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Western European kingdom and duchy (855–959)
Lotharingia was a historical region and an early medieval polity that existed during the late Carolingian and early Ottonian era, from the middle of the
Lotharingia
Stem duchy of the medieval Kingdom of Germany
The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, also known as Northern Lotharingia, and alternatively called Lower Lorraine or Northern Lorraine (in titles, also referred
Lower_Lotharingia
Part of East Francia and Holy Roman Empire
founded in 959-965, following the division of the old Stem Duchy of Lotharingia into two separate duchies: Upper and Lower Lorraine, the westernmost
Duchy_of_Lorraine
Counts Palatine of the Rhine, Counts Palatine of Lotharingia, and Elector Palatines
This article lists counts palatine of Lotharingia, counts palatine of the Rhine, and electors of the Palatinate (German: Kurfürst von der Pfalz), the
List of counts palatine of the Rhine
List_of_counts_palatine_of_the_Rhine
State of the Holy Roman Empire (1085–1803)
in what had become the Carolingian kingdom of Lotharingia. Consequently, the Count Palatine of Lotharingia became the most important of the Counts Palatine
Electoral_Palatinate
governments over different regions, since its creation as the kingdom of Lotharingia by the Treaty of Prüm, in 855. The first rulers of the newly established
List of kings and dukes of Lorraine
List_of_kings_and_dukes_of_Lorraine
Countess Palatine of Lotharingia
the Ottonian dynasty, Countess Palatine of Lotharingia by marriage to Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia. Matilda was the third daughter of Emperor Otto
Matilda of Germany, Countess Palatine of Lotharingia
Matilda_of_Germany,_Countess_Palatine_of_Lotharingia
Austrian imperial dynasty
The House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen) originated from the marriage in 1736 of Francis III, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Maria
House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine
State in Western Europe from 843 to 855
Lothair II received the northern kingdom, which later became known as Lotharingia. None of the three sons left a legitimate male heir. The territories
Middle_Francia
King of West Francia from 898 to 922
Simplex), was the king of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–923. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty. Charles
Charles_the_Simple
Dynasty of Lotharingian stock
dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. Named after Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1015 to 1034, they dominated the politics of the middle and lower
Ezzonids
Kingdom within Frankish empire (511–751)
realm of king Lothair II, whose name gave rise to the new term Lotharingia. Lotharingia was divided by the Treaty of Meerssen (870), but reunited by the
Austrasia
843 treaty dividing the Frankish Empire between the grandsons of Charlemagne
Lothair's kingdom. While the north of Lotharingia was then composed of independent countries, the southern third of Lotharingia, Alsace-Lorraine, was traded back
Treaty_of_Verdun
Final Carolingian-dynasty King of East Francia (reigned 899 to 911)
Francia from 899 until his death and was also recognized as king of Lotharingia after 900. He was the last East Frankish ruler of the Carolingian dynasty
Louis_the_Child
11th-century German nobleman
Liudolf of Lotharingia, also Ludolf (c. 1000 – 10 April 1031), was Count of Zutphen and Waldenburg. He was born in Saxony about 1000, the eldest son of
Liudolf_of_Lotharingia
Constituent duchy of the Kingdom of Germany during the 10th century
contrast to the pre-Carolingian tribal duchies) were Bavaria, Franconia, Lotharingia, Saxony and Swabia (Alamannia). The Salian emperors (reigned 1027–1125)
Stem_duchy
State of the Holy Roman Empire (1101–1806)
the Ezzonen, which traced its roots back to the 9th-century Kingdom of Lotharingia, and in the 11th century became the most powerful dynasty in the region
Duchy_of_Berg
Lotharingian noble (c. 850–915)
Rainerus or Ragenerus Longicollus, was a leading nobleman in the kingdom of Lotharingia, variously described in contemporary sources with the titles of count
Reginar_Longneck
Duke of Lorraine (died 939)
of Reginar and the brother-in-law of Emperor Otto I. He was duke of Lotharingia (or Lorraine) until 939. Gilbert was also lay abbot of Echternach, Stablo-Malmedy
Gilbert,_Duke_of_Lorraine
Duke of Lower Lorraine (died 1076)
Preceded by Godfrey the Bearded Duke of Lower Lotharingia 1069–1076 Succeeded by Conrad Margrave of Tuscany 1069–1076 Succeeded by Matilda Preceded by
Godfrey_the_Hunchback
(died 996), called Pusillus or the Slender, was the Count Palatine of Lotharingia, and of several counties along the Rhine, including Bonngau, Eifelgau
Herman I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia
Herman_I,_Count_Palatine_of_Lotharingia
Carolingian emperor from 881 to 887
Carinthia in mid-November 887, Charles was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and the Kingdom of Italy. Forced into quiet retirement, he died of natural
Charles_the_Fat
Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1064 to 1085
II (born 1049; died Echternach, 20 September 1085), Count Palatine of Lotharingia 1064–1085. He was count in the Ruhrgau and the Zulpichgau, as well as
Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia
Hermann_II,_Count_Palatine_of_Lotharingia
Royal consorts in Lorraine
of Guise Duchess of Nemours Duchess of Elbeuf Duchess of Mayenne Duchess of Aumale Over ALL LOTHARINGIA. Over WEST LOTHARINGIA. Over EAST LOTHARINGIA.
List of Lorrainian royal consorts
List_of_Lorrainian_royal_consorts
Queen consort of Poland
Richeza of Lotharingia (also called Richenza, Rixa, Ryksa; born about 995/1000 – 21 March 1063) was a member of the Ezzonen dynasty who became queen of
Richeza_of_Lotharingia
Lorraine noble family
French Maison d'Ardenne) was an important medieval noble family from Lotharingia, known from at least the tenth century. They had several important branches
House_of_Ardenne
Country in Northwestern Europe and the Caribbean
and subsequently were named Lotharingia. After he died in 869, Lotharingia was partitioned, into Upper and Lower Lotharingia, the latter comprising the
Netherlands
Cultural and historical region in France
administrative region of Grand Est. It has its origins in the medieval kingdom of Lotharingia (855–959 AD), named after Emperor Lothair I or King Lothair II, which
Lorraine
1183–1794 northwestern state of the Holy Roman Empire
"region".[citation needed] Upon the 843 Treaty of Verdun it was part of Lotharingia within short-lived Middle Francia, and was ceded to East Francia according
Duchy_of_Brabant
Former State of the Holy Roman Empire and part of the Habsburg Netherlands (1091–1795)
was called Lotharingia. Rorik was granted the right to rule Kennemerland in 862. The 880 Treaty of Ribemont added the Kingdom of Lotharingia (which included
County_of_Holland
Adolf I of Lotharingia, count of Keldachgau, Vogt of Deutz from 1008 until 1018, was the son of Hermann I "Pusillus" (the Little Pfalzgraf), count palatine
Adolf_I_of_Lotharingia
Count of Louvain (c. 1060–1139)
Godfrey I (Dutch: Godfried, c. 1060 – 25 January 1139), called the Bearded, the Courageous, or the Great, was the Landgrave of Brabant, Count of Brussels
Godfrey_I_of_Louvain
Frankish nobleman (died before 923)
Simple of West Francia. From 915 or 916, he was the count palatine of Lotharingia. He was the founder of the House of Ardennes. Medieval historians have
Wigeric_of_Lotharingia
Coastal lowland region in northwestern Europe
of the people were within the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia. After the disintegration of Lower Lotharingia, the Low Countries were brought under the rule
Low_Countries
Absence of feudalism in medieval Frisia
East Frisia 1464 • Disestablished 1498 Preceded by Succeeded by Lower Lotharingia County of Holland Lordship of Frisia Lordship of Ameland Lordship of
Frisian_freedom
Flemish noble
Godfrey III (German: Gottfried, Dutch: Godfried; c. 1142 – 21 August 1190) was count of Louvain (or Leuven), landgrave of Brabant, margrave of Antwerp
Godfrey_III_of_Louvain
Country in Northwestern Europe
boundaries. Most of modern Belgium was in the Middle Kingdom, later known as Lotharingia, but the coastal county of Flanders, west of the Scheldt, became the
Belgium
British writer
trilogy of books on the history of Central Europe: Germania, Danubia and Lotharingia. The second book in the trilogy, Danubia, which deals with the Habsburg
Simon_Winder
Mistress of Lothair II of Lotharingia
Waldrada was the mistress, and later the wife, of Lothair II of Lotharingia. Waldrada's family origin is uncertain. The prolific 19th-century French writer
Waldrada_of_Lotharingia
Duke of Lower Lorraine (c. 953–992/995?)
Troyes. Together he and Adelaide had: Otto, succeeded as Duke of Lower Lotharingia Ermengarde, who married Albert I, Count of Namur Gerberga of Lower Lorraine
Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine
Charles,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine
Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1023 to 1044
Godfrey's incompetent brother Gothelo. This caused a long rebellion in Lotharingia between the allies of Godfrey (the counts of Flanders and Leuven) and
Gothelo_I,_Duke_of_Lorraine
People of Germany
empire were the previously independent kingdoms of Italy, Burgundy, and Lotharingia. The latter was a Roman and Frankish area which contained some of the
Germans
Predecessor of France from 843 to 987
Frankish kingdom. With the 870 Treaty of Meerssen, the western part of Lotharingia was added to West Francia. In 875 Charles the Bald was crowned Emperor
West_Francia
Adolf II of Lotharingia (c. 1002–1041) was count in Keldachgau and Vogt of Deutz, and was the son of Adolf I of Lotharingia, count in Keldachgau, Vogt
Adolf_II_of_Lotharingia
King of Lotharingia from 855 to 869
Lothair II (c. 837 — 7 August 869) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death. He is known for his over ten-year-long divorce case with his
Lothair_II
European title of nobility
It is often associated with the territory within the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, governed by the dukes of Brabant and their successors after 1190 until
Duke_of_Lothier
Country in Western Europe
successively part of the Kingdom of Middle Francia (843–855), the Kingdom of Lotharingia (855–959) and finally of the Duchy of Lorraine (959–1059), which itself
Luxembourg
870 treaty partitioning Lotharingia
August 870, was a treaty to partition the realm of Lothair II, known as Lotharingia, by his uncles Louis the German of East Francia and Charles the Bald
Treaty_of_Meerssen
978–980 war between West Francia and the Holy Roman Empire
and Emperor Otto II, king of East Francia (Germany), over control of Lotharingia. In August 978, Lothair launched a surprise attack on Aachen, the principal
Franco-German_war_of_978–980
European political entity (800/962–1806)
Francia's autonomous stem duchies (Franconia, Bavaria, Swabia, Saxony, and Lotharingia) reemerged. After the Carolingian king Louis the Child died without issue
Holy_Roman_Empire
Count of Malmedy from 1035 and Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1046
Lorraine Coin from the 11th century representing Frederick of Lower Lotharingia, the original is from https://fr.numista.com/347840 Born c. 1003 Died
Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine
Frederick,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine
King of West Francia from 936 to 954
powerful man after the King. In 939, the young monarch attempted to conquer Lotharingia; however, the expedition was a failure and his brother-in-law, King Otto
Louis_IV_of_France
Frankish force of the First Crusade (1096–99)
who died of fever at Jaffa in 1101. The lords from the areas of Lower Lotharingia that were adjacent to Godfrey's lands included the following: Werner
Army_of_Godfrey_of_Bouillon
High noble title
before 922), Count Palatine of Lotharingia and Count in the Bidgau Gottfried (c. 905 – after 949), Count Palatine of Lotharingia and Count in the Jülichgau
Count_palatine
Daughter of Louis the Stammerer
Cunigunda, first in 909 married Wigeric of Lotharingia, count of Bidgau and count palatine of Lotharingia, then in 922 married Ricwin, Count of Verdun
Ermentrude (daughter of Louis the Stammerer)
Ermentrude_(daughter_of_Louis_the_Stammerer)
Fiefdom in the Holy Roman Empire
Before 1085 the land had belonged to Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia. Upon his death, Emperor Henry IV assigned it to Henry III, Count of
Landgraviate_of_Brabant
Frankish monarchs
into the Kingdom of Germany; and Middle Francia became the Kingdom of Lotharingia in the north, the Kingdom of Italy in the south, and the Kingdom of Provence
List_of_Frankish_kings
855 treaty partitioning the Carolingian Empire
the Franks and the capital of Aachen) - this kingdom became known as Lotharingia after its ruler and was the shortest-lived of the three successor kingdoms
Treaty_of_Prüm
9/10th-century ruler of Lotharingia (Lorraine)
(897–906) and then duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine). In 903, Louis the Child, king of Germany, gave him the government of Lotharingia with the title of duke
Gebhard,_Duke_of_Lorraine
Belgian noble
fighting against his old enemy Godfrey "the childless", the Duke of Lower Lotharingia who represented royal authority in the region. One monastic writer, Dietmar
Lambert_I_of_Louvain
Western European kingdom (c. 481–843)
Capetian dynasty, becoming the Kingdom of France, while East Francia and Lotharingia came under the control of the Saxon Ottonian dynasty, becoming the Kingdom
Francia
German count (c. 955–1034)
called Ehrenfried, a member of the Ezzonid dynasty, was Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1015 until his death. As brother-in-law of Emperor Otto III, father
Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia
Ezzo,_Count_Palatine_of_Lotharingia
Count of Louvain and landgrave of Brabant (c. 1110–1142)
Godfrey II (Dutch: Godfried; c. 1110 – 13 June 1142) was the count of Louvain, landgrave of Brabant by inheritance from 23 January 1139. He was the son
Godfrey_II_of_Louvain
King of West Francia from 954 to 986
Lorraine, a region corresponding to the northern half of Lotharingia, separate from the Upper Lotharingia since the late 950. Rewarding Charles, who had questioned
Lothair_of_France
Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire (1166–1801)
France 1797 • to Kingdom of Prussia 1815 Preceded by Succeeded by Lower Lotharingia County of Jülich Roer (department) Cisrhenian Republic Today part of
Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen
Duke of Lorraine from 1115 to 1139
Simon I (1076 – 13 or 14 January 1139) was the duke of Lorraine from 1115 to his death, the eldest son and successor of Theodoric II and Hedwig of Formbach
Simon_I,_Duke_of_Lorraine
Duke of Lower Lorraine
Otto I of Lower Lotharingia Duke of Lower Lotharinia Tenure 993-1012 Predecessor Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine Successor Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine
Otto,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine
Noble family of medieval Belgium
Regnarids, Regniers, Reiniers, etc.) were a family of magnates in Lower Lotharingia during the Carolingian and Ottonian period. Their modern name is derived
Reginarids
King of Poland (r. 1025–1031); Duke of Poland (r. 1032–1034)
in 1013 when he married Richeza, daughter of Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia and niece of Emperor Otto III. Ezzo was a prince of considerable influence
Mieszko_II_Lambert
Queen consort of Lotharingia
Duke of Saxony and Hedwiga of Babenberg. She married King Zwentibold of Lotharingia and at his death in August 900 (when Oda must have been 23), she contracted
Oda_of_Saxony
Archbishop of Cologne; Lotharingian Duke (925–965)
was the archbishop of Cologne from 953 until his death and the duke of Lotharingia after 954. He was the youngest brother of Emperor Otto I. Bruno was the
Bruno_the_Great
Tax raised to pay tribute to Viking raiders
by the local leaders and the people without royal aid or approval. In Lotharingia the Danegeld was only collected once. In 864 Lothair II exacted four
Danegeld
Position of Belgian nobility
the death of Godfrey III, Henry I also became duke of Lotharingia. Formerly Lower Lotharingia, this title was now practically without territorial authority
Duke_of_Brabant
King of East Francia from 919 to 936
Through successful warfare and a dynastic marriage, Henry acquired Lotharingia as a vassal in 925. Unlike his Carolingian predecessors, Henry did not
Henry_the_Fowler
The following is a list of German Gaue which existed during the Middle Ages. It lists the names of the Frankish or German Gaue, many of which are still
List_of_medieval_Gaue
Medieval Frankish stem duchy (906–1168)
form when the northwestern parts of Austrasia became a new realm called Lotharingia. Unlike the other stem duchies, Franconia did not evolve into a stable
Duchy_of_Franconia
10th-century European nobleman
Ansfrid, was a 10th-century count (Latin: comes), who held 15 counties in Lotharingia, a former kingdom which contained the Low Countries and Lorraine, and
Ansfried the Elder, Count in Lotharingia
Ansfried_the_Elder,_Count_in_Lotharingia
King of Lotharingia from 895 to 900
son of Emperor Arnulf. In 895, his father granted him the Kingdom of Lotharingia, which he ruled until his death. Zwentibold was born during the long
Zwentibold
German noble family
status. Since the 9th century, the family counted five Counts Palatine of Lotharingia, several Dukes of Westphalia, Bavaria, Carinthia and Swabia, seven Archbishops
House_of_Limburg-Stirum
put him in constant conflict with the king's loyal representatives in Lotharingia, his relatives in the family known to historians as the House of Ardenne–Verdun
Gerhard of the Moselle, Count of Metz
Gerhard_of_the_Moselle,_Count_of_Metz
King of East Francia from 911 to 918 AD
failed in his attempts to extend the rule of Conradines over western Lotharingia after the death of his uncle, duke Gebhard. After the death of Louis
Conrad_I_of_Germany
Count of Hainaut (c. 920–973)
to quell the rebels in 944. Otto appointed Conrad the Red as duke of Lotharingia, who tried to diminish the power of Reginar. However, when Conrad rose
Reginar_III,_Count_of_Hainaut
King of Upper Burgundy from 888 to 912)
Apparently on the basis of this election, Rudolph claimed the whole of Lotharingia, taking much of modern Lorraine and Alsace - but his claim was contested
Rudolph_I_of_Burgundy
After the death on 20 September 1085 of Hermann II, count palatine of Lotharingia, Henry III of Leuven became landgrave of Brabant, which was an imperial
Duchess of Brabant (by marriage)
Duchess_of_Brabant_(by_marriage)
Duke in the Holy Roman Empire
of his family to become duke of Lower Lorraine (also known as Lower Lotharingia) which roughly corresponded to modern Belgium, southern Netherlands,
Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine
Godfrey_II,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine
881 battle during the Viking invasions of West Francia
of Saucourt did nothing to stop Viking raids, who switched to raiding Lotharingia. Carolingian Empire McKitterick 1999, p. 235. Verhulst 1999, p. 59. Costambeys
Battle_of_Saucourt-en-Vimeu
Name list
Worms (born 801), wife of Conrad II of Transjurane Burgundy Waldrada of Lotharingia (fl. 855–66), the concubine of Lothair II Waldrada of Tuscany (died 997)
Waldrada
Lotharingian nobleman (c. 997–1069)
Godfrey III (c. 997 – 1069), called the Bearded, was the eldest son of Gothelo I, Duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine. By inheritance, Godfrey was Count of
Godfrey_the_Bearded
Rex Francorum
also jointly ruled over eastern parts of Lotharingia. In 879-880, Louis acquired the western part of Lotharingia. In 880, Carloman died and his realm was
Louis_the_Younger
Count of Namur (c. 1027–1102)
he is considered to have played the role of an acting duke of Lower Lotharingia, or "vice duke", during part of his lifetime, while the king's young
Albert_III_of_Namur
Herman I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia 10. Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia 21. Heylwig von Dillingen 5. Richeza of Lotharingia 22. Otto II, Holy Roman
Mieszko_Kazimierzowic
Frankish kingdom from 888 to 933
subsumed his portion of Upper Burgundy into his Middle Frankish kingdom of Lotharingia, while his younger brother Charles received Cisjuran Burgundy and the
Upper_Burgundy
Historical region of the Low Countries (1556–1714)
Lotharingia (855–959) Duchy of Lower Lorraine (from 959) Kingdom of Lotharingia (855–959) Duchy of Lower Lorraine (from 959) Kingdom of Lotharingia (855–959)
Spanish_Netherlands
Series of conflicts between Hungary and other European powers
after the death of Conrad I of Germany, the Magyars raided Saxony, Lotharingia, and West Francia. In 921, they defeated King Berengar's enemies at Verona
Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe
Count in the Ardennes
Charlemagne. His father is most likely Count Palatine Wigeric of Lotharingia, the ruler of Lotharingia, which was a successor state of Middle Francia. Wigeric
Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes
Siegfried,_Count_of_the_Ardennes
Imperial circle of the Holy Roman Empire
Roman Empire. It comprised territories of the former Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, Frisia and the Westphalian part of the former Duchy of Saxony. The circle
Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
Lower_Rhenish–Westphalian_Circle
1353–1797 state of the Holy Roman Empire
a primitive refuge of the Early Middle Ages. By the 959 partition of Lotharingia, the Luxembourg region had passed to Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine
Duchy_of_Luxembourg
9th-century engraved gem
as the Lothar Crystal or the Susanna Crystal) is an engraved gem from Lotharingia in northwest Europe, showing scenes of the biblical story of Susanna
Lothair_Crystal
Part of Medieval Holy Roman Empire
Bavaria, and Swabia, and in the 10th century it consolidated its hold on Lotharingia. In modern geographical terms, it eventually expanded to include modern
Kingdom_of_Germany
Frankish nobleman (fl. 918–922)
Hagano was a petty nobleman (mediocris) who achieved influence in Lotharingia and West Francia during the rule of Charles the Simple (898–922). He was
Hagano
LOTHARINGIA
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LOTHARINGIA
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LOTHARINGIA
LOTHARINGIA
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