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Experimental technique in physics
Muon spin spectroscopy, also known as μSR, is an experimental technique based on the implantation of spin-polarized muons in matter and on the detection
Muon_spin_spectroscopy
Laboratory technique
resonance (NMR) spectroscopy Related methods of nuclear spectroscopy: Mössbauer effect Muon spin spectroscopy Perturbed angular correlation Charles P. Slichter
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy
Degree to which a particle's spin aligns with a given direction
numerous potential applications. Polarized neutron scattering or muon spin spectroscopy. Spin polarization of electrons or of nuclei, often called simply magnetization
Spin_polarization
Subatomic particle
the muon has a corresponding antiparticle of opposite charge (+1 e) but equal mass and spin: the antimuon (also called a positive muon). Muons are denoted
Muon
Phase of matter
quantum spin liquid compound was first thoroughly mapped using muon spin spectroscopy. Herbertsmithite is one of the most extensively studied QSL candidate
Quantum_spin_liquid
Type of atom
study it using muon spin spectroscopy (μSR), a magnetic resonance technique analogous to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or electron spin resonance (ESR)
Muonium
Using nucleus properties to probe material properties
spectroscopy Perturbed angular correlation (PAC, TDPAC, PAC spectroscopy) Muon spin spectroscopy Nuclear orientation Channeling Nuclear reaction analysis
Nuclear_spectroscopy
Ratio of magnetic moment and angular momentum
magnetic moment resulting from the muon's spin, S is the spin angular momentum, and mμ is the muon mass. That the muon g-factor is not quite the same as
G-factor_(physics)
Distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor
temperature dependence. London penetration depth can be measured by muon spin spectroscopy when the superconductor does not have an intrinsic magnetic constitution
London_penetration_depth
Topics referred to by the same term
the game of rugby union in Santa Fe, Argentina μSR, Muon Spin Rotation or muon spin spectroscopy USSR (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists
USR
Intrinsic quantum property of particles
include: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in chemistry; Electron spin resonance (ESR or EPR) spectroscopy in chemistry and physics; Magnetic resonance
Spin_(physics)
Swiss federal research institute
materials scientists use them for muon spin spectroscopy experiments. PSI is the only place in the world where a muon beam of sufficient intensity is available
Paul_Scherrer_Institute
E Gamma experiment at PSI Mu3e experiment at PSI Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy at PSI TWIST experiment at TRIUMF Various ISAC experiments at TRIUMF
Maximum Integrated Data Acquisition System
Maximum_Integrated_Data_Acquisition_System
Technique in spectroscopy
a spectroscopy technique used to characterize atomic-level structure and dynamics in solid materials. ssNMR spectra are broader due to nuclear spin interactions
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance
Branch of physics
radioactive probes as in the case of muon spin spectroscopy ( μ {\displaystyle \mu } SR), Mössbauer spectroscopy, β {\displaystyle \beta } NMR and perturbed
Condensed_matter_physics
Neutron scattering technique
Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is an inelastic neutron scattering technique invented by Ferenc Mezei in the 1970s and developed in collaboration with John
Neutron_spin_echo
Mathematical approach to quantum physics
mechanical phenomenon Fermi's golden rule – Transition rate formula Muon spin spectroscopy – Experimental technique in physics Perturbed angular correlation
Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics)
English physics research facility
The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source is a pulsed neutron and muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) of the Science and Technology Facilities
ISIS_Neutron_and_Muon_Source
Isotope of hydrogen with one neutron
Integrated Infrastructure Initiative for Neutron Scattering and Muon Spectroscopy (NMI3). Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 23
Deuterium
Particle physics experiment
NA58 experiment, or COMPASS (standing for "Common Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy") is a 60-metre-long fixed-target experiment at
COMPASS_experiment
American physicist
worked for NASA on research related to medium-energy physics and muon spin spectroscopy. He was a co-principal investigator on another NASA-supported research
James_C._Davenport
Elementary subatomic particle with negative electric charge
a spin of 1/2. Like the electron, the muon, and the three neutrinos, the tau is a lepton, and like all elementary particles with half-integer spin, the
Tau_(particle)
Type of magnetic state
; Hirai, D.; Hiroi, Z. "Nonmagnetic Ground State in RuO2 Revealed by Muon Spin Rotation". Physical Review Letters. 132 166702. arXiv:2403.10028. doi:10
Altermagnetism
See also References μSR – see muon spin spectroscopy χ – see magnetic susceptibility AAS – Atomic absorption spectroscopy AED – Auger electron diffraction
List of materials analysis methods
List_of_materials_analysis_methods
Subatomic particle; made of equal numbers of quarks and antiquarks
mass of the electron. Yukawa or Carl David Anderson, who discovered the muon, had originally named the particle the "mesotron", but he was corrected by
Meson
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
create neutrinos in one of three leptonic flavors: electron neutrino, ν e; muon neutrino, ν μ and tau neutrino, ν τ. Each flavor is associated with the correspondingly
Neutrino
Chemical compound
Mössbauer spectroscopy. This phase transition was also suggested to be a result of a change in the crystal structure of NpO2, but muon spin spectroscopy showed
Neptunium(IV)_oxide
Hadron (subatomic particle) that is composed of three quarks
Baryons are also classified as fermions because they have half-integer spin. The name "baryon", introduced by Abraham Pais, comes from the Greek word
Baryon
Chemical compound
phenomena. The compound is also studied using neutron scattering, muon spin spectroscopy (μSR), AC susceptibility, and calorimetry to understand emergent
Dysprosium_stannate
Elementary particle with negative charge
generation contain charged leptons, the muon and the tau, which are identical to the electron in charge, spin and interactions, but are more massive.
Electron
facilities in the fields of neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy. "Time of flight (TOF) spectroscopy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-03-29
Neutron time-of-flight scattering
Neutron_time-of-flight_scattering
Smallest unit of a chemical element
same charge. For example, an electron can be replaced by a more massive muon, forming a muonic atom. These types of atoms can be used to test fundamental
Atom
Movement of an object's magnetic moment axis about a magnetic field
magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance, muon spin resonance, and neutron spin echo. It is also important for the alignment of cosmic dust
Larmor_precession
Type of superconductor
static magnetism and superconductivity in SmFeAsO1−xFx as revealed by muon spin rotation". Nature Materials. 8 (4): 310–314. arXiv:0807.4876. Bibcode:2009NatMa
Iron-based_superconductor
Antiparticle of the electron
positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 ħ (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It
Positron
(RMS) charge radius of the proton, as determined mainly by electron and muon scattering experiments, as well as spectroscopic experiments. An important
Shape_of_the_atomic_nucleus
Particle and Nuclear Physics
muon decay Muon capture in hydrogen Muon channel Muonic and pionic x-rays Pion scattering Nucleon scattering Muon spin resonance for solid-state work: Metals
Synchro-Cyclotron_(CERN)
Elementary particle or quantum of light
PMID 9115730. S2CID 2414593. Lakowicz, J. R. (2006). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Springer. pp. 529 ff. ISBN 978-0-387-31278-1. Jennewein, T.; Achleitner
Photon
Ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum
Levitt, M.H. (2008). Spin Dynamics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN 978-0470511176. Palmer, Arthur G. (2007). Protein NMR Spectroscopy. Elsevier Academic Press
Gyromagnetic_ratio
Hypothetical elementary particle
magnetoelectric effect. Evidence for this effect has been given in THz spectroscopy experiments performed at the Johns Hopkins University on quantum regime
Axion
Subatomic particle with no charge
"neutron background" is caused by muons produced by cosmic ray interaction with the atmosphere. These high-energy muons are capable of penetration to considerable
Neutron
1956 nuclear physics experiment on weak force parity conservation
parity". Objects spinning clockwise appear to spin counterclockwise in their mirror image. The Wu experiment created an atomic system with spin, then compared
Wu_experiment
Tests of special relativity
Bennett; et al. (2008). "Search for Lorentz and CPT Violation Effects in Muon Spin Precession". Physical Review Letters. 100 (9) 091602. arXiv:0709.4670
Modern searches for Lorentz violation
Modern_searches_for_Lorentz_violation
Canadian-American theoretical physicist (1925–2016)
annihilation, spin-flip synchrotron radiation and the polarization of electrons in a storage ring, and, after November 1974, the spectroscopy of the charm–anticharm
John David Jackson (physicist)
John_David_Jackson_(physicist)
British scientific research laboratory
this linear accelerator are still operating as part of the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source injector linac over 50 years after their first use. Since then the
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Rutherford_Appleton_Laboratory
muon while he studied cosmic radiation; 1936 Alexandru Proca formulates the relativistic quantum field equations for a massive vector meson of spin-1
Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics
Timeline_of_atomic_and_subatomic_physics
Exotic particle made of an antiproton and positron
neutrons or protons, resulting in high-energy pions, that quickly decay into muons, neutrinos, positrons, and electrons. If antihydrogen atoms were suspended
Antihydrogen
European consortium of 18 partner organisations from 12 countries, including all major facilities in the fields of neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy
Neutron_research_facility
Quasiparticle of charge oscillations in condensed matter
integration. Surface plasmons can play a role in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and in explaining anomalies in diffraction from metal gratings (Wood's
Plasmon
Physical phenomenon
triple-axis spectroscopy, neutron backscattering). Monochromatization is not needed in echo techniques (neutron spin echo, neutron resonance spin echo), which
Neutron_scattering
Type of quark
original on 4 October 2006. Herb, S.W.; et al. (1977). "Observation of a di-muon resonance at 9.5 GeV in 400 GeV proton–nucleus collisions". Physical Review
Top_quark
Particle physics laboratory in South Korea
high-temperature superconductors, and topological insulators. Muon Spin Relaxation (μSR): Use muons to research superconductivity, nano-magnetism, and topological
RAON
Triple-axis spectrometry (TAS, three axis spectroscopy) is a technique used in conjunction with inelastic neutron scattering. The instrument is referred
Neutron triple-axis spectrometry
Neutron_triple-axis_spectrometry
Bound state of three charged particles
negatively charged trion is a singlet (total spin of two electrons S=0). The triplet state (total spin of two electrons S=1) is unbound in the absence
Trion_(physics)
Type of quark
when proton-nucleon collisions produced bottomonium decaying to pairs of muons. The discovery was confirmed about a year later by the PLUTO and DASP2 Collaborations
Bottom_quark
Subatomic particle with positive charge
hydrogen (an exotic atom made of a proton and a negatively charged muon). As a muon is 200 times heavier than an electron, resulting in a smaller atomic
Proton
Meson with total spin 1 and odd parity
also have a total spin 1 but instead have even parity. The vector and pseudovector mesons are also dissimilar in that the spectroscopy of vector mesons
Vector_meson
Type of quark
quantum number. At the time, there were four known leptons—the electron, the muon, and each of their neutrinos—but Gell-Mann initially proposed only three
Charm_quark
Particle physics laboratory in Canada
of positive muons are created with their spins lined up in the same direction. When these beams are shot into a material, the muons' spins precess (wobble
TRIUMF
Superconductive behavior at temperatures much higher than absolute zero
coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6+x detected by muon spin rotation". Physical Review Letters. 93 (20) 207001. arXiv:cond-mat/0403608
High-temperature superconductivity
High-temperature_superconductivity
In physics, proton and neutron magnetism
Drell, S.; Pagels, H. R. (1965). "Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron, Muon, and Nucleon" (PDF). Physical Review. 140 (2B): B397–B407. Bibcode:1965PhRv
Nucleon_magnetic_moment
Subatomic particle
transporting antimatter". Hori, M.; et al. (2011). "Two-photon laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium and the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio". Nature
Antiproton
its applications can be found on WEB-site of Neutron Backscattering Spectroscopy and a more recent version of it at http://www.astrosurf.com/heidemann/bsweb/index
Neutron_backscattering
Tendency of matter subjected to an electric field to acquire an electric dipole moment
Electrodynamics (Wiley, New York, 1962) McHale, J.L. (2017). Molecular Spectroscopy (2nd ed.). CRC Press. Anslyn, Eric; Dougherty, Dennis (2006). Modern
Polarizability
Experiments testing the fundamental assumptions of physics
collaboration) (2008). "Search for Lorentz and CPT Violation Effects in Muon Spin Precession". Physical Review Letters. 100 (9) 091602. arXiv:0709.4670
Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation
Antimatter_tests_of_Lorentz_violation
Krenz, W.; Von Krogh, J.; Lanske, D.; et al. (1973). "Search for elastic muon-neutrino electron scattering". Physics Letters B. 46 (1). Elsevier BV: 121–124
History_of_subatomic_physics
Quasiparticle which is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole
observed for the first time in 2023 through the Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Those particles have been obtained by applying a light to a Mott antiferromagnetic
Exciton
Collective excitation in superfluid helium-4 (a quasiparticle)
helium-4 and Bose–Einstein condensates with long-range dipolar interactions or spin-orbit coupling. The dispersion relation of elementary excitations in this
Roton
American physicist and author
thesis, Time Reversal-Invariance Tests in Muon Capture, explored whether one can use muon capture in spin-polarized muonic hydrogen to examine time reversal
James_K._Freericks
Field of physics that studies atomic interactions
Neutron-degenerate matter Nuclear chemistry Nuclear matter Nuclear model Nuclear spectroscopy Nuclear structure Nucleonica, web driven nuclear science portal QCD matter
Nuclear_physics
Subatomic particle made of a charm quark and antiquark
the mass relations between the J/Psi and other hadrons of the charm spectroscopy. Hadronic decay modes of J/ψ are strongly suppressed because of the OZI
J/psi_meson
Irish-born physicist and academic administrator (1930–2025)
Brillouin spectroscopy), magneto-optics (Zeeman effect), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and muon spin resonance
William_Hayes_(academic)
Conceptual opposite of an electron
leaves a hole in its old state. This meaning is used in Auger electron spectroscopy (and other x-ray techniques), in computational chemistry, and to explain
Electron_hole
Hypothetical scalar particle that couples to matter more weakly than gravity
Saul, H.; Schmidt, U.; Abele, H. (Apr 16, 2014). "Gravity Resonance Spectroscopy Constrains Dark Energy and Dark Matter Scenarios". Physical Review Letters
Chameleon_particle
produce muons for catalyzing fusion of deuterium.[citation needed] It is also commonly used as a positron source in positron annihilation spectroscopy. Sodium-23
Isotopes_of_sodium
Fermion that is its own antiparticle
concept goes back to Majorana's suggestion in 1937 that electrically neutral spin- 1 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}} particles can be described by a real-valued
Majorana_fermion
and Modeling. 57 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00571 ISISNeutronMuon/MDANSE. GitHub. https://github.com/ISISNeutronMuon/MDANSE Retrieved 2026-05-06.
MDANSE
Type of strange baryon
searches for CP violation, measurements of spin, studies of excited states (commonly referred to as spectroscopy), and hunts for exotic forms such as pentaquarks
Hyperon
Japanese research organization
overseas, including: in 1984, the Life Science Center in Tsukuba in 1995, the Muon Research Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK in 1997
Riken
Type of radioactive decay
number of electrons and their associated neutrinos (other leptons are the muon and tau particles). These particles have lepton number +1, while their antiparticles
Beta_decay
Exotic hadron containing seven quarks or antiquarks
2012. p. 606. ISBN 978-1-4649-6365-0. Retrieved 23 June 2020. Hadron Spectroscopy. American Institute of Physics. 2003. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-7354-0197-6
Heptaquark
Free neutrons stored in very small traps
different masses accelerate at the same rate in a gravitational field. UCN spectroscopy has been used to limit scenarios including dark energy, chameleon fields
Ultracold_neutrons
Hypothetical force carrier particle connected to dark matter
between the measured and the calculated anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, although the simplest realisations of this idea are now in conflict with
Dark_photon
moment: Why is the experimentally measured value of the muon's anomalous magnetic dipole moment ("muon g − 2") significantly different from the theoretically
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Quasiparticle in condensed matter physics
D0 and D− centres, constitute the most complete and detailed polaron spectroscopy realised in the literature. In GaAs/AlAs quantum wells with sufficiently
Polaron
Symmetry of spatially mirrored systems
and charge conjugation in meson decays: The magnetic moment of the free muon". Physical Review. 105 (4): 1415–1417. Bibcode:1957PhRv..105.1415G. doi:10
Parity_(physics)
Subatomic particles composed of an odd number of quarks
Garcilazo; J. Vijande & A. Valcarce (2007). "Faddeev study of heavy-baryon spectroscopy". Journal of Physics G. 34 (5): 961–976. arXiv:hep-ph/0703257. doi:10
List_of_baryons
High-energy particle, mainly originating outside the Solar System
primary cosmic rays in the atmosphere swiftly decay, emitting muons. Unlike pions, these muons do not interact strongly with matter, and can travel through
Cosmic_ray
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
Oppenheimer. Due to the subsequent development of the Standard Model, the muon is now considered to be a lepton and not a meson. Cassidy 2005, p. 2. Pais
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
History and future of the universe
anti-hadrons annihilate each other leaving leptons (such as the electron, muons and certain neutrinos) and antileptons, dominating the mass of the universe
Chronology_of_the_universe
Network European Geosciences Union European Journal of Physics European Muon Collaboration European Nuclear Society European Optical Society European
Index_of_physics_articles_(E)
neutron detection experiments is the trademark experiment of the European Muon Collaboration, first performed at CERN and now termed the "EMC experiment
Neutron_detection
Rashid Munir Ahmad Khan Munir Nayfeh Munroe effect Muon Muon-catalyzed fusion Muon capture Muon collider Muon neutrino Muonium Murray Batchelor Murray Gell-Mann
Index_of_physics_articles_(M)
Scientific background leading to the discovery of subatomic particles
positron in 1932 were the start of the discoveries of many new particles. Muons were discovered in 1936, pions and kaons were discovered in 1947, and lambda
Discovery_of_the_neutron
Material composed of antiparticles
electrons, positrons and neutrinos (cf. muon decay; the neutrinos from this decay carry about 2/3 of the energy of the muons, meaning that from the original charged
Antimatter
Nuclear device not intended for power or weapons
and Training Reactors, Inc. NMI3 - EU-FP7 Integrated Infrastructure Initiative for Neutron Scattering and Muon Spectroscopy Portals: Energy Switzerland
Research_reactor
Symbols for constants, special functions
dynamic viscosity in physics magnetic permeability in electromagnetics a muon reduced mass the ion mobility in plasma physics the Standard gravitational
Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering
List of experiments at CERN, Switzerland
Area (WA experiments), Underground Area (UA experiments), and the Endcap MUon detectors (EMU experiments). The UA1 and UA2 experiments famously detected
List of Super Proton Synchrotron experiments
List_of_Super_Proton_Synchrotron_experiments
Technique to investigate atomic structures using neutron scattering
diffraction Integrated Infrastructure Initiative for Neutron Scattering and Muon Spectroscopy (NMI3) - a European consortium of 18 partner organisations from 12
Neutron_diffraction
Chinese-American physicist (1912–1997)
and charge conjugation in meson decays: the magnetic moment of the free muon" (PDF). Physical Review. 105 (4): 1415–1417. Bibcode:1957PhRv..105.1415G
Chien-Shiung_Wu
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