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Catalogue of the world's languages
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (stylized as Ethnoloɠue) is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information
Ethnologue
language. Ethnologue lists the following languages as having 50 million or more total speakers. This section does not include entries that Ethnologue identifies
List of languages by total number of speakers
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
languages, although he, Ethnologue and Glottolog also disagree as to which languages belong in the family. Neither Ethnologue nor Glottolog list the language
Language_family
at over 3,000. Nigeria alone has over 500 languages (according to SIL Ethnologue), one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world
Languages_of_Africa
languages may be underreported in favour of a national language. According to Ethnologue, the following languages have more than 50 million first-language speakers
List of languages by number of native speakers
List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
page 18-19. Ethnologue, 17th ed., Languages of Niger (accessed 14 October 2014) "Niger". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2019-08-02. Ethnologue report on "Languages
Languages_of_Niger
"Bafaw-Balong". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-10-11. "Bafia". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-09-27. "Bafut". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-09-27. "Baka". Ethnologue. Retrieved
Languages_of_Cameroon
languages in Papua New Guinea List of endangered languages of Oceania SIL Ethnologue (2005) lists 473 out of 6,909 living languages inventorised (6.8%) as
Lists_of_endangered_languages
Polish at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Ukrainian at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Serbo-Croatian at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Czech at Ethnologue (27th ed
Languages_of_Europe
The following languages are listed as unclassified by the Ethnologue (17th edition), though in their descriptions some are identified with an established
List of unclassified languages according to the Ethnologue
List_of_unclassified_languages_according_to_the_Ethnologue
are listed as unclassified in either Campbell (2024), Loukotka (1968), Ethnologue, or Glottolog. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them
List of unclassified languages of South America
List_of_unclassified_languages_of_South_America
speakers in Turkey according to the 2022 edition of Ethnologue. Entries identified by Ethnologue as macrolanguages (such as Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Chinese
Languages_of_Turkey
languages in Indonesia by total number of speakers, from Ethnologue 2015. "Indonesia - Languages | Ethnologue". 2016-11-06. Archived from the original on 2016-11-06
List of languages by total number of speakers in Indonesia
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers_in_Indonesia
Kazakhstan, 1.8 million in Moldova, 1.1 million in Estonia. Russian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required). European Commission, Directorate-General
List of languages by number of speakers in Europe
List_of_languages_by_number_of_speakers_in_Europe
Family of languages and dialects Indigenous to North Africa
Standard Moroccan". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2022. "Tamazight, Central Atlas". Ethnologue. Archived from
Berber_languages
of countries by number of languages according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue (2019). Papua New Guinea has the largest number of languages in the world
List of countries by number of languages
List_of_countries_by_number_of_languages
limited to determine this with any surety. "Kw'adza". Ethnologue. "Muskum". Ethnologue. "Homa". Ethnologue. Crevels, Mily (2002), "Why speakers shift and languages
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
Reputably reported languages later shown to not exist
"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:JIJ". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 24 September 2012. "Ethnologue 14 report for language code:CKN". Ethnologue.com
Spurious_languages
second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (841). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 459. Article 343 of the Constitution of India
Languages_of_India
Chad has two official languages, French and Arabic. Ethnologue reports over 120 indigenous languages in the country. Nevertheless, French remains the primary
Languages_of_Chad
Language family
Indonesia. They are not closely related, being 56% lexically similar (Ethnologue). These languages are Selaru and Seluwasan. Grimes, Charles E. & Owen
Southwest_Tanimbar_languages
Guide". Diversity Abroad. Retrieved 2023-12-25. "German, Swiss | Ethnologue Free". Ethnologue (Free All). Retrieved 2023-12-25. "Swiss German (Schwytzerdütsch)
Languages_of_Austria
languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required); List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription
List of endangered languages in Europe
List_of_endangered_languages_in_Europe
Tai language branch of China and Southeast Asia
Thailand. Ethnologue distinguishes the following languages: Saek (Laos and northeast Thailand; listed outside Tai proper in the Ethnologue classification
Northern_Tai_languages
Group of languages of the Philippines
lexicon specifically reserved for forceful or aggressive communication. Ethnologue groups the languages of Bikol as follows: Bikol Coastal Bikol (Northern)
Bikol_languages
language Endangered language – Language that is at risk of going extinct Ethnologue § Language families Extinct language – Language that no longer has any
List_of_language_families
8%), with some languages of the Himalayas still unclassified. The SIL Ethnologue lists 424 living languages in India. India has not had a national language
List of languages by number of native speakers in India
List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India
The population of Chad has numerous ethnic groups. SIL Ethnologue reports more than 130 distinct languages spoken in Chad. The 14 million inhabitants of
Ethnic_groups_in_Chad
Communities living outside Azerbaijan
Ethnologue figures are outdated in the case of Armenia, where the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has affected the population of Azerbaijanis. Ethnologue further
Azerbaijani_diaspora
Tucanoan language of South America
Pisamira is a Tucanoan language. Ethnologue misidentifies it as a dialect of Tucano. Pisamira features six vowels /a e i ɨ o u/ which can be either oral
Pisamira_language
Language family
ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9. "Ethnologue report for Khinalugh". Retrieved 18 April 2013. "Ethnologue report for Lak". Retrieved 18 April 2013. "Ethnologue". Retrieved 18
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
directed to the Ethnolinguistic Maps of Thailand resource, or to the Ethnologue Thailand country report. The sole official language of Thailand is Central
Languages_of_Thailand
Ethnic group in West Africa
Nigeria where they make up 20.7% of the country's population according to Ethnologue estimates, making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. Most
Yoruba_people
Indo-European language
at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Mycenaean Greek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Pontic at Ethnologue (18th
Greek_language
Kenya". Ethnologue. “Orma”, Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) “Rendille”, Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) Linguistic map of Kenya at Muturzikin.com Ethnologue page
Languages_of_Kenya
Language family of Asia
Around 93 million people speak Kra–Dai languages; 60% of those speak Thai. Ethnologue lists 95 languages in the family, with 62 of these being in the Tai branch
Kra–Dai_languages
Language that uses manual communication and body language to convey meaning
native sign language, and some have more than one. The 2021 edition of Ethnologue lists 150 sign languages, while the SIGN-HUB Atlas of Sign Language Structures
Sign_language
Common spoken languages in South America
Portuguese at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020) Spanish at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020) Quechuan at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020) English at Ethnologue (23rd ed.,
Languages_of_South_America
International standard for three-letter codes identifying languages
language coverage was based primarily on the language codes used in the Ethnologue (volumes 10–14) published by SIL International, which is now the registration
ISO_639-3
Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia
at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Da'a Kaili at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Unde Kaili at Ethnologue (18th
Kaili_language
Standardized literary variety of Arabic
Standard Arabic". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. Retrieved 13 March 2025. "Modern Standard Arabic". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. Retrieved 17 January
Modern_Standard_Arabic
Sino-Tibetan languages of Manipur, India
district and the northern border regions of the Tengnoupal district. (Ethnologue). Additionally, the following diphthongs have been observed: /ei/, /ai/
Maring_language_(India)
Some languages have doubtful data, like Serbian whose information in the Ethnologue is based on the 1959 census. Most numbers are according to Michael Krauss
Languages_of_Russia
Tibeto-Burman ethno-linguistic group native to the state of Manipur, India
second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue. "CENSUS OF ST". CENSUS 2011. MHA GOI. "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Singh, K.
Monsang_people
Ethnic group in Manipur, India
They use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue. The speakers of Kharam are mainly found in Kangpokpi district of Manipur
Kharam_people
Ubangian language spoken in the Congos
Kpala (Kwala), and Yango, which Ethnologue lists separately. It is not clear how distinct they are. Monzombo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription
Monzombo_language
Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Mapudungun at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Aymara, Central at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Chorote, Iyojwa’ja at Ethnologue
Languages_of_Argentina
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
Uzbek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Southern at Ethnologue (18th
Karluk_languages
Romance language
Archived from the original on 15 January 2026. Ethnologue, 18th Ed.: es:Anexo:Hablantes de español según Ethnologue (edición 18). "Europeans and their Languages"
Spanish_language
Tibeto-Burmese Naga ethnic group in northeast India
(illustrated ed.). Mittal. pp. 2–5. ISBN 978-81-7099-354-4. "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 3 May 2023. "Cultural Transformation among the Maram
Maram_people
Language
Shamnyuyanga Tableang Tabu Tamkhungnyuo Tang Tobunyuo Tolamleinyua Totok Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Konyak. Angphang Hopao Changnyu Chen Chingkao
Konyak_language
Indo-Aryan language
Marwari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Dhundari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Marwari (India) at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Bahawali at Ethnologue (26th
Marwari_language
Purported group of Polynesian languages
of Micronesia. The name Samoic-Outlier recognizes Samoan. According to Ethnologue 26, the Samoic–Outlier languages are as follows: Samoic–Outlier East Uvean–Niuafo’ou
Samoic_languages
Bikol variety of the Philippines
of Central Bikol. The languages grouped as Coastal Bikol according to Ethnologue are: Coastal Bikol (Northern) Isarog Agta language Mount Iraya Agta language
Coastal_Bikol
According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individual languages spoken in the country. Most people in the
Languages_of_Ethiopia
Eastern variety of Persian
Ethnologue". Ethnologue.org. 19 February 1999. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ""Dari, Zoroastrian" Ethnologue"
Dari
Ethnic group
Christian missionaries. "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 3 May 2023. "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Lisam 2011,
Aimol_people
Non-profit organization to study, develop and document languages
Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes
SIL_Global
Tribe of Manipur settled in Chandel district
(L2) according to the Ethnologue. "Census of India 2011". MHA, Govt of India.[failed verification] "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 3 May 2023
Tarao_people
reflect ancient settlement patterns, migrations, and its long history. Ethnologue counts more than 80 languages. Of these, Bambara, Bobo, Bozo, Dogon, Fula
Languages_of_Mali
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India
in 36 villages of Tuensang District in east-central Nagaland (Ethnologue). Ethnologue reports that the Tuensang village dialect is the central speech
Chang_language
Indigenous people inhabiting Manipur, North-East India
language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue. "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 3 May 2023. "An Anthropological Study of
Koireng_people
Central Sudanic language group of South Sudan
coherent languages; they are equivalent to five varieties listed by Ethnologue. Ethnologue notes that the varieties are not mutually intelligible, but that
Kresh_languages
Dialect of Nahuatl
states of Hidalgo, Veracruz (Eastern) and San Luis Potosí (Western). Ethnologue divides Huasteca Nahuatl into three languages: Eastern, Central, and Western
Huasteca_Nahuatl
Sign language of the Indian subcontinent
areas. As of 2024, it is the most used sign language in the world, and Ethnologue ranks it as the 149th most spoken language in the world. Some scholars
Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language
Type of license
source license. It was created by SIL Global, the organization behind Ethnologue. The Open Font License was created by SIL Global employees Victor Gaultney
SIL_Open_Font_License
Sub group of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent
National University. p. 305. "Assamese". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018. "Bengali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018. Kim, Amy;
Bengali–Assamese_languages
Mozambique is a full member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Ethnologue lists 43 languages spoken in the country. According to INE, the National
Languages_of_Mozambique
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan. It is apparently an Indo-Aryan language (Ethnologue) while Glottolog has labelled it "unclassifiable". Schreffler argues that
Bazigar_language
Atlantic-Congo languages
are now part of the Savannas proposal. The languages distinguished by Ethnologue are: Bondoukou Kulango (100,000 speakers in Ivory Coast and Ghana), Bouna
Kulango_languages
Language of Cameroon
extinct language of Cameroon. Ethnologue reports 1,490 speakers cited to 2000, possibly the ethnic population. Mboa at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Blench 2011
Mboa_language
Language family native to Eurasia
about 446 living Indo-European languages, according to an estimate by Ethnologue, of which 313 belong to the Indo-Iranian branch. All Indo-European languages
Indo-European_languages
Language family spoken in Mesoamerica
Robertson 1977. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), (2005). Ethnologue report on Chʼol de Tila, Ethnologue report on Chʼol de Tumbalá, both accessed March 07,
Mayan_languages
Metropolitan France according to the 2022 edition of Ethnologue. Entries identified by Ethnologue as macrolanguages (such as Arabic, Persian, Malay, Pashto
Languages_of_France
Central Iranian language of Iran
Plateau such as Anāraki, Ābchuye’i, Keyjāni, Tudeshki, and Moshkenāni. Ethnologue provisionally lists Khuri as a dialect. However, that appears to belong
Nayini_language
pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2023-05-11. "Languages of Brazil." Ethnologue. Retrieved 25 Feb 2013. https://www.survivalinternational.de/indigene/akuntsu
List of Indigenous peoples of Brazil
List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_Brazil
Branch of Baltic languages
language at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016) Latvian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required), Standard Latvian language at Ethnologue (18th ed
East_Baltic_languages
Shabunda- and Kusu-based creole of DR Congo
Lega-Shabunda, Kusu and other languages. It is spoken in Kindu, DR Congo. Ethnologue lists it as a dialect of the Songoora language. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009
Gengele_Creole
Karluk Turkic language
as the literary language of Uzbekistan in the 1920s. According to the Ethnologue, Southern Uzbek and Standard Uzbek are spoken as a native language by
Uzbek_language
Group of Low German dialects
(partial) at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Westphalian at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Eastern Frisian at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Gronings at Ethnologue (25th
Low_Saxon
Similarity of languages' vocabulary (lexicon)
the lexical similarity and the results vary accordingly. For example, Ethnologue's method of calculation consists of comparing a regionally standardized
Lexical_similarity
Austronesian language
at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025) Ambon Malay at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025) Baba Malay at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025) Baba Indonesian at Ethnologue (28th
Malay_language
Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad and the CAR
at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Sara Kaba (Ta Sara) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Kaba at Ethnologue (18th
Kaba_language
language from Sarawak. According to Ethnologue, the languages belong to five families: Languages of Kalimantan in Ethnologue First amount - total, in brackets
Languages_of_Kalimantan
Anything related to the Spanish language
Royal Spanish Academy. As of 2018, Ethnologue estimated around 51,000 people to speak the language natively. Ethnologue has categorised the language as endangered
Hispanophone
Central Iranian language of Iran
listed in Ethnologue that together have 35,000 speakers. Dialects are Natanzi, Farizandi, Yarandi/Yarani. It is closely related to Soi. Ethnologue gives a
Natanzi_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
spoke this language. It is listed as a 'threatened' language by Ethnologue. Duri at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Friberg, Timothy; Laskowske
Duri_language
Gbaya language of the CAR
Buli (Ɓùlì) constitute a Gbaya language of the Central African Republic. Ethnologue groups them as Southwest Gbaya, but it is not clear how many of the Southwest
Biyanda-Buli_language
June 2017. "Q'eqchi'". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018. "Maya, Mopán". Ethnologue. Archived from the original
Languages_of_Belize
Sign Language". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021. "Russian Sign Language". Ethnologue. Retrieved 4 February
List of sign languages by number of native signers
List_of_sign_languages_by_number_of_native_signers
Bantoid language spoken in West Africa
Cameroon and Mashi in Nigeria, the latter listed as a separate language by Ethnologue, though it is not distinct. Naki is a tonal language. It has a high tone
Naki_language
Family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages
However, sub-classification is more contentious. The 2013 edition of Ethnologue estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi")
Loloish_languages
Group of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018. "Kudmali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 25 July 2022. "India". Ethnologue. 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival
Bihari_languages
Tuareg Berber language of Niger
Tuareg people inhabiting the Aïr Mountains of the Agadez Region in Niger. Ethnologue lists two dialects: Air (Tayərt) and Tanassfarwat (Tamagarast/Taməsgərəst)
Air_Tamajeq_language
and one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. According to Ethnologue (2025), Indonesian is the 10th most commonly spoken language. Indonesian
Official languages of the United Nations
Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations
Nguni language of eastern South Africa and neighbouring countries
became one of South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994. According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili
Zulu_language
Trans–New Guinea language spoken in Papua New Guinea
monolinguals; in the 2000 census, 115,000 were reported, with few monolinguals. Ethnologue also reported 70,000 second language speakers in 2021. Voiced plosives
Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)
163. Ethnologue report for language code: rif. Ethnologue.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-23. Ethnologue report for language code: tzm. Ethnologue.com. Retrieved
Languages_of_Morocco
Arawakan language of southern Peru and Brazil
received. These varieties belong to the Campan branch of the Arawak family. Ethnologue distinguishes seven languages throughout the whole complex, while Pedrós
Ashéninka_language
the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World) Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University
List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India
List_of_adjectives_and_demonyms_for_states_and_territories_of_India
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Gift
Boy/Male
Arabic
Sword
Boy/Male
Tamil
Abhilash | அபிலாஷÂ
Desire
Boy/Male
Hindu
(Ravana's brother who leaves Lanka to join Rama and later become king of Lanka)
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Intention; Design
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Adkin, a pet form of Adam that was in use particularly in the English Midlands, + patronymic -s. Compare Atkins.
Boy/Male
English German American Greek
Merciful.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Radharani | ராதாராநீÂ
Queen Radha, The beloved of Sri Krishna Bhagavan
Boy/Male
Tamil
Varshneya | வரà¯à®·à®¨à¯‡à®¯à®¾
One who born in vrushni family of Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
One who has Won over Death; One who is Immortal; Conqueror of Death
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE