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The concept of the three great evolutionary faunas of marine animals from the Cambrian to the present (that is, the entire Phanerozoic) was introduced
Evolutionary_fauna
Set of animal species in any particular region and time
astrobiology, biochemistry, evolutionary biology, science fiction, and philosophy. Other terms include avifauna, which means "bird fauna" and piscifauna (or ichthyofauna)
Fauna
Increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity
and antelope. Evolutionary fauna Adaptive radiation Nonadaptive radiation Simões, M.; et al. (2016). "The evolving theory of evolutionary radiations".
Evolutionary_radiation
Earth's most severe extinction event
surviving taxa. In the sea, the "Paleozoic evolutionary fauna" declined while the "modern evolutionary fauna" achieved greater dominance; the Permian-Triassic
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Reappearance of a genetic trait once thought extinct
Insecta: Finding Synapomorphies in the Extant Fauna and Separating Them from Homoplasies". Evolutionary Biology. 35 (1): 4–51. Bibcode:2008EvBio..35.
Atavism
Class of extinct, Paleozoic arthropods
Catherine (July 2022). "Post-Ordovician trilobite diversity and evolutionary faunas". Earth-Science Reviews. 230 104035. Bibcode:2022ESRv..23004035B
Trilobite
Family of mammals
the original on 2017-04-18. Retrieved 2017-04-17. Hemmer, H. (1978). "Evolutionary systematics of living Felidae – present status and current problems"
Felidae
Evolutionary radiation of marine animal life throughout the Ordovician period
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) was an evolutionary radiation of marine animal life throughout the Ordovician period, 40 million years
Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
Great_Ordovician_Biodiversification_Event
Third stage of the Carboniferous
evolutionary faunas. Stanley (2007) estimated that the early Serpukhovian saw the loss of 37.5% of marine genera in the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna.
Serpukhovian
Scientific concept
Evolutionary mismatch (also "mismatch theory" or "evolutionary trap") is the evolutionary biology concept that an organism's previously advantageous trait
Evolutionary_mismatch
Individual living life form
collaborating to provide the functions of the colonial organism. The evolutionary biologists David Queller and Joan Strassmann suggest that "organismality"
Organism
Evolutionary process
it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly,
Adaptation
Mass extinction ending the Triassic period
extinction completed the transition from the Palaeozoic evolutionary fauna to the Modern evolutionary fauna that continues to dominate the oceans in the present
Triassic–Jurassic_extinction
Overview of wildlife
The fauna of the Andes, a mountain range in South America, is large and diverse. As well as a huge variety of flora, the Andes contain many different
Fauna_of_the_Andes
University of Chicago paleontologist (1948–1999)
three great Evolutionary Faunas in the marine animal fossil record. Each of his Evolutionary Faunas, the Cambrian, Paleozoic, and Modern Faunas, is composed
Jack_Sepkoski
Mass extinction event c. 444 million years ago
relative diversity and abundance of certain groups. The Cambrian-type evolutionary fauna nearly died out, and was unable to rediversify after the extinction
Late Ordovician mass extinction
Late_Ordovician_mass_extinction
The fauna of Australia consists of a large variety of animals; some 46% of birds, 69% of mammals, 94% of amphibians, and 93% of reptiles that inhabit
Fauna_of_Australia
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
Macroevolution comprises the evolutionary processes and patterns which occur at and above the species level. In contrast, microevolution is evolution occurring
Macroevolution
shelly fauna onwards. Other deuterostome groups are soft-bodied, and most of the significant Cambrian deuterostome fossils come from the Chengjiang fauna, a
History_of_life
Family of apes
gibbons in comparison to their close relatives, which is critical for evolutionary development. The very high rate of chromosomal disorder and rearrangements
Gibbon
Second period of the Paleozoic Era
and Silurian systems, respectively. Lapworth recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed strata were different from those of either the Cambrian
Ordovician
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
reproduction Evolutionary arms race – Concept in Evolution Evolutionary capacitance – Evolutionary biology hypothesis Evolutionary fauna Evolutionary pressure –
Outline_of_evolution
Extinction event around 260 million years ago
Modern evolutionary faunas. The brachiopod-mollusc transition that characterised the broader shift from the Palaeozoic to Modern evolutionary faunas has
Capitanian mass extinction event
Capitanian_mass_extinction_event
State of species being unique to a location
the risk of extinction for species. Endemism is also of interest in evolutionary biology, because it provides clues about how changes in the environment
Endemism
Species of skunk
Revision of the Little Striped Skunks of the Genus Spilogale". North American Fauna. 4 (4). Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Department of Agriculture Division of
Spilogale_yucatanensis
Genus of beetles
BOLD: 6093 BugGuide: 90720 CoL: 8HGZ3 EoL: 15080 EPPO: 1HYASG Fauna Europaea: 249439 Fauna Europaea (new): ed30a1d4-cc2c-44bd-a4a4-8e36762da6fa GBIF (old):
Hylastes
Family of spiders
BOLD: 1311 BugGuide: 1967 CoL: CB2NN EoL: 8778 EPPO: 1LYCSF Fauna Europaea: 10667 Fauna Europaea (new): 4bd39af3-4777-4ea9-b867-fe9dd525aa03 GBIF (old):
Wolf_spider
Family of flies
I. R. (1863). "Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der "Fauna Austriaca", mit einer naheren Begrundung der in derselben aufgenommenen
Cylindrotomidae
Evolutionary thought, the recognition that species change over time and the perceived understanding of how such processes work, has roots in antiquity
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
Extinct species of fish
(September 2020). "Phylogenetic perspective on the relationships and evolutionary history of the Acipenseriformes". Genomics. 112 (5): 3511–3517. doi:10
Chinese_paddlefish
Middle Triassic Cassian-type fauna (Pelsa-Vazzoler Lagerstätte) and the adaptive radiation of the Modern evolutionary fauna". Papers in Palaeontology. 10
List_of_lagerstätten
Rapid decrease in Earth's biodiversity
high-resolution biodiversity curve (the "Sepkoski curve") and successive evolutionary faunas with their own patterns of diversification and extinction. Though
Extinction_event
First period of the Mesozoic Era
"Unexpected Early Triassic marine ecosystem and the rise of the Modern evolutionary fauna". Science Advances. 3 (2) e1602159. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E2159B. doi:10
Triassic
Hard structure of the mouth
sharks are almost identical in structure and are likely to have the same evolutionary origin. Indeed, teeth appear to have first evolved in sharks, and are
Tooth
Rock assemblage in Paris Canyon, Idaho, U.S.
Ammonoids and bivalves dominate the fauna. It combines Palaeozoic survivors with members of the Modern evolutionary fauna (i.e., groups that are typical for
Paris_biota
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
arachnids and hexapods) became fully terrestrialized. Another significant evolutionary milestone during the Silurian was the diversification of jawed fish,
Silurian
Period of major evolutionary diversification of animal life
represent a "museum": a deep-water ecosystem that is evolutionarily "behind" the rapidly diversifying fauna of shallower waters. Because the lagerstätten provide
Cambrian_explosion
Animals living within Africa
The fauna of Africa are all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna are found in the Afro-tropical
Fauna_of_Africa
Order of flying mammals
hosts and "bats were colonized several times independently, unless the evolutionary origin of bats has been grossly underestimated". No analysis has provided
Bat
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
large arid expanses in the lower latitudes. On land, the fauna transitioned from the Triassic fauna, dominated jointly by dinosauromorph and pseudosuchian
Jurassic
Family of birds
Psittacidae BioLib: 21925 BOLD: 1087 CoL: FBD EoL: 1591 EPPO: 1PSITF Fauna Europaea: 16695 Fauna Europaea (new): 737366be-e2ae-4118-b766-165051fb3983 GBIF (old):
Psittacidae
Mass extinction at the end of the Devonian
Catherine (2022-07-01). "Post-Ordovician trilobite diversity and evolutionary faunas". Earth-Science Reviews. 230 104035. Bibcode:2022ESRv..23004035B
Hangenberg_event
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Metatheria
all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals. The evolutionary split between placentals and marsupials occurred 125–160 million years
Marsupial
Country in the Caribbean
of humans on Cuba is associated with extinctions of the island's native fauna, particularly its endemic sloths. The Arawakan-speaking ancestors of the
Cuba
Area with vegetation dominated by grasses
diversity of the "unimproved" grasslands is usually a rich invertebrate fauna; there are also many species of birds that are grassland "specialists",
Grassland
Attributes of living species that arose due to coevolution with other now-extinct species
lost partnership with ice age "ghosts" (extinct fauna). One animal-with-animal form of evolutionary anachronism also gained popular attention. As reported
Evolutionary_anachronism
Marginal sea between Japan, Russia and Korea
made in 1953 will be kept publicly available simply to demonstrate the evolutionary process from the analogue to the digital era. For centuries, the sea
Sea_of_Japan
Extinct small human species found in Flores
pelvis was smashed, destroying details that reveal body shape, gait and evolutionary history.", causing the discovery team leader Morwood to remark, "It's
Homo_floresiensis
Shield for the ventral and dorsal parts of turtles
or critical failure of the shell. The shape of the shell is from its evolutionary process, which caused many microstructures to appear to aid survival
Turtle_shell
Species of lizard
origins and high phylogenetic distinctiveness for a recently depleted lizard fauna from Christmas Island, Australia". Biology Letters. 14 (6) 20170696. doi:10
Lepidodactylus_listeri
Family of beetles
9578 BOLD: 1131 BugGuide: 118 CoL: 7P3 EoL: 7468 EPPO: 1CANTF Fauna Europaea: 11169 Fauna Europaea (new): 340b965c-2e97-4c67-9f1a-763f770b0f61 GBIF (old):
Soldier_beetle
Species of amphibian
The plains spadefoot toad (Spea bombifrons) is a species of American spadefoot toad which ranges from southwestern Canada, throughout the Great Plains
Plains_spadefoot_toad
Geological formation in China
"Unexpected Early Triassic marine ecosystem and the rise of the Modern evolutionary fauna". Science Advances. 3 (2) e1602159. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E2159B. doi:10
Guiyang_biota
Species of reptile
two Extinct‐in‐the‐Wild reptiles from Christmas Island reveal distinct evolutionary histories and conservation insights". Molecular Ecology Resources: 1755–0998
Cryptoblepharus_egeriae
Extinct subtribe of mammals
but they are believed to have originated in Asia and to have undergone evolutionary radiation in both Asia and North America, alongside several migration
Brontotheriina
National park in Malawi
to different habitats and adopted different lifestyles as part of an evolutionary radiation of a similar sort to the adaptation of finches that Charles
Lake_Malawi_National_Park
Subclass of Pterobranchs in the phylum Hemichordata
to their widespread abundance, planktonic lifestyle, and well-traced evolutionary trends, graptoloids in particular are useful index fossils for the Ordovician
Graptolite
Biological interaction
spines and chemicals. Sometimes predator and prey find themselves in an evolutionary arms race, a cycle of adaptations and counter-adaptations. Predation
Predation
Ediacaran biotic assemblage
of Nama genera. A proposed definition of the Nama assemblage as an evolutionary fauna by Wood and coauthors restricts it to new morphogroups such as calcifying
Nama_assemblage
Island in French Polynesia
extinction crisis: Survival of Partula species on Moorea and Tahiti". Evolutionary Applications. 12 (5): 1017–1033. doi:10.1111/eva.12778. ISSN 1752-4571
Moʼorea
Large animals
In zoology, megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas 'large' and Neo-Latin fauna 'animal life') are large animals. The precise definition of the term varies
Megafauna
Tropical species of bear
"Craniometric differences among Malayan sun bears (Ursus malayanus); evolutionary and taxonomic implications" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 52 (2):
Sun_bear
description of new taxa. Ebel, Melville & Keogh (2026) reconstruct the evolutionary history of squamate osteoderms on the basis of data from extant and extinct
2026_in_reptile_paleontology
Native animals of New Guinea
The fauna of New Guinea comprises a large number of species of mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, invertebrates and amphibians. As the world's largest and
Fauna_of_New_Guinea
Province of China
early Hainan Islanders – a perspective from mitochondrial DNA". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 46. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11...46P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-46
Hainan
Evolutionary arms race
dislodged. The MMR is an important evolutionary transition from the Paleozoic fauna to the more modern-looking fauna, which occurred throughout the Mesozoic
Mesozoic_marine_revolution
Phylum of tiny marine invertebrates
(perhaps unsurprisingly) scarce, so it is difficult to trace out the evolutionary history of the phylum in any detail. The 2017 discovery of the Cambrian
Loricifera
Family of mostly succulent plants, adapted to dry environments
photosynthesis, cactus stems have undergone many adaptations. Early in their evolutionary history, the ancestors of modern cacti (other than Leuenbergeria species)
Cactus
Extinct genus of gomphothere elephantimorph native to South America
the Old and the New World in the course of their evolutionary history. Different phases of evolutionary radiation can be distinguished. The gomphotheres
Notiomastodon
Suborder of terrestrial isopods
behaviours for living on land. Woodlice are widely studied in the contexts of evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, and nutrient cycling. They are popular
Woodlouse
Honest signalling of an animal's defences
Pires-daSilva, André (10 February 2009). "Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 35. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9
Aposematism
fossils for the knowledge of endemism in the fossil fauna in Kyrgyzstan. A study on the evolutionary history of the genus Crocuta, based on paleogenomic
2020_in_paleomammalogy
Desert in Peru
systems, and reduced leaf surface area to minimize water loss. The desert's fauna is equally adapted to its challenging environment. Reptiles, such as the
Ocucaje_desert
Family of anomuran crustaceans
Keiler, Jonas; Richter, Stefan; Wirkner, Christian S. (2013-03-19). "Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs
King_crab
National park in Western Australia
was a lot of snow in the park. The area is of great biogeographic and evolutionary interest and displays one of the richest floras in the world. The park
Stirling_Range_National_Park
First of three epochs of the Triassic Period
"Unexpected Early Triassic marine ecosystem and the rise of the Modern evolutionary fauna". Science Advances. 3 (2) e1602159. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E2159B. doi:10
Early_Triassic
Geographical region of Asia and North America currently partly submerged
where it was blocked by the Wisconsin glaciation. Therefore, the flora and fauna of Beringia were more related to those of Eurasia rather than North America
Beringia
among the dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from Tendaguru. This fauna seems to show strong similarities to that of the Morrison Formation in the
List_of_African_dinosaurs
Bermuda's ecology has an abundance of unique flora and fauna due to the island's isolation from the mainland of North America. The wide range of endemic
Ecology_of_Bermuda
Genus of beetles
subsequent reversals back to monophagy or oligophagy have occurred in some evolutionary branches. The diversification and evolution of Diabrotica species is
Diabrotica
Forest ecoregion in Tanzania and Kenya
the wildlife on these isolated hills is important for research into evolutionary pathways. These wet hillsides are highly populated with farming communities
Eastern_Arc_forests
Extinct genus of arthropods
Lagerstätte from the North China Craton: a new window on Cambrian evolutionary fauna". National Science Review. 9 (7) nwac069. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwac069
Thelxiope
Geological formation of the Stormberg Group in Transvaal, South Africa
Farm lagerstätte Research and administration Council for Geoscience Evolutionary Studies Institute Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope Geological
Bushveld_Sandstone
Trace fossil
Patagonia, Argentina: animal - substrate interactions and the Modern Evolutionary Fauna". Ameghiniana. 45 (1).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names:
Helminthopsis
Genus of mountain-dwelling mammal
Erbajeva, Margarita; Huang, Chengming; Yang, Qisen (April 3, 2013). "Evolutionary History of Lagomorphs in Response to Global Environmental Change". PLOS
Pika
Phylum of animals having a dorsal nerve cord
Fishes of the World. While it is generally structured so as to reflect evolutionary relationships (similar to a cladogram), it also retains the traditional
Chordate
Area of land where little precipitation occurs
evolutionary adaptations for water conservation or heat tolerance and so are often studied in comparative physiology, ecophysiology, and evolutionary
Desert
Species of snake
and environmental drivers suggest the role of evolutionary processes in a polymorphic species". Evolutionary Ecology. 37 (3): 419–434. doi:10.1007/s10682-023-10234-8
Green_whip_snake
Salt flat in northern Chile
web of canals and lagoons, which constitute areas with distinct flora and fauna. Open water covers an area fluctuating around 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi)
Salar_del_Huasco
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Kai Zen) is a Star Child, a species genetically engineered by the High Evolutionary. Phyla met the Guardians of the Galaxy and escaped her imprisonment,
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: M–Z
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_M–Z
Second of the big five mass extinctions
Catherine (2022-07-01). "Post-Ordovician trilobite diversity and evolutionary faunas". Earth-Science Reviews. 230 104035. Bibcode:2022ESRv..23004035B
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Native animals of Madagascar
The fauna of Madagascar is a part of the wildlife of Madagascar. Madagascar has been an isolated island for about 70 million years, breaking away from
Fauna_of_Madagascar
Denis; Hasiotis, Stephen T; Kawai, Tadashi (2023-12-01). "Diversity and evolutionary history of fossil crayfishes". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 43 (4)
Paleobiota of the Morrison Formation
Paleobiota_of_the_Morrison_Formation
Glacial lake in Veneto, Italy
Cordevole stream. The “Le Torbe” meadows likely represent the final evolutionary stage of a marsh (or lake-marsh) environment settled in a marginal depression
Lake_Vedana
Genus of mammals that includes horses, asses, and zebras
are actually a single highly-variable widespread species, as if the evolutionary process of speciation was persistently being frustrated by large herds
Equus_(genus)
Ecoregion in Brazil and Argentina
to 45 metres (148 ft) in height. The forests are significant from an evolutionary perspective, as a relict of mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests
Araucaria_moist_forests
Major river in northeast Africa
hypothesis describes the Nile's geological history as a sequence of five evolutionary periods. Around 20 million years ago (mya), the west flank of the East
Nile
a continent, many of their animals and plants have undergone unique evolutionary processes. This has led to the islands' nickname of "The Galápagos of
Geography of the Bonin Islands
Geography_of_the_Bonin_Islands
Extinct genus of mammals
extreme developments of those traits. This is part of the reason why an evolutionary sequence between the three genera has been proposed. Uintatheriines are
Uintatherium
Genus of common edible venus clams
Imperial University, Series B. 2 (3): 143. "Additions to the molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff group of Florida (FGS: Bulletin 14) | PALMM". palmm.isle
Chione_(bivalve)
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