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Concept in the physics of electromagnetism
In electromagnetism, the magnetic moment or magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity which characterizes the strength and orientation of a magnet or
Magnetic_moment
Intrinsic quantum property of particles
spin can possess a magnetic dipole moment, just like a rotating electrically charged body in classical electrodynamics. These magnetic moments can be experimentally
Spin_(physics)
Object that has a magnetic field
units, the strength of the magnetic B field is given in teslas. A magnet's magnetic moment (also called magnetic dipole moment and usually denoted μ) is
Magnet
Spin of an electron
atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from
Electron_magnetic_moment
Value in quantum electrodynamics
particle. The magnetic moment, also called magnetic dipole moment, is a measure of the strength of a magnetic source. The "Dirac" magnetic moment, corresponding
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
Anomalous_magnetic_dipole_moment
Ratio of magnetic moment and angular momentum
characterizes the magnetic moment and angular momentum of a whole atom, a particle, or a nucleus. It is the ratio of the magnetic moment (or, equivalently
G-factor_(physics)
Magnetic moment of an atomic nucleus
nuclear magnetic moment is the magnetic moment of an atomic nucleus and arises from the spin of the protons and neutrons. It is mainly a magnetic dipole
Nuclear_magnetic_moment
In physics, proton and neutron magnetism
neutron's magnetic moment in 1940. The proton's magnetic moment is exploited to make measurements of molecules by proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
Nucleon_magnetic_moment
Class of physical phenomena
distance varies. Many factors can influence the magnetic field of an object including the magnetic moment of the material, the physical shape of the object
Magnetism
Property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location
electromagnetism, magnetic field is a physical property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location. Magnetic fields deflect moving
Magnetic_field
Magnetic analogue of the electric dipole
its magnetic dipole moment. The magnetic dipole model accurately predicts many properties of small magnets such as the magnetic field it produces, how
Magnetic_dipole
Force due to magnetic field
a planet all have magnetic moments. More precisely, the term magnetic moment normally refers to a system's magnetic dipole moment, which produces the
Force_between_magnets
Relativistic interaction in quantum physics
two effects: the apparent magnetic field seen from the electron perspective due to special relativity and the magnetic moment of the electron associated
Spin–orbit_interaction
Elementary particle with negative charge
magnetic moments of all electrons and the nucleus. The magnetic moment of the nucleus is negligible compared with that of the electrons. The magnetic
Electron
Subatomic particle with no charge
own magnetic moment. Simplistically, the magnetic moment of the neutron can be viewed as resulting from the vector sum of the three quark magnetic moments
Neutron
Physical quantity, density of magnetic moment per volume
magnetic dipole moments in a magnetic material. Accordingly, physicists and engineers usually define magnetization as the quantity of magnetic moment
Magnetization
Smallest unit of a chemical element
possesses angular momentum due to its nuclear spin. The magnetic field produced by an atom—its magnetic moment—is determined by these various forms of angular
Atom
Spectroscopic technique based on change of nuclear spin state
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a strong constant magnetic field are disturbed by a weak oscillating magnetic field
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance
Subatomic particle
observed. The anomalous magnetic dipole moment is the difference between the experimentally observed value of the magnetic dipole moment and the theoretical
Muon
This page lists examples of magnetic moments produced by various sources, grouped by orders of magnitude. The magnetic moment of an object is an intrinsic
Orders of magnitude (magnetic moment)
Orders_of_magnitude_(magnetic_moment)
Weak, attractive magnetism possessed by most elements and some compounds
to their spin, unpaired electrons have a magnetic dipole moment and act like tiny magnets. An external magnetic field causes the electrons' spins to align
Paramagnetism
Study of magnetic properties of chemical compounds
paramagnetic. The magnitude of the paramagnetism is expressed as an effective magnetic moment, μeff. For first-row transition metals the magnitude of μeff is, to
Magnetochemistry
Ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum
in other disciplines) of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol γ, gamma
Gyromagnetic_ratio
American physicist (1898–1988)
nuclear magnetic resonance to discern the magnetic moment and nuclear spin of atoms earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944. Nuclear magnetic resonance
Isidor_Rabi
Topics referred to by the same term
of charges Electron magnetic moment Nuclear magnetic moment, the magnetic moment of an atomic nucleus Topological dipole moment, the measure of the topological
Dipole_moment
Subatomic particle
for neutron-antineutron oscillations using ultracold neutrons. The magnetic moment of the antineutron is the opposite of that of the neutron. It is +1
Antineutron
Mechanism by which materials form into and are attracted to magnets
overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic moment or, alternatively, its total magnetic flux. The local strength of magnetism in a material
Ferromagnetism
Magnetic field around the Jovian system
an order of magnitude, while its magnetic moment is roughly 18,000 times larger. The existence of Jupiter's magnetic field was first inferred from observations
Magnetosphere_of_Jupiter
Temperature above which magnetic properties change
contributors to the magnetic moment, the electron magnetic moment and the nuclear magnetic moment. Of these two terms, the electron magnetic moment dominates,
Curie_temperature
Subatomic particle with positive charge
(mostly organic) molecules by nuclear magnetic resonance. This method uses the quantized spin magnetic moment of the proton, which is due to its angular
Proton
Electromagnetic phenomenon
their electric dipole moment. The same is true of magnetic dipoles with magnetic fields. Further, the equations for the magnetic dipole are nearly identical
Dipole
Movement of an object's magnetic moment axis about a magnetic field
after Joseph Larmor) is the precession of the magnetic moment of an object about an external magnetic field. The phenomenon is conceptually similar to
Larmor_precession
Dimensionless number that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction
anomalous magnetic moments and of photon recoil in atom interferometry. The theory of QED predicts a relationship between the dimensionless magnetic moment of
Fine-structure_constant
Device that measures magnetism
measures magnetic field (B) or magnetic dipole moment. Different types of magnetometers measure the direction, strength, or relative change of the magnetic B-field
Magnetometer
Degree to which a material becomes magnetized in an applied magnetic field
magnetized in an applied magnetic field. It is the ratio of magnetization M (magnetic moment per unit volume) to the applied magnetic field intensity H. This
Magnetic_susceptibility
Fundamental interaction between charged particles
matter is made of particles with both electric charge and intrinsic magnetic moment it responds to an applied electromagnetic field to produce its own
Electromagnetism
Particle physics experiment
particle physics experiment at Fermilab to measure the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of a muon to a precision of 0.14 ppm, which is a sensitive test
Muon_g-2
Phenomena in quantum physics
it. If a magnet follows a given trajectory in space and time, its magnetic moment follows it through the same trajectory. However, in quantum mechanics
Quantum_Cheshire_cat
disordered local moment (DLM) picture is a method, in theoretical solid state physics, for describing the electronic structure of a magnetic material at a
Disordered local moment picture
Disordered_local_moment_picture
Region around an astronomical object
magnitude, and its magnetic moment is approximately 18,000 times larger. Venus, Mars, and Pluto, on the other hand, have no intrinsic magnetic field. This may
Magnetosphere
Energy from the work of a magnetic force
potential magnetic energy, U m {\displaystyle U_{\text{m}}} , of a magnet with a magnetic moment m {\displaystyle \mathbf {m} } in a magnetic field B {\displaystyle
Magnetic_energy
Solid-state electronics based on electron spin
the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices
Spintronics
Type of structure in atomic physics
nuclear magnetic dipole moment interacting with the magnetic field generated by the electrons and the energy of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the
Hyperfine_structure
Material composed of antiparticles
their component particles produce a magnetic moment. These magnetic moments can interact with an inhomogeneous magnetic field; some of the antihydrogen atoms
Antimatter
Scientific background leading to the discovery of subatomic particles
had an unexpected non-zero value for its magnetic moment. Attempts to measure the neutron's magnetic moment originated with the discovery by Otto Stern
Discovery_of_the_neutron
1922 physical experiment demonstrating that atomic spin is quantized
spatially-varying magnetic field, which deflected them before they struck a detector screen, such as a glass slide. Particles with non-zero magnetic moment were deflected
Stern–Gerlach_experiment
Impurity in a host metal having a magnetic moment
A magnetic impurity is an impurity in a host metal that has a magnetic moment. The magnetic impurity can then interact with the conduction electrons of
Magnetic_impurity
Application of an external magnetic field to a ferromagnet
change the magnetic moment. The magnetization can also change by addition or subtraction of domains (called nucleation and denucleation). Magnetic hysteresis
Magnetic_hysteresis
Subatomic particle
positron, the antimatter analog of the electron, with opposite charge and magnetic moment. The antiproton was first experimentally confirmed in 1955 at the Bevatron
Antiproton
Quantum number parameterizing spin and angular momentum
spin magnetic moment, making the electron act like a very small magnet. As the atoms pass through the in-homogeneous magnetic field, the force moment in
Spin_quantum_number
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts
Earth's_magnetic_field
Quantum mechanical effect
quantum mechanics, magnetic resonance is a resonant effect that can appear when a magnetic dipole is exposed to a static magnetic field and perturbed
Magnetic resonance (quantum mechanics)
Magnetic_resonance_(quantum_mechanics)
Comparison of a wide range of magnetic fields
surface). For the intrinsic order of magnitude of magnetic fields, see: Orders of magnitude (magnetic moment). Note: Traditionally, the magnetizing field,
Orders of magnitude (magnetic field)
Orders_of_magnitude_(magnetic_field)
Effect of a rotating superconductor
The London moment (after Fritz London) is a quantum-mechanical phenomenon whereby a spinning superconductor generates a magnetic field whose axis lines
London_moment
Largest moon of Jupiter
intrinsic magnetic moment, Ganymede has an induced dipole magnetic field. Its existence is connected with the variation of the Jovian magnetic field near
Ganymede_(moon)
German–American physicist (1911–1993)
Willis Eugene Lamb for his accurate determination that the electron magnetic moment was greater than its theoretical value, thus leading to reconsideration
Polykarp_Kusch
Use of magnetic fields to isolate particles or atoms
condensation. The magnetic trap (as a way of trapping very cold atoms) was first proposed by David E. Pritchard. Many atoms have a magnetic moment; their energy
Magnetic_trap_(atoms)
Technique to study materials that have unpaired electrons
Oxford. Every electron has a magnetic moment and spin quantum number s = 1 2 {\displaystyle s={\tfrac {1}{2}}} , with magnetic components m s = + 1 2 {\displaystyle
Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron_paramagnetic_resonance
Topics referred to by the same term
magneton, a physical constant of magnetic moment named after Niels Bohr Nuclear magneton, a physical constant of magnetic moment Parson magneton, a hypothetical
Magneton
Alloy of nickel and iron with low coefficient of thermal expansion
contrast, has a low magnetic moment (ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 μB) and a low lattice parameter. When exposed to a variable magnetic field, this dual-structure
Invar
Study and interpretation of the signatures of the Earth's magnetic field
freezing the magnetic moment of the material in the direction of the local magnetic field at that time. The direction and magnitude of the magnetic field of
Archaeomagnetic_dating
Reducing a spacecraft's unwanted angular velocity
B} is Earth's magnetic field, and m {\displaystyle m} is the torquer magnetic moment. The cross product reveals a limitation of magnetic control: the control
Spacecraft_detumbling
Romanian physicist
Magnetic Moment by M. Planck’s Quantum Theory". After studying Planck’s quantum theory and Langevin’s magnetism theory, he established the magnetic moment
Ștefan_Procopiu
Sixth planet from the Sun
magnetic field, which is weaker than Earth's, but has a magnetic moment 580 times that of Earth because of Saturn's greater size. Saturn's magnetic field
Saturn
Mercury's small magnetic field
the quadrupole moment and the tilt of the dipole moment are completely unconstrained. There have been various ways that Mercury's magnetic field has been
Mercury's_magnetic_field
Suspension of objects by magnetic force
Magnetic levitation (maglev) or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Magnetic force
Magnetic_levitation
Force on an electromagnet when its magnetic moment changes
The magnetic radiation reaction force is a force on an electromagnet when its magnetic moment changes. One can derive an electric radiation reaction force
Magnetic radiation reaction force
Magnetic_radiation_reaction_force
Quantum field theory of electromagnetism
its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen
Quantum_electrodynamics
Component of an atomic nucleus
charge, it should have no magnetic moment. The value of the neutron's magnetic moment is negative because the direction of the moment is opposite to the neutron's
Nucleon
Variation in resonant frequency of identical atomic nuclei in a magnetic field
possess a magnetic moment (nuclear spin), which gives rise to different energy levels and resonance frequencies in a magnetic field. The total magnetic field
Chemical_shift
Hypothetical particle with one magnetic pole
explained not by magnetic monopole fluids, but rather by a combination of electric currents, the electron magnetic moment, and the magnetic moments of other
Magnetic_monopole
Unit of magnetic moment
μB) is a physical constant and the natural unit for expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by its orbital or spin angular momentum. In SI
Bohr_magneton
Verifying quantum electrodynamics by measuring the fine-structure constant
measurement of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment, and A precise theoretical calculation of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment in terms of α. As of February
Precision_tests_of_QED
Mathematical function, used to describe magnetization
it may either align its magnetic moment with the magnetic field or against it. So the only possible values of magnetic moment are then μ B {\displaystyle
Brillouin and Langevin functions
Brillouin_and_Langevin_functions
Relation of magnetization to applied magnetic field and temperature
Each particle has a magnetic moment given by μ → {\displaystyle {\vec {\mu }}} . The energy of a magnetic moment in a magnetic field is given by E =
Curie's_law
Ability of magnetization
thus changing the magnetic dipole moment in the direction opposing the external field. Diamagnets are materials with a magnetic permeability less than
Permeability (electromagnetism)
Permeability_(electromagnetism)
German–American physicist (1888–1969)
the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton." Otto Stern was born on 17 February 1888 in Sohrau (now
Otto_Stern
Metal alloy
their electronic structures: taenite has a high magnetic moment whereas antitaenite has a low magnetic moment. This difference in electronic structure was
Antitaenite
Arrangement that creates a quadrupole field of some sort
sequence of configurations of things like electric charge or current, magnetic fields, or gravitational mass that can exist in their ideal forms but are
Quadrupole
Direct interaction between two magnetic dipoles
distance-vector from dipole moment m1 to dipole moment m2, with r = ‖r‖. The force acting on m1 is in opposite direction. As an example the magnetic force for two magnets
Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction
Magnetic_dipole–dipole_interaction
Number describing angular momentum along an axis
term magnetic in the name refers to the magnetic dipole moment associated with each type of angular momentum, so states having different magnetic quantum
Magnetic_quantum_number
Type of electromagnetic dipole
electromagnetism, a toroidal moment is an independent term in the multipole expansion of the electromagnetic field which is distinct from magnetic and electric multipoles
Toroidal_moment
American theoretical physicist (1918–1994)
him to calculate unambiguously the first corrections to the electron magnetic moment in quantum electrodynamics. Earlier non-covariant work had arrived
Julian_Schwinger
Major meeting of American physicists led by Robert Oppenheimer in 1947
reported at the conference by Isidor Rabi; a precise measurement of the magnetic moment of the electron, though this was overshadowed by Lamb's work. Marshak
Shelter_Island_Conference
Excitation of a quantum system via magnetism
an experiment is a variation of Stern–Gerlach experiment, in which magnetic moment is measured by finding resonance frequency for the transition between
Magnetic_resonance
Directional dependence of substances' magnetic susceptibilities
there is no preferential direction for an object's magnetic moment. It will respond to an applied magnetic field in the same way, regardless of which direction
Magnetic_anisotropy
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field, depending on how the field changed in the past. Such
Hysteresis
Soviet physicist (1895–1971)
Tamm and Semen Altshuller suggested that the neutron has a non-zero magnetic moment, the idea was met with scepticism at that time, as the neutron was
Igor_Tamm
American physicist, inventor and professor (1911–1988)
measured its lifetime. In collaboration with Felix Bloch, he measured the magnetic moment of the neutron. In 1940, Alvarez joined the MIT Radiation Laboratory
Luis_Walter_Alvarez
Study of the evolution of a material's magnetization
evolution of the magnetization of a material. A magnetic moment m {\displaystyle m} in the presence of a magnetic field H {\displaystyle H} experiences a torque
Magnetization_dynamics
Type of magnetometer
extremely weak magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions. SQUIDs are sensitive enough to measure magnetic fields as low
SQUID
Recording of data on a magnetizable medium
Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetizable
Magnetic_storage
Ability to induce a magnetic moment by stressing a material
between the system's magnetic polarization and mechanical strain. In a piezomagnetic material, one may induce a spontaneous magnetic moment by applying mechanical
Piezomagnetism
American physicist
been known to perform the most precise measurements of the electron magnetic moment by using a single trapped electron. These measurements are the most
Gerald_Gabrielse
combined with the magnetic moment of the electron suggested that atoms with a magnetic moment should show quantized behavior in a magnetic field. In 1922
History_of_quantum_mechanics
Trap using a magnetic field to trap micrometre-seized ferromagnetic beads
{\overrightarrow {B}}} of this magnetic moment in an outer magnetic field: F → = − ∇ → U = { V χ 2 μ 0 ∇ → | B → | 2 in a weak magnetic field 1 2 ∇ → ( m → s a
Magnetic_tweezers
Plasma and magnetic field structure
cylinders elongated in the direction of the magnetic field. Plasmoids possess a measurable magnetic moment, a measurable translational speed, a transverse
Plasmoid
Abrupt boundary between a magnetosphere and the surrounding plasma
_{0}m \over 4\pi r^{3}}} , where m {\displaystyle m} is the planet's magnetic moment, expressed in A ⋅ m 2 {\displaystyle A\cdot m^{2}} . ρ v 2 ≈ μ 0 m
Magnetopause
Spectroscopic technique
information can be obtained on the magnetic properties of the atom, such as its spin and orbital magnetic moment. Using XMCD magnetic moments below 10−5 μB can
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
X-ray_magnetic_circular_dichroism
German physicist (1900–1973)
1920s. With Stern and Otto Robert Frisch, he also first measured the magnetic moment of the proton. Immanuel Estermann was born in Berlin, Germany in 1900
Immanuel_Estermann
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