-representation electoral system
The Sainte-Laguë method (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t.la.ɡy]), also called the Webster method or the Schepers method (German pronunciation: [ˈʃeːpɐs]),
Sainte-Laguë_method
Property of electoral systems
preferences. These examples show that Copeland's method violates the Independence of clones criterion. Copeland's method is vulnerable to crowding, that is
Independence of clones criterion
Independence_of_clones_criterion
American mathematician (1898–1970)
Marquis de Condorcet. The system he described became known as "Copeland's method". Copeland, A. H. (1927). "Note on the Fourier development of continuous
Arthur_Herbert_Copeland
American serial killer duo
called the Crime Stoppers hotline in August 1989 to tell them about the Copelands. McCormick claimed that he had seen human bones on their farm while he
Ray_and_Faye_Copeland
Plurality voting system
election result is an example of center squeeze. By contrast, Condorcet methods would elect Nashville (the actual capital). Perhaps the most striking effect
First-past-the-post_voting
later-no-help. All Minimax Condorcet methods, Ranked Pairs, Schulze method, Kemeny-Young method, Copeland's method, and Nanson's method do not satisfy later-no-help
Later-no-help_criterion
Topics referred to by the same term
Orleans Copeland Trophy, the award given to the best and fairest player for the Collingwood Football Club Copeland's, a restaurant chain Copeland's method, a
Copeland
Single-winner electoral system
method (/ˈʃʊltsə/), also known as the beatpath method, is a single winner ranked-choice voting rule developed by Markus Schulze. The Schulze method is
Schulze_method
Measure of equal representation
apportionment methods such as Sainte-Laguë method and D'Hondt method differ in the seats-to-votes ratio for individual parties. The Sainte-Laguë method optimizes
Seats-to-votes_ratio
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
In ancient Athenian democracy, sortition was the traditional and primary method for appointing political officials, and its use was regarded as a principal
Sortition
Type of cooperative argumentative dialogue
The Socratic method is a form of argumentative dialogue in which an individual probes a conversation partner on a topic, using questions and clarifications
Socratic_method
Property of electoral systems
Later-No-Harm can be considered not applicable to Anti-Plurality if the method is assumed to not accept truncated preference listings from the voter. On
Later-no-harm_criterion
Method by which voters make a choice between options
various Condorcet methods (Copeland's, Dodgson's, Kemeny-Young, Maximal lotteries, Minimax, Nanson's, Ranked pairs, Schulze), the Coombs' method and positional
Electoral_system
Proportional-representation voting system
highest averages methods (also called divisor methods). By far the most common quota method are the largest remainders or quota-shift methods, which assign
Quota_method
Single-winner ranked-choice voting system
Dodgson's method is an electoral system based on a proposal by mathematician Charles Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll. The method searches for a
Dodgson's_method
Multi-winner electoral system
lists of individual candidates in elections using the largest remainders method to elect the winning candidates, rather than list-based proportional systems
Single_transferable_vote
Comparative politics for electoral systems
This article discusses the methods and results of comparing different electoral systems. There are two broad methods to compare voting systems: Metrics
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Single-winner ranked voting rule
Coombs' method is a ranked voting system. Like instant-runoff (IRV-RCV), Coombs' method is a sequential-loser method, where the last-place finisher according
Coombs'_method
Type of mixed electoral system
party-list PR) and nationally-based compensatory top-up seats using the same method as MMP, however because the local MPs are also elected using PR, these systems
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Proportional-representation voting system
Territory. With its use in 1909, it was one of the first uses of the Gregory method for transfers of winner's surplus votes. The name is derived from the names
Hare–Clark_electoral_system
Single-winner electoral system
instant-runoff procedure to create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson's method and Baldwin's method. Both methods are designed to satisfy the Condorcet
Nanson's_method
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
under the plurality-with-elimination family of voting methods, and is thus closely related to methods like the two-round system and party primary. Instant-runoff
Instant-runoff_voting
Rule for proportional allocation
The highest averages, divisor, or divide-and-round methods are a family of apportionment rules, i.e. algorithms for fair division of seats in a legislature
Highest_averages_method
Number of votes a candidate needs to win
most commonly used quota for apportionments using the largest remainder method of party-list representation. It was proposed by Thomas Hare in his first
Electoral_quota
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
tutorial on multiobjective optimization: fundamentals and evolutionary methods". Natural Computing. 17: 585–609. doi:10.1007/s11047-018-9685-y. PMC 6105305
Pareto_efficiency
Family of voting systems
categories: The highest averages method (or divisor method), including the D'Hondt method (also known as the Jefferson method) is used in Armenia, Austria
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
Variant of party-list voting system
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Closed_list
Single-winner ranked-choice voting system
In voting systems, the minimax Condorcet method is a single-winner ranked-choice voting method that always elects the majority (Condorcet) winner. Minimax
Minimax_Condorcet_method
Single-winner electoral system family
The Tideman Alternative method, also called[by whom?] Alternative-Smith voting, is a voting rule developed by Nicolaus Tideman which selects a single winner
Tideman_alternative_method
Voting system
from a single set of ordinal preferences. The two-round system is such a method, because the voters are not forced to vote according to a single ordinal
Two-round_system
Type of sports tournament
where each member of one team plays each member of the other Copeland's method Condorcet method Condorcet criterion Three points for a win, for round robin
Round-robin_tournament
method (voting systems) Coombs' method (voting systems) Copeland's method (voting systems) Crank–Nicolson method (numerical analysis) D'Hondt method (voting
List of mathematics-based methods
List_of_mathematics-based_methods
Political term about incumbents losing elections
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Unseating
Property of electoral systems
ranking-consistent Condorcet method, and no Condorcet method can be winner-consistent. This example shows that Copeland's method violates the consistency
Consistency_criterion
Way to distribute seats in a legislative body
D'Hondt method – higher seats-to-votes ratio for larger parties Droop quota Imperiali quota Huntington–Hill method These apportionment methods can be categorized
Apportionment_(politics)
Criterion that prevents lesser-evil voting
incentive to rank one's favorite last, and the method otherwise does not care where the favorite is ranked, the method passes. Anti-plurality voting thus shows
Sincere_favorite_criterion
Class of voting systems
method until a single candidate remains. The method used to determine the loser is called the base method. Common are the two-round system, instant-runoff
Sequential_elimination_method
Single-winner electoral system
ratings. Although tie votes in STAR Voting are rare, as with any voting method, they can occur, especially in elections without many voters. In most cases
STAR_voting
Single-winner electoral system
Black's method is an election method proposed by Duncan Black in 1958 as a compromise between the Condorcet method and the Borda count. This method selects
Black's_method
Document used to cast votes in an election
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Ballot
Single-winner electoral system
Tideman method, is a ranked voting method that determines a single winner from ballots that rank candidates in order of preference. The method is like
Ranked_pairs
Type of electoral system
majority-preferred winner, and as a result would be elected by any Condorcet method. Candidates are running in a 3-member district of 10 000 voters. Under non-transferable
Plurality_voting
Voting systems using paired comparisons
varies by method. Round-robin methods are one of the four major categories of single-winner electoral methods, along with multi-stage methods (like RCV-IRV)
Round-robin_voting
Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral system
more-intricate single transferable vote (STV) system, and has resulted in the method becoming commonly used for ordering open party lists. In any election, each
Single_non-transferable_vote
Axiom of decision theory and social sciences
scenario above, and thus fail IIA after A {\displaystyle A} is removed. Copeland's method returns a three-way tie, but can be shown to fail IIA by going in
Independence of irrelevant alternatives
Independence_of_irrelevant_alternatives
Single-winner electoral system
The Kemeny method is an electoral system that uses ranked ballots and pairwise comparison counts to identify the most popular choices in an election. It
Kemeny_method
Principle that voting for a candidate should help them
a possibility violates the principle of one man, one vote. Positional methods and score voting satisfy the participation criterion. All deterministic
Participation_criterion
Grouping of candidates for election
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Electoral_list
should not change. Any voting method that counts voter preferences proportionally satisfies homogeneity, including voting methods such as Plurality voting
Homogeneity_criterion
Elections where only a part of the body is elected at a time
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Staggered_elections
Invalid ballot that is not counted
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Spoilt_vote
Property of electoral systems
(when one exists) include Ranked pairs, Schulze's method, and the Tideman alternative method. Methods that do not guarantee that the Cordorcet winner will
Condorcet_winner
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
transferable voting (STV), instant-runoff voting (IRV), Coombs' method, and Baldwin's method – allow for many rounds of counting, often eliminating only one
Contingent_vote
Spoiler effect in RCV and two-round systems
candidate, which means they will be elected by any method compatible with majority-rule. However, in methods that strongly prioritize first preferences, these
Center_squeeze
Class of apportionment methods
rank-index methods are a set of apportionment methods that generalize the divisor method. These have also been called Huntington methods, since they
Rank-index_method
Vote supporting only a single candidate
support for a single favorite. Every voting method that does not satisfy either later-no-harm (most methods) or monotonicity (such as instant-runoff voting)
Bullet_voting
Federal Bundestag election regulation
Hare-Niemeyer method. Due to a change in the law passed in January 2008, the distribution of seats is now made according to the Sainte-Laguë/Schepers method. The
Electoral_system_of_Germany
Phenomenon in electoral systems
total number of seats and recalculating the quota (the largest remainder method was also recommended) to proportionally redistribute the list seats to the
Overhang_seat
Non-proportional electoral system
non-transferable vote, and block plurality voting, is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number
Plurality_block_voting
Partially compensatory electoral system
on the proportion of the votes received by the party (using the D'Hondt method), with the exclusion of a proportion of any first-placed winner's votes
Vote_linkage
Class of ranked-choice electoral systems
geometric one (positional number system) or a harmonic one (Nauru/Dowdall method). The set of weightings employed in an election heavily influences the rank
Positional_voting
Mixed electoral system
portion of a legislature is elected using one method, while another portion is elected using a different method, with all voters participating in both. Thus
Parallel_voting
Droop quota Largest remainder method (supplemental method to using quotas) Multi-round voting (common supplemental method to using absolute majority Pairwise
List_of_electoral_systems
Process of electing more than one winner in the same election / district
refers to electoral systems that elect several candidates at once. Such methods can be used to elect parliaments or committees or boards of directors.
Multiwinner_voting
Accessed June 22, 2017. Aggregate of all polls in the table using Copeland's method. "June 2025 Political Update". EKOS. Retrieved 2025-06-06. "Liberals
Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada
Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada
Single-winner rated voting system
for the city's local elections, becoming the first US city to adopt the method. Score voting is used by the Green Party of Utah to elect officers, on a
Score_voting
Electoral system quota formula
party-list proportional representation when using the largest remainder method. In such cases, the Hare quota gives unbiased apportionments that do not
Hare_quota
Multiple-winner electoral system
100%). If instead the sum of squares must add up to a fixed value, the method becomes quadratic voting. Cumulative voting is semi-proportional, allowing
Cumulative_voting
Votes required to win a seat in proportional systems
Hagenbach-Bischof in the context of STV and not for the largest remainder method. The Droop quota is used in almost all STV elections, including those in
Droop_quota
Electoral pathology or paradox
ranked methods (including Borda and all common round-robin rules) satisfy non-negative responsiveness, as do all common rated voting methods (including
Non-negative_responsiveness
Decision rule that selects alternatives which have a majority
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Majority_rule
Voting method in mixed-member systems
systems were developed at about the same time: The vote linkage compensation method, where not all, but only "wasted" votes get transferred as list votes to
Mixed_single_vote
Property of electoral systems
Compliant methods include: two-round system, instant-runoff voting (AV), contingent vote, Borda count, Schulze method, ranked pairs, and Kemeny method. Any
Condorcet_loser_criterion
Proportional-representation ranked voting system
invented by Markus Schulze, who developed the Schulze method for resolving ties using a Condorcet method. Schulze STV is similar to CPO-STV in that it compares
Schulze_STV
Correction method used in some voting systems
political parties partially or wholly based on a proportional allocation method such as highest averages or largest remainder. The difference is whether
Compensation (electoral systems)
Compensation_(electoral_systems)
Single-winner electoral system
tie-breaking procedure. Graduated majority judgment uses a simple line-drawing method to break ties. This rule is easier to explain than others such as majority
Graduated_majority_judgment
Property of electoral systems
contingent vote, Young's method, first past the post, and Black fail, even though they pass the majority-favorite criterion. The Schulze method, ranked pairs, instant-runoff
Mutual_majority_criterion
Individual voter's first choice
Methods like Condorcet voting, rated voting, and the Borda count do not exhibit such effects. Methods like anti-plurality voting and Coombs' method have
First-preference_vote
Function that ranks states of society according to their desirability
order is not the same as the elimination order for sequential elimination methods: despite being eliminated first, Center is the runner-up in this election
Social_welfare_function
Index of articles associated with the same name
minimax, Kemeny–Young, Copeland's method, plurality, and the two-round system all fail the independence of clones criterion. Voting methods that limit the number
Voting_criteria
American music and entertainment executive
novel methods used to popularize them enabled Copeland to found I.R.S. Records through a deal with A&M Records. Copeland owns and operates CIA (Copeland International
Miles_Copeland_III
Single-winner cardinal voting system
Moreover, any method satisfying both participation and either stepwise-continuity or the Archimedean property is a point-summing method. This result is
Majority_judgment
Property of electoral systems
of voters, that candidate must win. Some methods that comply with this criterion include any Condorcet method, instant-runoff voting, Bucklin voting, plurality
Majority_winner_criterion
Electoral or law making voting system
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Weighted_voting
Mixed electoral system with compensation
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive ballot
Alternative_vote_plus
Election strategy
factional group, but instead affecting another group. This can occur in Copeland's method. Politics portal Green-Armytage, James (2014). "Strategic voting and
Strategic_nomination
the Act of 3 June 2021" (PDF). 3 June 2021. Schulze, Markus. "The Schulze Method of Voting". Mixed single vote Mixed-member proportional representation Scorporo
Mixed ballot transferable vote
Mixed_ballot_transferable_vote
British-American music promoter
Their methods, once scorned, are now imitated. It is fitting that we pay tribute to the Copeland Brothers and their pioneering spirit. Copeland published
Ian_Copeland
Method of counting ballots following elections
The method of equal shares (MES) is a participatory budgeting algorithm specifically designed to guarantee extended justified representation (a form of
Method_of_equal_shares
voting was introduced in Western Australia in 1877, followed by an improved method in South Australia in 1890. On the other hand, concerns about postal voting
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Multiple-winner electoral system
Single transferable vote Sainte-Laguë method D'Hondt method Brams, Steven; Brill, Markus (2018). "The Excess Method: A Multiwinner Approval Voting Procedure
Sequential proportional approval voting
Sequential_proportional_approval_voting
Multiple-winner electoral system
for multiwinner elections. It is a multiwinner approval method that extends the D'Hondt method of apportionment commonly used to calculate apportionments
Proportional_approval_voting
Personalized list proportional voting system
list system when using traditional paper-based voting are as follows: One method (used in Belgium and the Netherlands) is to have a large ballot paper with
Open_list
Form of voting that allows delegation
receipt to indicate the validation or invalidation of their request. This method is allowed instead or early or mail voting. Proxy voting was intensely used
Proxy_voting
Class of electoral systems
all three seats in the first round, so this method does not give proportional representation. The method was proposed by Condorcet in 1793, and was reported
Bucklin_voting
COPELANDS METHOD
COPELANDS METHOD
Boy/Male
Tamil
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : variant of Copeland.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Surname or Lastname
English
English : Reaney identifies this as a habitational name from Roselands Farm in Ulcombe, Kent. However, he gives only one (late) citation, and the surname, if it exists at all in the United Kingdom, is now very rare.Americanized form of Norwegian Røys(e)land, a habitational name from about 30 farmsteads, many in Agder, named from Old Norse reysi ‘heap of stones’ + land ‘land’, ‘farmstead’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Muslim
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English lang, long ‘long’ + strete ‘road’.Translation of Dutch Langestraet, cognate with 1.The confederate general James Longstreet (1821–1904), was born in SC, came from an old Dutch family in New Netherland with the name Langestraet; he was the nephew of Augustus B. Longstreet, a Methodist clergyman born in Augusta, GA, in 1790.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : habitational name from a place so called in Hatherleigh, Devon.The Methodist Robert Strawbridge was born in Drummersnave (now Drumsna), near Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim, Ireland. Some time between 1759 and 1766 he emigrated to MD and settled on Sam’s Creek, Frederick Co.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
Male
Greek
(Μεθόδιος) Greek name derived from methodos, METHODIOS means "method."
Boy/Male
English American
From the west meadow. John and Charles Wesley were the founders of Methodism.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of German Albrecht.English
Americanized form of German Albrecht.English : from a medieval variant of the personal name Albert.Jacob Albright (1759–1808), a prominent Methodist preacher, was born in Pottstown, PA, the son of a German immigrant called Johann Albrecht.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vedhanth | வேதாநà¯à®¤
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Vedhanth | வேதாநà¯à®¤
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin) and French
English (of Norman origin) and French : status name for a professional champion, especially an agent employed to represent one of the parties in a trial by combat, a method of settling disputes current in the Middle Ages. The word comes from Old French champion, campion (Late Latin campio, genitive campionis, a derivative of campus ‘plain’, ‘field of battle’). Compare Campion, Kemp.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Muslim
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
COPELANDS METHOD
COPELANDS METHOD
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ram Hasit | ராம  ஹஸிதÂ
Lord Rama, God, Supreme spirit, Charming
Boy/Male
Sikh
One who hears the celestial music
Boy/Male
Greek
Farmer.
Boy/Male
Indian
Joyful Person
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Son of the man who lives by the clear stream.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Hindu, Indian
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Muslim
Flaming, Bright
Female
Scottish
Scottish Gaelic form of Greek Eva, EUBHA means "life."
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian
Form of Yannis; Gift of God; The Lord is Gracious; Moon
Girl/Female
Muslim
Elegance
COPELANDS METHOD
COPELANDS METHOD
COPELANDS METHOD
COPELANDS METHOD
COPELANDS METHOD
a.
Alt. of Methodical
a.
Alt. of Methodistical
a.
Proceeding with regard to method; systematic.
n.
A piece of ground terminating in a point or acute angle.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Methodize
v. t.
To reduce to method; to dispose in due order; to arrange in a convenient manner; as, to methodize one's work or thoughts.
n.
One who methodizes.
a.
Of or pertaining to the ancient school of physicians called methodists.
n.
One of a sect of Christians, the outgrowth of a small association called the "Holy Club," formed at Oxford University, A.D. 1729, of which the most conspicuous members were John Wesley and his brother Charles; -- originally so called from the methodical strictness of members of the club in all religious duties.
imp. & p. p.
of Methodize
n.
Classification; a mode or system of classifying natural objects according to certain common characteristics; as, the method of Theophrastus; the method of Ray; the Linnaean method.
n.
One who observes method.
n.
The system of doctrines, polity, and worship, of the sect called Methodists.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sect of Methodists; as, Methodist hymns; a Methodist elder.
a.
Of or pertaining to methodology.
n.
The science of method or arrangement; a treatise on method.
a.
Of or pertaining to methodists, or to the Methodists.
n.
The act or process of methodizing, or the state of being methodized.
a.
Arranged with regard to method; disposed in a suitable manner, or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical observation; as, the methodical arrangement of arguments; a methodical treatise.
n.
The art and principles of method.