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Metal degradation processes
Hydrogen damage is the generic name given to a large number of metal degradation processes due to interaction with hydrogen atoms. Molecular gaseous hydrogen
Hydrogen_damage
Change in a thing that degrades it away from its initial state
debris, or article; hydrogen damage caused by interactions between metals and hydrogen; and damage mechanics, which includes damage to materials due to
Damage
Reduction in ductility of a metal exposed to hydrogen
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE), also known as hydrogen-assisted cracking or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), is a reduction in the ductility of a metal due
Hydrogen_embrittlement
Procedures for safe production, handling and use of hydrogen
Hydrogen safety covers the safe production, handling and use of hydrogen, particularly hydrogen gas fuel and liquid hydrogen. Hydrogen possesses the NFPA
Hydrogen_safety
Chemical compound
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a very pale blue liquid; however, at lower concentrations, it appears
Hydrogen_peroxide
Field of engineering dealing with designing materials that resist corrosion
known to degrade engineering materials. Hydrogen damage is caused by hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen molecules in the gaseous state), interacting
Corrosion_engineering
Poisonous and flammable gas
respiration in a manner similar to hydrogen cyanide. When it is inhaled or its salts are ingested in high amounts, damage to organs occurs rapidly with symptoms
Hydrogen_sulfide
Technologies that relating to the production & use of hydrogen
Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen as a part hydrogen economy. Hydrogen technologies are applicable
Hydrogen_technologies
to the Belgian Chamber of Representatives in March that the flaws were hydrogen flakes. He went on to claim that they had been there since construction
Nuclear_power_in_Belgium
Using hydrogen to decarbonize more sectors
cycle hydrogen power plant Energy development Hydrogen damage Hydrogen fuel cell power plant Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle Hydrogen-powered
Hydrogen_economy
Topics referred to by the same term
Hydrogen damage, metal degradation processes due to interaction with hydrogen Property damage, damage to public or private property Radiation damage,
Damage_(disambiguation)
Cleaning solution for contact lenses
Hydrogen peroxide contact solutions are storage solutions for contact lenses that rely on hydrogen peroxide to clean the contacts and break up proteins
Hydrogen peroxide contact solution
Hydrogen_peroxide_contact_solution
Chemical compound
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white
Hydrogen_chloride
Solution of hydrogen fluoride in water
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive. A common concentration
Hydrofluoric_acid
Chemical compound
Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula HBr. It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves
Hydrogen_bromide
Isotope of hydrogen with one neutron
Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol 2H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, 1H. The
Deuterium
Damage to DNA as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation or radiomimetic compounds
Linn S (August 1997). "Formation, prevention, and repair of DNA damage by iron/hydrogen peroxide". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (31): 19095–8
Free_radical_damage_to_DNA
Steel-related engineering problem
atoms. There are two stages to the damage: First, dissolved carbon in the steel reacts with the surface hydrogen and escapes into the gas as methane
High temperature hydrogen attack
High_temperature_hydrogen_attack
Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen
Catalase
Effects of ionizing radiation
to radiation damage, with few exotic exceptions; e.g. molten sodium, where there are no chemical bonds to be disrupted, and liquid hydrogen fluoride, which
Radiation_damage
Chemical compound
Hydrogen peroxide–urea (also called Hyperol, artizone, urea hydrogen peroxide, and UHP) is a white crystalline solid chemical compound composed of equimolar
Hydrogen_peroxide–urea
Aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride
also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell
Hydrochloric_acid
Device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair
Fuel_cell
Free radical toxicity
generated, e.g., O− 2 (superoxide radical), OH (hydroxyl radical) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). Further, some reactive oxidative species act as cellular messengers
Oxidative_stress
Reactor accident due to core overheating
Island accident, a hydrogen bubble formed in the pressure vessel dome. There were initial concerns that the hydrogen might ignite and damage the pressure vessel
Nuclear_meltdown
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
compound that has the chemical formula CH4 (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent
Methane
Arc welding process under an H2 atmosphere
presence of hydrogen also acts as a shielding gas, preventing oxidation and contamination by carbon, nitrogen or oxygen, which can severely damage the properties
Atomic_hydrogen_welding
Class of enzymes
and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2). Superoxide is produced as a by-product of oxygen metabolism and, if not regulated, causes many types of cell damage. Hydrogen
Superoxide_dismutase
Low-pressure voids formed in liquids
results in surface fatigue of the material, causing a type of damage also called "cavitation damage" or "cavitation erosion". The most common examples of this
Cavitation
Chemical compound
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia
Ammonia
Electricity-induced chemical reaction
electricity to convert liquid water (H2O) into gaseous hydrogen (H 2) and oxygen (O 2). The hydrogen produced by electrolysis can be used as fuel or as an
Electrolysis_of_water
Highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)
highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl
Reactive_oxygen_species
Hydrogen that is produced biologically
gas. Additionally, hydrogen producing organisms are poisoned by O2 and yields of H2 are often low. The main reactions driving hydrogen formation involve
Biohydrogen
2-stage nuclear weapon
A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H-bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon, using nuclear fusion. The most destructive weapons
Thermonuclear_weapon
Simplest carboxylic acid (HCOOH)
(e.g. hydrogen tetrafluoroborate in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride). The difference has been ascribed to a transition state stabilized by hydrogen bonding
Formic_acid
Oxidizing acid mixture containing sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide
also known as piranha etch, is a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The resulting mixture is used to clean organic residues
Piranha_solution
1937 airship fire in the US
flying machine and the largest airship by envelope volume. Filled with hydrogen, it caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring
Hindenburg_disaster
Beetles that emit a spray when threatened
The spray is produced from a catalyzed reaction between hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide, an aqueous solution of which is stored in the pygidial glands
Bombardier_beetle
Dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation
exposed to radiation, water undergoes a breakdown sequence into hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen radicals, and assorted oxygen compounds, such as ozone, which
Radiolysis
States of matter for water as a solid
the pressure helps to hold the molecules together. However, the strong hydrogen bonds in water make it different: for some pressures higher than 0.10 MPa
Phases_of_ice
Broad-spectrum poisoning
long-term neurological problems. Toxic cyanide-containing compounds include hydrogen cyanide gas and cyanide salts, such as potassium cyanide. Poisoning is
Cyanide_poisoning
Technology for purifying hydrogen
Hydrogen purification is any technology used to purify hydrogen. The impurities in hydrogen gas depend on the source of the H2, e.g., petroleum, coal
Hydrogen_purification
Vehicle that uses a fuel cell to power its electric motor
compressed hydrogen. Most fuel cell vehicles are classified as zero-emissions vehicles. As compared with internal combustion vehicles, hydrogen vehicles
Fuel_cell_vehicle
Chemical compound hydrogen phosphide
organophosphines, which are derived from PH3 by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups. They have the general formula PH3−nRn. Phosphanes
Phosphine
Form of electromagnetic radiation
at the Lyman limit (wavelength 91.2 nm, the energy needed to ionise a hydrogen atom from its ground state), with "hard UV" being more energetic; the same
Ultraviolet
Medical condition
breaks down hydrogen peroxide in cells into water and oxygen. Low levels of catalase can cause hydrogen peroxide to build up, causing damage to cells. The
Acatalasia
Star at the centre of the Solar System
kilograms (kg) of hydrogen into helium and converts 4 billion kilograms of matter into energy. About 4 to 7 billion years from now, when hydrogen fusion in the
Sun
Homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent
dissolved. Gas in solids: Hydrogen dissolves rather well in metals, especially in palladium; this is studied as a means of hydrogen storage. Liquid in solid:
Solution_(chemistry)
Cellular mechanism
repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. A weakened capacity for DNA
DNA_repair
Facility that processes crude oil
to hydrogen sulfide via catalytic hydrodesulfurization and removed from the product stream via amine gas treating. Using the Claus process, hydrogen sulfide
Oil_refinery
Mining technique
non-renewable resources from the atmosphere. Due to the abundance of molecular hydrogen and helium in the outer planets of the Solar System, advances in technology
Atmospheric_mining
Chemical compound
(including polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF). It has a strong dipole moment and hydrogen bonding due to its cis-amide conformation. NMP is produced industrially
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Chemical acid found in vinegar
acetyl). The carboxymethyl functional group derived from removing one hydrogen from the methyl group of acetic acid has the chemical formula −CH2−C(=O)−OH
Acetic_acid
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
causing pressurization of the contents and damage to tankers. The pressurization is due to the hydrogen gas which is produced in the reaction between
Sodium_hydroxide
Explosion and fire in Illinois, US
tower, used to strip hydrogen sulfide from a process stream of propane and butane. In 1974, plant inspection identified hydrogen blisters and laminations
1984 Romeoville petroleum refinery disaster
1984_Romeoville_petroleum_refinery_disaster
Process for removing yellowing from ABS plastic
Retrobright (stylized as retr0bright or retrobrite) is a hydrogen peroxide–based process for removing yellowing from ABS plastics. Yellowing in ABS (acrylonitrile
Retrobright
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a
Methanol
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
discovery that four hydrogen atoms are heavier than one helium atom. Thus in 1920, Arthur Eddington correctly predicted fusion of hydrogen into helium could
Nuclear_fusion
Rapid and hot oxidation of a material
potential to result in conflagration, which can lead to permanent physical damage. Fire directly impacts land-based ecological systems worldwide. The positive
Fire
Chemical compound (H2SO4)
vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H2SO4. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous
Sulfuric_acid
College in General San Martín, Argentina
physicist, metallurgist and hydrogen damage specialist; developer of the Hydrogen Microprint Technique, a method to visualize hydrogen trapped in steels; in
Sabato Institute of Technology
Sabato_Institute_of_Technology
2011 nuclear accident in Japan
2) using a mobile generator at 15:30 on 12 March. At 15:36, a hydrogen explosion damaged the secondary confinement structure (the RB). The workers evacuated
Fukushima_nuclear_accident
also called illuminating gas, or town gas, which was composed of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Stoves of this era required one to manually ignite
Suicide_by_poisoning
Medical diagnostic test
A hydrogen breath test (HBT) or hydrogen-methane breath test is a breath test used as a diagnostic tool for small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)
Hydrogen_breath_test
Agent used to decompose residual chlorine after bleaching
bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and hydrogen peroxide. In the textile industry, the antichlor is usually added right
Antichlor
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
multilayer, eventually causing blistering. Capping layers that mitigate hydrogen-related damage often reduce reflectivity to well below 70%. Capping layers are
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography
Turbo generator with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant
A hydrogen-cooled turbo generator is a turbo generator with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant. Hydrogen-cooled turbo generators are designed to provide a
Hydrogen-cooled turbo generator
Hydrogen-cooled_turbo_generator
German airship burned in fire (in service 1936–1937)
245 m (804 ft) long and carry 140,000 cubic metres (4,900,000 cu ft) of hydrogen. Ten Maybach engines were to power five tandem engine cars (a plan from
LZ_129_Hindenburg
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
the conditions for fusing hydrogen isotopes. Experimental reactors use deuterium and tritium, heavier isotopes of hydrogen, in a process known as DT fusion
Fusion_power
Subatomic particle with positive charge
name was given to the hydrogen nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1920. In previous years, Rutherford had discovered that the hydrogen nucleus (known to be
Proton
Disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere
commonly to people working outside. Precipitation with low potential of hydrogen levels (pH), otherwise known as acid rain, is also a frequent risk produced
Storm
Great force or shock applied over a short time period during a high-speed collision
short time period. A high force, over a short duration, usually causes more damage to both bodies than a lower force applied over a proportionally longer duration
Impact_(mechanics)
Enzyme family protecting the organism from oxidative damages
lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water. Glutathione peroxidase was discovered in 1957 by Gordon
Glutathione_peroxidase
Void between celestial bodies
particle densities, constituting a near-perfect vacuum of predominantly hydrogen and helium plasma, permeated by electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays
Outer_space
WWII British balloon attack on Germany
made use of cheap, simple balloons filled with hydrogen and carrying either a trailing steel wire to damage high voltage power lines by producing a short
Operation_Outward
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
solvent. Water, being a polar molecule, undergoes strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding which is a large contributor to its physical and chemical properties
Water
Natural process of hair turning grey or white with age
triggered by the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and abnormally low levels of the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide and relieves oxidative
Greying_of_hair
Gas used to create buoyancy in a balloon or aerostat
continuous operating temperature for most balloons is 250 °F (120 °C). Hydrogen, being the lightest existing gas (0.08988 g/L, 7% the density of air, at
Lifting_gas
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
graphene oxide paper. Full hydrogenation from both sides of the graphene sheet results in Graphane, but partial hydrogenation leads to hydrogenated graphene
Graphene
Chemicals used to whiten or disinfect
Louis Jacques Thénard first produced hydrogen peroxide in 1818 by reacting barium peroxide with nitric acid. Hydrogen peroxide was first used for bleaching
Bleach
Liquid form of rocket propellants
are more damaging than hydrogen fires, for two main reasons: Kerosene burns about 20% hotter in absolute temperature than hydrogen. Hydrogen's buoyancy
Liquid_rocket_propellant
Weak acid with formula H3BO3
orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH)3. It may also be called hydrogen orthoborate, trihydroxidoboron or boracic acid
Boric_acid
Any molecule with a cyano group (C≡N)
phosphorus tricyanide P(−C≡N)3 and trimethylsilyl cyanide (CH3)3Si−C≡N. Hydrogen cyanide, or H−C≡N, is a highly volatile toxic liquid that is produced on
Cyanide
Organic compound
It is ineffective against bacterial spores, which can be treated with hydrogen peroxide. A solution of 70% ethanol is more effective than pure ethanol
Ethanol
Molecule that carries genetic information
the other hand, oxidants such as free radicals or hydrogen peroxide produce multiple forms of damage, including base modifications, particularly of guanosine
DNA
Free-radical aging theory
since been expanded to encompass oxidative damage from other reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or peroxynitrite (OONO−).
Free-radical_theory_of_aging
Chemical compound
foreign bodies. In living organisms, HOCl is generated by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ions under the catalysis of the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase
Hypochlorous_acid
Medical condition
pulmonary edema (fluid buildup in the lungs), bleeding, and low blood oxygen. Hydrogen fluoride is used in a number of industries including glass etching and
Hydrofluoric_acid_burn
Hungarian-American physicist (1908–2003)
and chemical engineer who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" and one of the creators of the Teller–Ulam design inspired by Stanisław
Edward_Teller
Deterioration of function with age
inflammation dysbiosis The environment induces damage at various levels, e.g., damage to DNA, and damage to tissues and cells by oxygen radicals (widely
Senescence
Practice of lightening the natural hair color
a 6% solution of hydrogen peroxide, while products for use in a hair salon can contain up to 9%. Hair bleaching products can damage hair and cause severe
Hair_bleaching
Facility from which rockets are launched
before launch. Cryogenic propellants (liquid oxygen oxidizer, and liquid hydrogen or liquid methane fuel) need to be continuously topped off (i.e., boil-off
Launch_pad
Harmful high-frequency radiation
the target area, causing direct ionization of the hydrogen atoms. When neutrons strike the hydrogen nuclei, proton radiation (fast protons) results. These
Ionizing_radiation
Sinkhole and dive site in South Africa
(809.2 ft) using open-circuit equipment. In May 2024, Richard Harris used hydrogen as a breathing gas in his twin rebreather system to explore the bottom
Boesmansgat
Chemical compound
which dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO−3) and a hydrogen ion (H+). The presence of free hydrogen ions (H+) lowers the pH of the ocean, increasing acidity
Carbon_dioxide
Reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria
to form superoxide. Subsequently, superoxide is quickly dismutated to hydrogen peroxide by two dismutases including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in mitochondrial
Mitochondrial_ROS
Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is a fossil fuel, formed when plants
Coal
Chemical element with atomic number 18 (Ar)
conditions. Argon fluorohydride (HArF), a compound of argon with fluorine and hydrogen that is stable below 17 K (−256.1 °C; −429.1 °F), has been demonstrated
Argon
Mass of airborne particulates and gases
smoke kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation caused by carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other combustion products
Smoke
Hydrocarbon compound (C6H6)
joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. As it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is a hydrocarbon. Benzene
Benzene
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for an official who was responsible for protecting land or enclosed forest from damage by animals, poachers, or vandals, from Middle English hay ‘enclosure’ (see Hay 1) + ward ‘guardian’.
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Calmness quitness
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gyanvi | கà¯à®¯à®¾à®¨à®µà¯€Â
Knowledgable person
Boy/Male
African, Australian, Chinese, French, Latin, Swedish
First Letter of the Greek Alphabet; Leader
Boy/Male
Italian
Ruler at home.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Superior
Boy/Male
Teutonic English French Irish
Son of Patrick.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Collyrium, Coloured
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
A Friend of the Gods
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Servant of the Everlasting
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of the various places in northern France called Saint-Pierre, from the dedication of their churches to St. Peter (see Peter).Eastern German : from a medieval personal name Sindperht, from sind ‘journey’ + berht ‘shining’.possibly variant of Catalan or Aragonese Samper.
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
HYDROGEN DAMAGE
v. t.
To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.
n.
The act or process of freeing from hydrogen; also, the condition resulting from the removal of hydrogen.
n.
Antimony hydride, or hydrogen antimonide, a colorless gas produced by the action of nascent hydrogen on antimony. It has a characteristic odor and burns with a characteristic greenish flame. Formerly called also antimoniureted hydrogen.
a.
Having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution.
a.
Combined with or containing antimony; as, antimoniureted hydrogen.
v. t.
To deprive of, or free from, hydrogen.
n.
A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride.
a.
Combined with hydrogen sulphide.
n.
A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.
n.
A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having an odor like garlic; arseniureted hydrogen.
a.
Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid.
n.
A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead.
a.
Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.
a.
Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.
n.
A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions, and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of bacteria.
a.
Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric oxide.
n.
Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas.
n.
Electricity.
n.
Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon.