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Canceled U.S. Air Force human spaceflight program
The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was part of the United States Air Force (USAF) human spaceflight program in the 1960s. The project was developed from
Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory
American astronaut (born 1937)
Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. He has spent more than 6,500 hours in the air as either a pilot or an astronaut. The Manned Orbiting Laboratory
Robert_Crippen
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
not launched by a Titan II was the reflight of Gemini 2 for a Manned Orbiting Laboratory test in 1966, which used a Titan IIIC. Gemini 3 used the Mercury
Project_Gemini
Second American Gemini program spaceflight
November 3, 1966, in a test flight for the United States Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. It was launched on a Titan IIIC rocket on a 33-minute
Gemini_2
First space station launched and operated by NASA (1973–1979)
station concept had competed with the Department of Defense's Manned Orbiting Laboratory concept from 1963 to 1969. Skylab was the world's second space
Skylab
of 6 and proceeded to mock-up stage before cancellation. The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was part of the United States Air Force's crewed spaceflight
Human_spaceflight_programs
American photographic and film company
Between 1963 and 1970, Kodak engineers worked on the cancelled Manned Orbiting Laboratory program, designing optical sensors for a crewed reconnaissance
Kodak
active-duty military personnel, and all made flights into space. The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was a semi-secret United States Air Force (USAF) space project
NASA_Astronaut_Group_7
Proposed crewed Venus flyby
Venus Exploration Architecture Studies Manned Venus Orbiting Mission NASA Technical Memorandum - Manned Venus Orbiting Mission Portree, David S. F. (May 31
Manned_Venus_flyby
never intended to be crewed. OPS 0855 was part of a cancelled Manned Orbiting Laboratory project by the United States, while the Genesis stations were
List_of_space_stations
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
Center developed and made two prototypes of the Erectable Torus Manned Space Laboratory which would have been an inflatable space station that rotated
Project_Mercury
American satellite family
OV4 satellites were launched as part of a test flight for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), with two satellites conducting a communications experiment
Orbiting_Vehicle
ISBN 0-671-61101-1. LCCN 89006333. OCLC 19589707. "Air Force to Develop Manned Orbiting Laboratory" (PDF) (Press release). Department of Defense. December 10, 1963
List of space programs of the United States
List_of_space_programs_of_the_United_States
Index of articles associated with the same name
KH-7 Gambit KH-8 Gambit 3 KH-9 Hexagon/Big Bird KH-10 Dorian/Manned Orbiting Laboratory KH-11 Crystal/Kennan KH-12 Improved Crystal/Ikon/Advanced Kennan
Key_Hole
Pressurized spacesuit used in the Gemini program
Cunningham in October 1968. The Gemini suit was looked at for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program (canceled in 1969), and has since been used as the baseline
Gemini_spacesuit
American astronaut (1936–1996)
Overmyer was selected by the Air Force as an astronaut for its Manned Orbiting Laboratory in 1966. Upon cancellation of the program in 1969, he became a
Robert_F._Overmyer
Garment worn to protect a human in space
worn by the Gemini 7 crew for 14 days inside the spacecraft. Manned Orbiting Laboratory MH-7 space suits for the canceled MOL program. Apollo Block I
Space_suit
Astronautica Manned space programs accident/incident summaries (1963–1969) – NASA report (PDF format) The Crash Site of the X-15A-3 Manned space programs
List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents
List_of_spaceflight-related_accidents_and_incidents
Space service branch of the U.S. military
made significant progress in developing the X-20 spaceplane, Manned Orbiting Laboratory, and Blue Gemini, opposition from the Department of Defense prevented
United_States_Space_Force
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
blast crater while orbiting above the lunar surface. Beginning in 2009, NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, while orbiting 50 kilometers (31 mi)
Apollo_program
Launch pad
was originally envisioned to support Titan IIIM rockets and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory. However, these projects were terminated before SLC-6's completion
Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6
Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_6
United States Air Force general (1921–1990)
the National Reconnaissance Office and the vice director of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory. James Thompson Stewart was born St. Louis, Missouri, on 2 April
James_T._Stewart
United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California
accommodate the construction of Space Launch Complex 6 for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. With the annexation, the base reached its final size
Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base
American astronaut (1933–2018)
astronaut. Peterson was originally selected for the Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program, but, when that was canceled, he became a NASA astronaut
Donald_H._Peterson
Planned American expendable launch vehicle
planned American expendable launch system, intended to launch the Manned Orbiting Laboratory and other payloads. Development was cancelled in 1969. The stretched
Titan_IIIM
US air force program
with all-military crews. As with the earlier X-20 Dyna-Soar and Manned Orbiting Laboratory, budget concerns ended the "Blue Shuttle" program, but the USAF
Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program
Manned_Spaceflight_Engineer_Program
California company founded in 1960
the advanced ballistic re-entry system (ABRES), the Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS), and
The_Aerospace_Corporation
Memorial to astronauts who died in the line of duty
his fatal flight. He was also in the United States Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. Robert H. Lawrence Jr., died on December 8, 1967, when
Space_Mirror_Memorial
Historic military launch site at Cape Canaveral
of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program Office". In Outzen, James D. (ed.). The Dorian Files Revealed: The Secret Manned Orbiting Laboratory Documents
Integrate-Transfer-Launch Complex
Integrate-Transfer-Launch_Complex
Group of astronauts selected by NASA in 1966
Selection occurred at the same time as for the second group of Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) astronauts, with many applying to both programs. Successful
NASA_Astronaut_Group_5
U.S. Space Force space development, acquisition, launch, and logistics field command
objectives. However, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara announced the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program, which was assigned to the Space Systems Division by General
Space_Systems_Command
USAF project
2007-07-12 at the Wayback Machine Berger, Carl. "HISTORY OF THE MANNED ORBITING LABORATORY (MOL) PROGRAM" (PDF). NRO. p. 19. Gemini-B Spacecraft Day, Dwayne
Blue_Gemini
American Secretary of Defense (1961–1968)
of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program Office". In Outzen, James D. (ed.). The Dorian Files Revealed: The Secret Manned Orbiting Laboratory Documents
Robert McNamara as Secretary of Defense
Robert_McNamara_as_Secretary_of_Defense
American boilerplate Manned Orbital Laboratory spacecraft
OPS 0855, also designated OV4-3, was an American boilerplate Manned Orbiting Laboratory spacecraft launched in 1966. It was flown to demonstrate the launch
OPS_0855
Proposals that would have extended the Gemini program
astronauts to its proposed space stations, the Manned Orbital Development System and later the Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL). These stations would have been
Advanced_Gemini
Research spaceplane by Boeing
was canceled, the U.S. Air Force announced another program, the Manned Orbiting Laboratory, a spin-off of Gemini. This program was also eventually canceled
Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar
First reused space capsule
prototype of the Gemini B capsule. On 3 November 1965, the first Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) and Gemini B suborbital test mission was launched. It is
Gemini_SC-2
American astronaut (1936–2023)
to apply for either NASA or the United States Air Force (USAF) Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. Mattingly and Mitchell chose the latter and were rejected
Ken_Mattingly
Spaceflight with a crew or passengers
the orbital laboratory". Space. 3 May 2026. Retrieved 9 May 2026. "Style Guide". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2016. "Scientists Discuss Indian Manned Space
Human_spaceflight
US intelligence agency in charge of satellite intelligence
Spies in Space: Reflections on National Reconnaissance and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory; Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance, by Courtney
National Reconnaissance Office
National_Reconnaissance_Office
1983 Space Shuttle Challenger mission
Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program in 1967, but was killed in a flying accident a few months later. The Manned Orbiting Laboratory program
STS-8
United States spacesuit
color allows rescue units to easily spot the astronauts in the case of an Orbiter bailout over the ocean. Underneath the suits, astronauts wear Maximum Absorbency
Advanced_Crew_Escape_Suit
1972–2011 United States human spaceflight program
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and orbiting satellites Human experiments in low Earth orbit (LEO) Carried to low Earth orbit (LEO): The Hubble Space Telescope
Space_Shuttle_program
1982 American crewed spaceflight and final Space Shuttle test flight
transferred to NASA in 1969 after the cancellation of the Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. He had previously served as a capsule communicator
STS-4
American astronaut (1937–2023)
Base, California, and was assigned as an astronaut to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program in 1966. Bobko logged over 6,600 hours flight time
Karol_J._Bobko
American aerospace manufacturer, 1921–1967
John Delta Douglas SASSTO Saturn S-IV stage Saturn S-IVB stage Manned Orbiting Laboratory space station A Douglas Aircraft B-17 assembly line, the one in
Douglas_Aircraft_Company
Topics referred to by the same term
a mathematical method mol, symbol for the SI base mole (unit) Manned Orbiting Laboratory, a project of the United States Air Force's crewed spaceflight
Mol
American test pilot, engineer and astronaut (1930–1967)
was selected to be an astronaut in the United States Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. In July 1966, Major Adams came to the North American
Michael_J._Adams
American astronaut and lunar explorer (born 1935)
selections in progress: one for NASA, and one for the USAF's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. Nominations to NASA had to come through Air Force
Charles_Duke
NASA-led lunar exploration program
and was also designed to carry humans to the Moon, but was never flown manned. SpaceX Starship is also planned to carry humans, and has demonstrated liftoff
Artemis_program
US Air Force satellite
satellites in the United States Air Force's Orbiting Vehicle series on the first and only Manned Orbiting Laboratory test flight. The eighth satellite in the
OV1-6
Experimental inflatable Space Laboratory
The Erectable Torus Manned Space Laboratory (ETMSL) was a cancelled NASA project in development from 1960 to 1962 to create the first space station using
Erectable Torus Manned Space Laboratory
Erectable_Torus_Manned_Space_Laboratory
1981 American crewed spaceflight
capsule was reused in another uncrewed, suborbital test for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) project after significant refurbishment. Also, two X-15
STS-2
Group of American astronauts chosen in 1959
astronaut group the 1962 Collier Trophy at the White House "for pioneering manned space flight in the United States". The Mercury 7 monument at Launch Complex
Mercury_Seven
Sculpture by Paul Van Hoeydonck placed on the Moon
black astronaut and a U.S. Air Force officer selected for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program who was killed in a training accident in 1967, and Michael
Fallen_Astronaut
1982 American crewed spaceflight
to NASA in 1969 after the cancellation of the U.S. Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. Fullerton had previous experience with the Shuttle
STS-3
Division of NASA which trains astronauts
Transfer, no official nickname (astronauts selected from the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program) 1978 Group 8 – "Thirty-Five New Guys (TFNG)" (class included
NASA_Astronaut_Corps
Family of American solid rocket boosters
capability, necessary for crewed rockets such as the Space Shuttle or Manned Orbiting Laboratory, was to be provided by two pyrotechnically triggered ports on
UA120
American space and aeronautics agency
telescopes. Initiated in the 1960s, the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory program comprised NASA's first orbital telescopes, delivering groundbreaking ultraviolet
NASA
Department of the United States government
Space Force Human spaceflight programs Mercury Gemini Apollo Manned Orbiting Laboratory Skylab Space Shuttle Shuttle–Mir International Space Station Commercial
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy
Military unit
programs for which the Air Force was the lead agency, such as the Manned Orbiting Laboratory. The transfer of space medicine to NASA made it apparent by 1970
311th_Human_Systems_Wing
Proposed Soviet combat spacecraft
along with other Soyuz variants to match the United States' Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. Active development of the Soyuz P began in 1964. The
Soyuz_P
American family of spy satellites
KH-4 KH-5 Argon KH-6 Lanyard KH-7 Gambit KH-8 Gambit 3 KH-10 (Manned Orbiting Laboratory) KH-11 Kennen KH-13 (Enhanced Imaging System) Yenne, Bill (1985)
KH-9_Hexagon
Operator of US environmental satellite programs
and the Environmental Data Service. NESDIS has managed operational polar orbiting satellites (POES) since 1966. Additionally, NESDIS has managed operational
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
National_Environmental_Satellite,_Data,_and_Information_Service
Astronauts from NASA's Apollo program
Office of Manned Spaceflight, issued a directive on April 24, 1967, that the mission would be officially recorded as Apollo 1, "first manned Apollo Saturn
List_of_Apollo_astronauts
Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s
module Big Gemini – Proposed U.S. equivalent to the TKS spacecraft Manned Orbiting Laboratory – U.S. Air Force equivalent to Almaz space station "Space Race
TKS_(spacecraft)
SSA system
Network (SSN) detects, tracks, catalogs and identifies artificial objects orbiting Earth, e.g. active/inactive satellites, spent rocket bodies, or fragmentation
United States Space Surveillance Network
United_States_Space_Surveillance_Network
Rocket launch site in Florida, US
ITL was planned to launch the Titan IIIM for the Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program, using it as a testing ground before the operational
Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40
Cape_Canaveral_Space_Launch_Complex_40
United States Air Force general
Division for Manned Systems. He commanded of the Air Force Western Test Range from 1965 to 1967, when he became the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Systems Office
Joseph_S._Bleymaier
Proposed advanced version of the Gemini spacecraft system
3M, Saturn IB, Saturn S-IC/S-IVB. Advanced Gemini Blue Gemini Manned Orbital Laboratory TKS – Soviet heavy resupply spacecraft with a similar hatch-through-heatshield
Big_Gemini
Soviet military space station program
design bureau promoted Almaz as a response to the U.S. Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) project. MOL had been widely publicized in the American
Almaz_program
2nd group of NASA astronauts
1966. Francis G. Neubeck was selected as an astronaut for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program, but never flew in space. Like the Mercury Seven, all
NASA_Astronaut_Group_2
Spaceflight programme in China
The China Manned Space Program (CMS; Chinese: 中国载人航天工程; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zàirén Hángtiān Gōngchéng), also known as Project 921 (Chinese: 九二一工程; pinyin:
China_Manned_Space_Program
United States Navy aviator selected as an astronaut
November 12, 1965, envisaged to fly military Gemini missions in the Manned Orbiting Laboratory project. The project was delayed and eventually terminated. He
John_L._Finley
Device used for untethered spacewalk
which was planning to use the Gemini spacecraft as part of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL). The AMU was a backpack using hydrogen peroxide as the fuel
Astronaut_propulsion_unit
US Air Force satellite
Air Force's Orbiting Vehicle program. A radiation measuring satellite designed to conduct research for the planned Manned Orbital Laboratory project, OV1-2
OV1-2
U.S. government agency regulating civil aviation
"FAA Enterprise Network Services" (FENS) program. The first FAA licensed orbital human space flight took place on November 15, 2020, carried out by SpaceX
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal_Aviation_Administration
Claims that the Apollo Moon landings were faked
being selected as a pilot with the United States Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program, which was canceled in 1969) Thomas Ronald Baron
Moon landing conspiracy theories
Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories
American military medical training school
authors list (link) Manned Orbiting Laboratory Working Group (1 April 1964). Candidate Experiments for Manned Orbiting Laboratory, Vol 1 (PDF). Declassified
United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine
United_States_Air_Force_School_of_Aerospace_Medicine
American scientist, inventor, and entrepreneur (1909–1991)
U-2 program, Corona and Samos photographic satellites, and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory. He was a frequent advisor to President Dwight D. Eisenhower on
Edwin_H._Land
Surname list
the first Black American astronaut and member of the proposed Manned Orbiting Laboratory program of the U.S. Air Force Rosalyn Lawrence (born 1989), Australian
Lawrence_(surname)
Occasionally, the space stations are connected to the planet they are orbiting via a space elevator, a concept which was introduced to science fiction
Space stations and habitats in fiction
Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction
Commercial rocket launch facility in Alaska
Complex (KLC), is a dual-use commercial and military spaceport for sub-orbital and orbital launch vehicles. The facility is owned and operated by the Alaska
Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska
Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_–_Alaska
Set of tracking stations built to support early American space programs
The Manned Space Flight Network (abbreviated MSFN, pronounced "misfin") is a set of tracking stations that was built to support the American Mercury, Gemini
Manned_Space_Flight_Network
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–2016)
Project Management Division of the Navy Field Office for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory from 1964 to 1965. From 1965 to 1966, he attended the U.S. Air
Edgar_Mitchell
Military rocket launch site in Florida
They were the Dyna-Soar, a crewed orbital rocket plane (canceled in 1963) and the USAF Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL), a crewed reconnaissance space
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station
NASA launch facility in Florida
Apollo 8's lunar orbiting mission. The next two missions tested the Lunar Module: Apollo 9 (Earth orbit) and Apollo 10 (lunar orbit). Apollo 11, launched
Kennedy_Space_Center
applications such as the Dyna-Soar spaceplane program and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory. Kennedy also had elevated the status of the National Advisory
Space policy of the United States
Space_policy_of_the_United_States
Uncrewed spaceflight program by NASA
of the landing site measured by satellites currently orbiting Mars. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter also helps this cause in the sense that its cameras
Mars_Exploration_Program
American expendable launch system
of an interest in man-rating the Titan II due to the proposed Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. The primary changes made to resolve pogo were adding
Titan_II_GLV
US government scientific agency
managed polar orbiting satellites (POES). Since 1974, it has operated geosynchronous satellites (GOES). In 1979, NOAA's first polar-orbiting environmental
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration
Habitable artificial satellite
after it, the lunar landing. The Project Olympus space station, or orbiting laboratory of the Apollo program, was proposed as an in-space unfolded structure
Space_station
Development program of the NASA Space Shuttle
Dyna-Soar and Manned Orbiting Laboratory, canceled. This demonstrated its need to cooperate with NASA to place military astronauts and payloads in orbit. The Air
Space_Shuttle_design_process
Month of 1965
Force to develop an American space station, the $1.5-million Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), to be launched by 1968. Such a program, the President said
August_1965
Project Gemini launch facility
March 23, 1965, which carried Gus Grissom and John Young into low Earth orbit. Throughout the entirety of the program, LC-19 was the site of all 12 of
Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 19
Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_19
US infrared satellite early warning system
in 1970. Benefiting from funds released by the cancellation of Manned Orbiting Laboratory, the first launch of a DSP (IMEWS-1 - Integrated Missile Early
Defense_Support_Program
Planned rocket launch pad at Vandenberg Space Force Base
Launch Complex 6 (SLC-6), historically intended to launch the Manned Orbiting Laboratory and the Space Shuttle for the United States Air Force, which was
Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 14
Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_14
Family of launch vehicles used in U.S. Air Force and space programs (1959–2005)
satellite payloads. The Titan IIIM was intended to launch the Manned Orbiting Laboratory and other payloads. Development was cancelled in 1969. The projected
Titan_(rocket_family)
Commercial space launch facility
Virginia Space also applied for and was granted an FAA license to launch to orbit. This led to the establishment of the Virginia Space Flight Center, located
Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport
1983 American crewed spaceflight and maiden flight of Space Shuttle Challenger
Young. Bobko originally became an astronaut for the Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program but later joined NASA in 1969 after the MOL program's
STS-6
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY
MANNED ORBITING-LABORATORY