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Ancient production techniques
In archaeology, lithic technology includes a broad array of techniques used to produce usable tools from various types of stone. The earliest stone tools
Lithic_technology
via a splitting process known as lithic reduction. One simple form of reduction is to strike stone flakes from a lithic core of material using a hammerstone
Stone_tool
In archaeology, a stone artifact left over from toolmaking
In archaeology, a lithic core is a distinctive artifact that results from the practice of lithic reduction. In this sense, a core is the scarred nucleus
Lithic_core
Scientific analysis of chipped stone artifacts
lithic analysis is the analysis of stone tools and other chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques. At its most basic level, lithic analyses
Lithic_analysis
Portion of rock removed from an objective piece by percussion or pressure
be removed from polyhedral blade cores, another common lithic feature of Paleo-Indian lithic culture. Prismatic blades are often triangular in cross
Lithic_flake
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up lithic or lithics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lithic may refer to: Relating to stone tools Lithic analysis, the analysis of stone tools
Lithic
New World prehistoric projectile
Hamilton, "The Functional Use of Quartz Crystal Points in Clovis Technology", Lithic Technology 51.1, pp. 76-87, 2026 Laub, Richard S., "Interlude 2 The Clovis
Clovis_point
Process of fashioning stones or rocks into tools and weapons
wood, bone or antler), or a wood or antler punch to detach lithic flakes from the lithic core. As flakes are detached in sequence, the original mass
Lithic_reduction
Typological classification of stone tools
typological classification of stone tools. An industry consists of a number of lithic assemblages, typically including a range of different types of tools, that
Industry_(archaeology)
Archaeological period, last part of the Stone Age (New Stone Age)
that figs were the first cultivated crop and mark the invention of the technology of farming. This occurred centuries before the first cultivation of grains
Neolithic
Archaeological site in Morocco
modern developmental pattern." The stone tool/lithic assemblage has been associated with Mousterian lithic assemblages, but more recently has been described
Jebel_Irhoud
Period in African prehistory
may include wood or bone, often abruptly retouched or backed The lithic technologies of the Later Stone Age often fall into Modes 4 and 5. They have been
Late_Stone_Age
Period of technological development
stones like chert, quartz, or obsidian. Blades are a specialized type of lithic flake that are at least twice as long as they are wide. An alternate method
Microblade_technology
Period in African prehistory
site excavation and lithic classification was, until recently, lacking. Unlike northern Africa, shifts between lithic technologies were not nearly as pronounced
Middle_Stone_Age
Type of stone tool
archaeology, a lithic blade is a type of stone tool created during lithic reduction by striking a long narrow flake from a stone core. Lithic blades are generally
Lithic_blade
Prehistoric period, second part of the Stone Age
of life, and the development of more sophisticated and typically smaller lithic tools and weapons. Agriculture is considered as the transition to the Neolithic
Mesolithic
Distinctive type of stone knapping technique used by ancient humans
sophisticated than earlier methods of lithic reduction, involving the striking of lithic flakes from a prepared lithic core. A striking platform is formed
Levallois_technique
Archaeological site
opened more questions and debates about the nature of variation in lithic technology during its first occurrences in the archaeological record. In his
Gona,_Ethiopia
Cave and archeological site in southern Greece
layers of deposits that are seen at the site today. The materials and lithic technology found in Klissoura Cave 1 provide insight into the practices of its
Klissoura_Cave_1
Stone age tool
In archaeology and the field of lithic reduction, a burin /ˈbjuːrɪn/ (from the French burin, meaning "cold chisel" or modern engraving burin) is a type
Burin_(lithic_flake)
Overview of and topical guide to prehistoric technology
(archaeology) Chopper (archaeology) Cleaver (tool) Tool stone Lithic flake Lithic core Lithic reduction Tranchet flake Langdale axe industry Bow and arrow#History
Outline of prehistoric technology
Outline_of_prehistoric_technology
Australian archaeologist
to lithic analysis. He has produced major works developing and refining indices of reduction for retouched flakes. In addition to his work on lithic technology
Peter_Hiscock
Archaeological culture
lived there. Lithic assemblages have been classified as Oldowan in members E and F in the lower Omo basin. Although there have been lithic assemblages
Oldowan
Prehistoric period: Copper Age
illustrate the effects of the introduction of copper working technologies on the in-place systems of lithic craft specialists and raw materials. Networks of exchange
Chalcolithic
Prehistoric period before metal tools
"Stone Age Visiting Cards Revisited: a Strategic Perspective on the Lithic Technology of Early Hominin Dispersal". In Fleagle, John G.; Shea, John J.; Grine
Stone_Age
Earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic
2000s, the Oldowan or Mode 1 horizon, long considered the oldest type of lithic industry, is now considered to have developed from about 2.6 million years
Lower_Paleolithic
Pre-Clovis archaeological site in Texas
making and using the distinctive Clovis "point" and its associated lithic technology were the first to arrive about 13,500 calendar years ago and to have
Gault_(archaeological_site)
Archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic
système technique lithique" [Does the Gravettian exist? The prism of the lithic technical system]. In Marcel Otte (ed.). Les Gravettiens. Civilisations
Gravettian
Prehistoric period, first part of the Stone Age
stone tools. It represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology, extending from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins, c. 3
Paleolithic
Prehistoric culture in the Americas c. 11,100–10,800 BCE
1888188. ISSN 0032-0447. Ellis, Christopher (July 2013). "Clovis Lithic Technology: The Devil Is in the Details". Reviews in Anthropology. 42 (3): 127–160
Clovis_culture
Hypothesis for ancient human migrations to the Americas
their unique lithic technique, migrated to North America along pack ice in the Atlantic Ocean. Once they made it to North America, their lithic technique
Solutrean_hypothesis
Tool to give more leverage when throwing a spear-like projectile
spearthrower technology". British Archaeological Reports. 546. British Archaeological Reports Ltd. Wescott, David, ed. (1999). Primitive Technology: A Book
Spear-thrower
Prehistoric stone tool
hammerstone is a hard cobble used to strike off lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction. The hammerstone is a rather universal
Hammerstone
Subdivision of the Paleolithic, or Old Stone Age
Neanderthals continued to use Mousterian stone tool technology and possibly Châtelperronian technology. These tools disappeared from the archeological record
Upper_Paleolithic
Period of human history before records
archaeology of the Americas it is called by different names and begins with a Lithic stage, or sometimes Paleo-Indian. The sub-divisions described below are
Prehistory
Proposed Upper Paleolithic European industry
Vincent (2017). "Before the transition? The final middle Palaeolithic lithic industry from the Grotte du Renne (layer XI) at Arcy-sur-Cure (Burgundy
Châtelperronian
Library of Australia News. 9 (1): 3–7. Morieson, J., 2003, "Solar-based Lithic Design in Victoria, Australia", in World Archaeological Congress, Washington
Indigenous_Australian_art
(2024). "Deep-rooted Indian Middle Palaeolithic: Terminal Middle Pleistocene lithic assemblage from Retlapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India". PLOS ONE. 19 (8) e0302580
Timeline_of_prehistory
Stone tool
bifacial (with two wide sides or faces) and almond-shaped (amygdaloid) lithic flake. Hand axes tend to be symmetrical along their longitudinal axis and
Hand_axe
Peoples who forage or hunt for most or all of their food
knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized
Hunter-gatherer
Archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic
The Solutrean has relatively finely worked, bifacial points made with lithic reduction percussion and pressure flaking rather than flintknapping. Knapping
Solutrean
Period before the First Dynasty of Egypt
field that dominates much of the landscape. A variety of plant remains, lithic tools, hearths, and grinding stones have all been uncovered during excavations
Prehistoric_Egypt
Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Magdalenian
Archaeological site in Peru
003. ISSN 0033-5894. S2CID 128629096. Lourdeau, Antoine (2015). "Lithic Technology and Prehistoric Settlement in Central and Northeast Brazil: Definition
Huaca_Prieta
Neolithic sculpture found in Turkey
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Seated_Woman_of_Çatalhöyük
Archeological term; material produced during the process of lithic reduction
process of lithic reduction – the production of stone tools and weapons by knapping stone. This assemblage may include the different kinds of lithic flakes
Debitage
Prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a cave in Germany
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Lion-man
Crops native to the New World
the Americas Neolithic founder crops Timeline of agriculture and food technology Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs and Steel. W. W. Norton & Company.
New_World_crops
Classification term given to the first peoples who entered the American continents
Paleo-Indians are generally classified by lithic reduction or lithic core "styles" and by regional adaptations. Lithic technology fluted spear points, like other
Paleo-Indians
Human-made markings on natural stone
was through incision, or scratching, into the surface of the stone with a lithic flake or metal blade. The motifs produced using this technique are fine-lined
Rock_art
Set of ten wooden weapons from the Palaeolithic Age
(December 2015). "The behavioral and cultural stratigraphic contexts of the lithic assemblages from Schöningen". Journal of Human Evolution. 89: 287–297. doi:10
Schöningen_spears
Disputed oldest known musical instrument
The Neanderthal flute was found in the Mousterian level, which contained lithic artefacts and hearths. The flute was cemented into the phosphate breccia
Divje_Babe_flute
Place for a fire to heat the home and to cook food, usually of masonry
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Hearth
Object that reflects an image
glass mirrors in the Middle Ages followed improvements in glassmaking technology. Glassmakers in France made flat glass plates by blowing glass bubbles
Mirror
Aspect of human history
The control of fire by early humans was a critical technology enabling the evolution of humans. Fire provided a source of warmth and lighting, protection
Control of fire by early humans
Control_of_fire_by_early_humans
Transition of human species to anthropologically modern behavior
music and dance, sophisticated hunting strategies, and advanced lithic technologies such as blade production. Rather than representing an absolute boundary
Behavioral_modernity
Axe specifically designed for combat
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Battle_axe
Middle Eastern Neolithic culture
dug up and reburied, or mottled with clay and (presumably) displayed. The lithic industry is based on blades struck from regular cores. Sickle-blades and
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A
Earth blocks for construction
though there is no evidence that this site was the first to use the technology. Evidence suggests that the mudbrick composition at Tel Tsaf was stable
Mudbrick
Fossil site in San Diego County, California
Other critics also cite the lack of lithic artifacts and debris, generally found at sites associated with lithic tool manufacturing, at the Cerutti Mastodon
Cerutti_Mastodon_site
Archaeological site in Louisiana, US
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Watson_Brake
extensive coastlines, lakeshores and river valleys. Later Mesolithic lithic technology and raw material procurement patterns reinforce the scenario of a
Irish_Mesolithic
Mineral made of silicon and oxygen
Retrieved 1 March 2026. Driscoll, Killian (2010). quartz lithic technology history quartz lithic research Ireland chapter 3 (PhD thesis). University College
Quartz
Paleolithic artifact from Congo
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Ishango_bone
European Middle Paleolithic culture
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Mousterian
Type of earth shelter with ancient origins
Edmundsbury Borough Council. ISBN 978-0-95417470-5. Mattes, Matthew (2014). Lithic Design and Technological Organization in Housepit 1 of the S7istken Site
Pit-house
Archaeological culture associated with Homo erectus
it this early is, however, difficult to find.[citation needed] Hand axe Lithic reduction Lower Palaeolithic Ndutu cranium Oldowan Palaeolithic Stone Age
Acheulean
Late Upper Paleolithic culture
Analysis of Large Hamburgian Encampment in Myszęcin, Western Poland". Lithic Technology. 47 (2): 106–116. doi:10.1080/01977261.2021.1967580. ISSN 0197-7261
Hamburg_culture
Prehistoric migration from Asia to the Americas
southwards. Pre-LGM lithic evidence in Siberia indicates a settled lifestyle that was based on local resources, while post-LGM lithic evidence indicates
Peopling_of_the_Americas
Upper Paleolithic culture of Europe
Levantine Aurignacian culture is known from the Levant, with a type of blade technology very similar to the European Aurignacian, following chronologically the
Aurignacian
Images carved on a rock surface as a form of rock art
Houston, Stephen D. (1 October 2004). "The Archaeology of Communication Technologies". Annual Review of Anthropology. 33 (1): 223–250. doi:10.1146/annurev
Petroglyph
Dwelling
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Hut
Surgically drilling a hole in the skull
in neurosurgery and the history of medicine. With the advancement of technology, it became possible to examine and interpret the trepanned skull with
Trepanning
Archaeological culture in Southeast Asia
The Hoabinhian is a lithic techno-complex of archaeological sites associated with assemblages in Southeast Asia from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene
Hoabinhian
Memory aid device
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Tally_stick
Calendar based only on the Moon
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Lunar_calendar
Mesolithic culture in what is now Poland
Joutseno with lithics in imported flint, as well as the Sujala site in Utsjoki in the province of Lapland. The raw materials of the lithic assemblage at
Swiderian_culture
Historical period in Belize, to 2000 BC
that the latter did not intermix with the former upon settlement. Lithic technology during the first part of the Preceramic is characterised mainly by
Preceramic_period_in_Belize
Neolithic culture in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant c. 8800–6500 BC
D. Tell Aswad. Résultats préliminaires des campagnes 2001 et 2002. Neo Lithics 1/03, 7-15, 2003. Stordeur D. Des crânes surmodelés à Tell Aswad de Damascène
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B
Hypothesis about first human presence in the Americas
host to a lithic technology characterized by spear points with an indentation, or flute, where the point was attached to the shaft. A lithic complex characterized
Clovis_First
Period of Arabia before documented history
corresponding technologies. The first mainstream explanation for this is the Levantine hypothesis, which argues that the technologies and animals used
Prehistoric_Arabia
Original agricultural crops
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Founder_crops
Oldest form of prehistoric art
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic
Late Bronze Age artefact made of thin gold leaf
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Berlin_Gold_Hat
Type of stone tool
allowing for the cutting and hacking of an object. This is a unique type of lithic reduction, as only a single side of the stone is retouched to produce the
Chopper_(archaeology)
Ancient causeway in the Somerset Levels, England
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Sweet_Track
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
fossilic records is Homo erectus for much of the Pleistocene. Acheulean lithics appear along with Homo erectus, some 1.8 million years ago, replacing the
Pleistocene
American archaeologist
months at the Lithic Laboratory of the Ohio Historical Society. It was during this period that Crabtree was called upon as an advisor in lithic studies to
Don_Crabtree
Ancient causeway in Somerset, England
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Post_Track
Old Stone Age musical instruments
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Paleolithic_flute
Period in Levantine history
versions of Upper Paleolithic ones, before the introduction of Mesolithic technology around 10,000 years ago. The concept of the "Epipalaeolithic" arrived
Epipalaeolithic
Study of sound and its relation to ancient things
Arthur C. Clarke discussed the idea at a NASA conference on the future of technology in the early 1970s. An episode of Mysteryquest on History called Stonehenge
Archaeoacoustics
Relationship between language and human evolution
novel technologies make it necessary for people to invent new words, but these may lose their function and be forgotten as the technologies are eventually
Origin_of_language
Paleolithic artefact from South Africa
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Lebombo_bone
Indian archeological artifact
of the Middle Son valley, north-central India: Changes in hominin lithic technology and behaviour during the Upper Pleistocene". Journal of Anthropological
Baghor_stone
Late Upper Paleolithic nomadic hunter culture
commonly accepted that the Hamburgian, featured by "Shouldered Point" lithics, is a techno-complex closely related to the Creswellian and rooted in the
Ahrensburg_culture
Neolithic culture of Europe
not in a certain order, we encounter workshop-dwellings for processing lithic material, bones, horns, ornaments, statuettes, etc.)." — Gumelniţa Culture
Gumelnița_culture
Loir-et-Cher (1 My). None of these sites have thus far revealed any evidence of lithic industry which prevents identification of the human species responsible
Prehistory_of_France
Lithic scatter consists primarily of lithic flakes and other stone tool use remnants. Scatter occurs in surface areas that have often been disturbed by
Lithic_scatter
Type of Bronze Age chamber tomb
Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade technology Mining Prepared-core
Clava_cairn
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Cute and Perfect
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Noble humor.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Exciting
Boy/Male
Hebrew, Indian, Malayalam, Tamil
Undefeatable; Gold; Always the Conqueror; Winner
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Master of Justice
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Beautiful Like Pearl
Boy/Male
Hindu
Master of the right way, Master of the right path, Principle
Boy/Male
Hindu
Undefeatable
Girl/Female
Latin
Honest.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu
From the heart, Stream
Boy/Male
English, Latin
King; Emperor
Boy/Male
Hindu
Governor, Moment in time
Surname or Lastname
Polish, German, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic)
Polish, German, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from Polish litwin, an ethnic name for someone from Lithuania (Polish Litwa, Lithuanian Lietuva, a word of uncertain etymology, perhaps a derivative of the river name Leità ). In the 14th century Lithuania was an independent grand duchy which extended from the Baltic to the shores of the Black Sea. It was united with Poland in 1569, and was absorbed into the Russian empire in 1795. The region referred to as Lite in Ashkenazic culture encompassed not only Lithuania but also Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, parts of northern Ukraine, and parts of northeastern Poland.English : from an Old English personal name, Lēohtwine, composed of the elements lēoht ‘light’, ‘bright’ + wine ‘friend’.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Bithiah, BITHIA means "daughter of God."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
King; Way to Right Path; Leader of Good Way
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Kingdom
Girl/Female
Greek
Forgetful.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Beautiful
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
Girl/Female
Greek American French Latin Irish English
Pure.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess of beauty
Boy/Male
Arabic
The Sword of the Faith
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Celebrity, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Victory; Conqueror; Winning; A Kind of Flute; Defeater; The Victorious One; Variant of Names Like Jason and Jacob
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a smith who worked in iron (‘black metal’), as opposed to tin (‘white metal’). This was never established as a surname in England or Scotland, which suggests that the name may have been adopted in North America as a translation of an occupational name for a blacksmith from some other language (see Smith).
Girl/Female
Welsh
From the oak tree.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
The Gem of Fame
Girl/Female
Hindu
Beloved, Grace, Truth
Girl/Female
Indian
Aartis best wishes, Blessing
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
One who has a Sharp Mind; Intelligent
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY
n.
The fruit of a tree native to China (Nephelium Litchi). It is nutlike, having a rough but tender shell, containing an aromatic pulp, and a single large seed. In the dried fruit which is exported the pulp somewhat resembles a raisin in color and form.
a.
See Mythic.
adv.
In the house; in doors; as, the master is within.
a.
Capable of being easily bent; pliant; flexible; limber; as, the elephant's lithe proboscis.
n.
See Litchi.
a.
Having the nature and qualities of glass; glasslike; -- distinguished from ceramic.
a.
Mild; calm; as, lithe weather.
n.
The style described in Gothic, a., 2.
n.
The language of the Lettic race, including Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as, citric acid.
prep.
In the inner or interior part of; inside of; not without; as, within doors.
a.
Of or pertaining to stone; as, lithic architecture.
prep.
In the limits or compass of; not further in length than; as, within five miles; not longer in time than; as, within an hour; not exceeding in quantity; as, expenses kept within one's income.
n.
A medicine which tends to prevent stone in the bladder.
n.
The oxide of lithium; a strong alkaline caustic similar to potash and soda, but weaker. See Lithium.
a.
See Sothic.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen; specifically, designating any one of those compounds in which, as contrasted with nitrous compounds, the element has a higher valence; as, nitric oxide; nitric acid.
a.
Pertaining to or denoting lithium or some of its compounds.
a.
Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.
a.
Pertaining to the formation of uric-acid concretions (stone) in the bladder and other parts of the body; as, lithic diathesis.