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Point of reference against which some others are calculated
A datum reference or just datum (plural: datums) is some geometrically important part of an object, such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes,
Datum_reference
Reference frame for measuring location
geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame)
Geodetic_datum
Reference surface for vertical positions
geodesy, surveying, hydrography and navigation, vertical datum or altimetric datum is a reference coordinate surface used for vertical positions, such as
Vertical_datum
In aviation, reference datum height (RDH) is the height of a point, located above the intersection of the runway centre line and the threshold, through
Reference_datum_height
System for defining and representing engineering tolerances
or more 'datum references' which indicate measurements that should be made with respect to the corresponding datum feature. The datum reference frame can
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
Geometric_dimensioning_and_tolerancing
Vertical datum for orthometric heights
American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83, a horizontal datum), is set to be replaced in 2025 with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum, based on
North American Vertical Datum of 1988
North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988
Reference frame for geodesy on the continent
American Datums are in use: the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) and the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Both are geodetic reference systems
North_American_Datum
Vertical datum in the United States
National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29), originally known as the Sea Level Datum of 1929, is the vertical datum established for vertical control
National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929
National_Geodetic_Vertical_Datum_of_1929
Level of water from which depths displayed on a nautical chart are measured
heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum. Common chart datums are lowest astronomical
Chart_datum
Vertical datum used as the basis for deriving altitudes on maps
An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used by an Ordnance Survey as the basis for deriving altitudes on maps. A spot height may be expressed as above
Ordnance_datum
Data type which allows a program to indirectly access a particular value in memory
The reference is said to refer to the datum, and accessing the datum is called dereferencing the reference. A reference is distinct from the datum itself
Reference_(computer_science)
Abstract coordinate system
Centripetal force Classical mechanics Coriolis force Curvilinear coordinates Datum reference Dynamics (physics) Frenet–Serret formulas Galilean invariance General
Frame_of_reference
NATO global coordinate reference system
position reported in a modern datum usually cannot be misunderstood as using an old datum, and vice versa – provided the datums use different MGRS lettering
Military Grid Reference System
Military_Grid_Reference_System
Geodetic reference system
the large geodetic systems, such as European Datum (ED50), North American Datum (NAD), and Tokyo Datum (TD), to provide a worldwide geo-data basis Need
World_Geodetic_System
Geodetic reference frame fixed to the Eurasian Plate
Collilieux ETRS89 is the EU-recommended frame of reference for geodata for Europe. It is the only geodetic datum to be used for mapping and surveying purposes
European Terrestrial Reference System 1989
European_Terrestrial_Reference_System_1989
NAD 83 & NAVD 88 based National Geodetic Coordinate System
National Spatial Reference System (NSRS). It will replace the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88)
National Spatial Reference System
National_Spatial_Reference_System
Vertical datum
NAP markers in Amsterdam Amsterdam Ordnance Datum or Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is a vertical datum in use in large parts of Western Europe. Originally
Amsterdam_Ordnance_Datum
Geometric figure which approximates the Earth's shape
applications, a geodesic reference ellipsoid is the mathematical model used as foundation by spatial reference system or geodetic datum definitions. In geophysics
Earth_ellipsoid
System to specify locations on Earth
altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise
Geographic_coordinate_system
Topics referred to by the same term
item of data. Datum reference, in carpentry, metalworking, needlework, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing Vertical datum, reference surface for vertical
Datum_(disambiguation)
Overview of GPS conversion formulas
projections all referenced to the same geodetic datum. A geographic coordinate transformation is a translation among different geodetic datums. Both geographic
Geographic coordinate conversion
Geographic_coordinate_conversion
3-D coordinate system centered on the Earth
2010. ECEF datum transformation Archived March 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Notes on converting ECEF coordinates to WGS-84 datum Datum Transformations
Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system
Earth-centered,_Earth-fixed_coordinate_system
System to specify locations on Earth
Vertical reference frame A standard reference system for measuring elevation using vertical datums, based on levelling, a geoid model, or a chart datum (considering
Spatial_reference_system
Height of a geographic location above a fixed reference point
sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § Vertical datum). The term elevation is mainly used when referring to points on
Elevation
The South American Datum (SAD) is a regional historical geodetic datum for South America. The most common version was established in 1969 (SAD69), as
South_American_Datum
System of geographic grid references used in Great Britain
maps. A datum transformation exists between GRS36 and more recent geocentric frames (see below). OSGB36 is based on the Airy ellipsoid, a reference ellipsoid
Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid
Soviet geodetic datum
The SK-42 reference system is a geodetic datum established in the Soviet Union in 1942 as Systema koordinat (Russian: Система координат 1942 года). It
SK-42_reference_system
Science of measuring the shape, orientation, and gravity of Earth
geodetic datum, ISO speaks of a "coordinate reference system", whereas IERS uses a "reference frame" for the same. The ISO term for a datum transformation
Geodesy
Pistol cartridge designed by J.M. Browning
pistol. The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case at the L3 datum reference. According to Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des
.45_ACP
Surveying terminololgy
survey points with reference to a common assumed vertical datum. It is a vertical distance between survey point and adopted datum surface. Thus, it is
Reduced_level
UK and Irish hydrographic vertical datum
(HAT) Land datums including Ordnance Datums Newlyn, Belfast and Poolbeg The surfaces are modelled with respect to the terrestrial reference frame used
Vertical Offshore Reference Frames
Vertical_Offshore_Reference_Frames
datum and a projection system. In some documents it is called Greek Geodetic Reference System 1987 or GGRS87. HGRS87 specifies a non-geocentric datum
Hellenic Geodetic Reference System 1987
Hellenic_Geodetic_Reference_System_1987
Ocean shape without winds and tides
better data. Deflection of the vertical Geodetic datum Geopotential International Terrestrial Reference Frame Physical geodesy Planetary geoid Areoid (Mars's
Geoid
Map projection system
longitude and latitude. The WGS84 datum has therefore become the implicit default for UTM coordinates as well, if no alternate datum is specified. In North America
Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system
Elevation of a location above a standardized sea level
location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized
Height_above_mean_sea_level
Height in relation to a specified reference point
vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The exact definition and reference datum varies according to the context (e
Altitude
Weighted line used as a vertical reference
vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical datum. It is typically made
Plumb_bob
United States historic place
was the reference location for establishing a system of horizontal measurement in the United States, known as geodetic datum. In 1913, the datum was adopted
Meades Ranch Triangulation Station
Meades_Ranch_Triangulation_Station
Markup language for representing coordinate reference systems
coordinate system is related to Earth by the WGS84 geodetic datum: GEODCRS["WGS 84", DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984", ELLIPSOID["WGS 84", 6378137, 298
Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems
Well-known_text_representation_of_coordinate_reference_systems
Vertical datum used in Germany
"standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany. In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical
Normalhöhennull
Geographic coordinate specifying north-south position
latitude. The importance of specifying the reference datum may be illustrated by a simple example. On the reference ellipsoid for WGS84, the centre of the
Latitude
Reference frame for European geodesy
ED50 ("European Datum 1950", EPSG:4230) is a geodetic datum which was defined after World War II for the international connection of geodetic networks
ED50
Registry of geographic reference systems
Dataset (also EPSG registry) is a public registry of geodetic datums, coordinate reference systems, Earth ellipsoids, coordinate transformations and related
EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset
EPSG_Geodetic_Parameter_Dataset
House in Stewart Township, Pennsylvania
and Wright directed Mosher to use one of the boulders on site as a datum reference. By June 1936, workers had completed the access bridge and the footers
Fallingwater
Systematic representation of the surface of a sphere or ellipsoid onto a plane
projection (including Mercator and Gall–Peters) for reference maps of the world. Geodetic datum – Reference frame for measuring location Geographic information
Map_projection
Chinese global navigation satellite system
reached millimeter-level accuracy with post-processing from a nationwide reference station network. Predecessors included BeiDou-1 (first-generation BeiDou)
BeiDou
Collection of data on Earth's gravity and shape
The Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) consists of a global reference ellipsoid and a normal gravity model. The GRS80 gravity model has been followed
Geodetic Reference System 1980
Geodetic_Reference_System_1980
Cartesian geographic coordinate system
the datum ellipsoidal coordinates and height onto a flat surface of a map. The datum, along with a map projection applied to a grid of reference locations
Projected_coordinate_system
Geographical reference point from which various heights are measured
global MSL is a type of vertical datum – a standardised geodetic datum – that is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and marine navigation
Sea_level
Size and shape used to model the Earth for geodesy
the figure of the Earth or other celestial body is called a reference ellipsoid. The reference ellipsoid for Earth is called an Earth ellipsoid. An ellipsoid
Figure_of_the_Earth
Coordinate system for planets
datum is a generalization of geodetic datums for other planetary bodies, such as the Mars datum; it requires the specification of physical reference points
Planetary_coordinate_system
Distance from the Earth surface to a point near its center
The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the mean radius (R1) of three radii measured at two equator points
Earth_radius
Geodetic center monument of the Philippines
The Luzon Datum of 1911 was the base for the first modern survey of the Philippine Islands. The execution of the triangulation of the Philippine Islands
Luzon_Datum_of_1911
Eratosthenes' ratio". Posidonius calculated the Earth's circumference by reference to the position of the star Canopus. As explained by Cleomedes, Posidonius
Earth's_circumference
Vertical datum of Australia
The Australian Height Datum was introduced in 1971 as the official vertical datum for Australia, and thereby serves as the benchmark to which all height
Australian_Height_Datum
Topographic map of a maritime area and adjacent coastal regions
horizontal wire. All depths on charts is measured with respect to a datum/reference level. This ensures that difficult to find projections, such as masts
Nautical_chart
Signals broadcast by GPS satellites
called chipping codes (in reference to CDMA/DSSS), pseudorandom noise (PRN) and pseudorandom binary sequences (in reference to the fact that the sequences
GPS_signals
Geodetic Reference Frame. The goal of EUREF is to establish a unified geodetic datum for Europe (ETRS89) and a consistent network of reference stations
Regional Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe
Regional_Reference_Frame_Sub-Commission_for_Europe
Theory in the philosophy of perception
existence of his red, round and 'somewhat bulgy' sense-datum and his consciousness of this sense-datum. When we twist a coin it 'appears' to us as elliptical
Sense_data
Bull issued by Pope Innocent II on 29 March 1139
Omne datum optimum (Latin for "Every perfect gift", a quotation from the Epistle of James 1:17) was a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent II on 29 March
Omne_datum_optimum
East-West geographic coordinate
prime meridian defines 0° longitude; by convention the International Reference Meridian for the Earth passes near the Royal Observatory in Greenwich
Longitude
Delineation and characterization of Martian regions
an arbitrary zero-elevation level or "vertical datum" for mapping the surface, called areoid. The datum for Mars was defined initially in terms of a constant
Areography
Analysis of variation in mechanical parts and assemblies
It must: Enter through a joint Follow the datum path to the datum reference frame (DRF) Follow a second datum path leading to another joint Exit to the
Tolerance_analysis
System that enhances the accuracy of GPS receivers
system (GBAS) in critical areas. WAAS uses a network of ground-based reference stations, in North America and Hawaii, to measure small variations in
Wide_Area_Augmentation_System
Geographic notion
Geodetic datum Geodesic Horizontal position representation Latitude / Longitude Map projection Reference ellipsoid Satellite geodesy Spatial reference system
Circle_of_latitude
Surveying technique
points relative to a datum. It is widely used in geodesy and cartography to measure vertical position with respect to a vertical datum, and in construction
Levelling
International prime meridian used for GPS and other systems
include the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), the European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989 (ETRF89), and the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94)
IERS_Reference_Meridian
Catholic military order, 1118 to 1312
endorsed by the Catholic Church by such decrees as the papal bull Omne datum optimum of Innocent II, the Templars became a favoured charity throughout
Knights_Templar
Dimension and shape of land surfaces
Terrain (from Latin terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical
Terrain
Satellite navigation system
experiments for NavIC ground reference station in Japan. ISRO is also under discussion with CNES for a NavIC ground reference station in France. ISRO is
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
Indian_Regional_Navigation_Satellite_System
Concept in oil and gas exploration
unit (e.g. m for metre), a path (e.g. MD for measured depth) and the reference or datum they refer to (e.g. RT for rotary table), and none of these three
Depth_in_a_well
International song competition
Retrieved 15 May 2026. Horne, Amanda (11 March 2026). "Eurovision 2026 i Wien – datum, länder och artister" [Eurovision 2026 in Vienna – dates, countries and
Eurovision_Song_Contest_2026
Problem in firearms manufacturing
situations. The length specification "S" is a basic dimension (or a datum reference) for the computation of the dimensions of firearms cartridges and chambers
Delta_L_problem
Restrictions on using GPS in China
'Topographic map non-linear confidentiality algorithm') is a geodetic datum used by the Chinese State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, and based on
Restrictions on geographic data in China
Restrictions_on_geographic_data_in_China
Clinical application of cephalometry (measurement of parts of the head)
important cephalometric landmarks, which are points of reference serving as datum references in measurement and analysis. (Sources: Proffit; others.)
Cephalometric_analysis
Angle between the chord of a wing and the undisturbed airflow
incidence meaning the angle between the chord of an airfoil and some fixed datum in the airplane. The lift coefficient of a fixed-wing aircraft varies with
Angle_of_attack
Type of American spy satellite
Metric CRYSTAL System" (IMCS). Metric describes the capability to fix Datum references (markings) in an image relative to the World Geodetic System for mapping
KH-11_KENNEN
part of the chamber that stops forward motion of the cartridge (the datum reference) to the face of the bolt. Used as a verb, headspace refers to the interference
Glossary_of_firearms_terms
Theory in philosophy of language
maintains that when one is acquainted with something, say, a present sense datum or oneself, one can refer to it without the mediation of anything like a
Direct_reference_theory
Measure of how closely the shape of an object approaches that of a circle
contact is taken as the datum point. Again a dial gauge is placed over the round object and the object is rotated keeping the datum at constant position
Roundness
Visual landing system used on US Navy aircraft carriers
regardless of the actual technology: Datum lights – a horizontal row of green lamps used to give the pilot a reference against which he may judge his position
Optical_landing_system
Algorithmically generated data that have a similar distribution as sampled data
(e.g., digital twins), where innovative approaches have already been referenced. Synthetic data is increasingly being used for machine learning applications:
Synthetic_data
Outdated official vertical datum used in Germany
(short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null
Normalnull
Shortest paths on a bounded deformed sphere-like quadric surface
of triangulation networks entailed reducing all the measurements to a reference ellipsoid and solving the resulting two-dimensional problem as an exercise
Geodesics_on_an_ellipsoid
geodesy. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References Pythagoras, 580–490 BC (ancient Greece) Eratosthenes, 276–194 BC (ancient
List_of_geodesists
Standardized geospatial reference system
WGS 1984 Datum and is based on lines of longitude (LONG) and latitude (LAT). It is intended to provide an integrated common frame of reference for joint
Global_Area_Reference_System
maintains that when one is acquainted with something, say, a present sense datum or oneself, one can refer to it without the mediation of anything like a
Mediated_reference_theory
Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (since 2025)
Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |datum přístupu= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |datum vydání= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |jméno=
Jaromír_Zůna
1:210. This approximation to the true shape of the Earth became the new reference ellipsoid. In 1787 the first precise trigonometric survey to be undertaken
History_of_geodesy
Third planet from the Sun
ambiguities surrounding ice shelves, and mapping conventions for vertical datums, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data
Earth
Position along a vertical direction above or below a given vertical datum
direction (the plumb line direction) above or below a given vertical datum (a reference level surface, such as mean sea level). Vertical distance or vertical
Vertical_position
Vertical datum used in parts of Europe
Meter über Adria, Serbo-Croatian: Metara iznad Jadrana) is the vertical datum used in Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North
Metres_above_the_Adriatic
Partition of Earth's surface into subdivided cells
in geodesy a so-called "grid reference system" is a grid that divides space with precise positions relative to a datum, that is an approximated "standard
Discrete_global_grid
System of geographic grid references used for mapping in Ireland
example, 31590, 23467 is also a valid location. Spheroid: Airy modified, Datum: 1965, Map projection: Transverse Mercator Latitude of origin: 53°30'00
Irish_grid_reference_system
Point over which the aircraft would balance
by passengers moving forward or aft in the cabin. Reference Datum The reference datum is a reference plane that allows accurate, and uniform, measurements
Center of gravity of an aircraft
Center_of_gravity_of_an_aircraft
American satellite-based radio navigation service
coordinate system, such as latitude and longitude using the WGS 84 geodetic datum or a country-specific system. The GPS equations can be solved by numerical
Global_Positioning_System
World spatial reference system co-rotating with the Earth in its diurnal motion in space
orientation parameters Geodetic datum International Celestial Reference System and its realizations Terrestrial reference frame World Geodetic System Clynch
International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame
International_Terrestrial_Reference_System_and_Frame
Australian geodetic reference system
The Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94) is a geodetic datum covering the Australian continent. Details of this datum are provided by the GDA94 Technical
Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994
Geocentric_Datum_of_Australia_1994
Term to designate the first appearance of a species in the geologic record
First appearance datum (FAD) is a term used by geologists and paleontologists to designate the first appearance of a species in the geologic record. FADs
First_appearance_datum
Setting for pressure altimeters
an altimeter to read zero when at the reference datum of a particular airfield (in practice, the reference datum is either an airfield center or a runway
Altimeter_setting
DATUM REFERENCE
DATUM REFERENCE
Surname or Lastname
English (Essex)
English (Essex) : variant of Tatham.
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Whole.
Girl/Female
English American
Brings joy.
Boy/Male
British, English
Cheerful
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Great.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Netherlands
Light Hearted; Bringer of Joy; Cheerful; Tate's Homestead
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Marksbury in Somerset (now Avon), which was named in Old English either as ‘Mǣrec’s or Mearc’s stronghold’ (from an Old English male personal name + burh ‘stronghold’, ‘fortified place’, dative byrig), or as ‘stronghold on a boundary’ (from mearc ‘boundary’, possibly a reference to the Wansdyke, + burh, byrig).
Boy/Male
Latin
God of the harvest.
Girl/Female
Latin
Lover of Satum.
Male
Egyptian
, a title of the deity Tum or Atum.
Surname or Lastname
German and Dutch
German and Dutch : from a Germanic personal name, Hun(e)ger, composed of the elements hÅ«n ‘bear cub’ + gÄ“r, gÄr ‘spear’.German : ethnic name from Ungar, Unger ‘Hungarian’.German : from Middle High German hunger ‘hunger’; a nickname for a thin or undernourished person, or sometimes a topographic name from a piece of land named with this word with reference to the infertility of the soil.English : probably from an Old English personal name, HungÄr.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places so called, for example in Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Wiltshire. For the most part the first element is either Old English (ge)mǣne ‘common’, ‘shared’ (see Manley, Manship), or the Old English byname Mann(a) (see Mann). However, in the case of Manton in Lincolnshire the early forms show clearly that it was Old English m(e)alm ‘sand’, ‘chalk’, with reference to the poor soil of the region. The second element is in each case Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.Irish (Cork) : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Manntáin ‘descendant of Manntán’, a personal name derived from a diminutive of manntach ‘toothless’.
Male
Egyptian
, a son of Rameses II.
Male
Egyptian
, Atum or Tum, the setting sun.
Female
English
English surname transferred to forename use, TATUM means "Tate's homestead."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places, for example in Derbyshire, Gloucestershire, Northumberland, Staffordshire, and Surrey, so named from Old English hors ‘horse’ + lēah ‘wood’, ‘clearing’. The reference is probably to a place where horses were put out to pasture. The surname is widespread in north-central England.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : occupational name for a washerman or launderer, Old French, Middle Dutch lavendier (Late Latin lavandarius, an agent derivative of lavanda ‘washing’, ‘things to be washed’). The term was applied especially to a worker in the wool industry who washed the raw wool or rinsed the cloth after fulling. There is no evidence for any direct connection with the word for the plant (Middle English, Old French lavendre). However, the etymology of the plant name is obscure; it may have been named in ancient times with reference to the use of lavender oil for cleaning or of the dried heads of lavender in perfuming freshly washed clothes.
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Spirited
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name, which originated as a short form of any of various Old English personal names beginning with Cyne- ‘royal’.German : nickname for someone with a prominent chin, from Middle High German kinne ‘chin’, or from an Old High German personal name formed with the element kuoni ‘bold’ or chunni ‘race’, ‘people’. Compare Konrad.Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads named Kinn, from Old Norse kinn ‘chin’ with reference to the land formation.
Male
Egyptian
, the deity of the setting sun.
DATUM REFERENCE
DATUM REFERENCE
Boy/Male
Russian Latin
Protector; shepherd.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Boy/Male
Tamil
A musical note
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
War Champion; Hero; Conqueror; Warrior
Male
Egyptian
, Peace of Khonsu.
Boy/Male
English
White stream; holy stream.
Girl/Female
Greek
Amethyst.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
A Woman who Saves Someone
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Perfect
Boy/Male
Hindu
Supremely pure
DATUM REFERENCE
DATUM REFERENCE
DATUM REFERENCE
DATUM REFERENCE
DATUM REFERENCE
n.
The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.
v. t.
To handle lightly; -- said with reference to awkward fiddling; hence, to influence as if by fiddling; to coax; to allure.
n.
The principles of those within the Roman Catholic Church who maintain extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy; -- so used by those living north of the Alps in reference to the Italians; -- rarely used in an opposite sense, as referring to the views of those living north of the Alps and opposed to the papal claims. Cf. Gallicanism.
n.
A Burman measure of twelve miles. V () V, the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. V and U are only varieties of the same character, U being the cursive form, while V is better adapted for engraving, as in stone. The two letters were formerly used indiscriminately, and till a comparatively recent date words containing them were often classed together in dictionaries and other books of reference (see U). The letter V is from the Latin alphabet, where it was used both as a consonant (about like English w) and as a vowel. The Latin derives it from it from a form (V) of the Greek vowel / (see Y), this Greek letter being either from the same Semitic letter as the digamma F (see F), or else added by the Greeks to the alphabet which they took from the Semitic. Etymologically v is most nearly related to u, w, f, b, p; as in vine, wine; avoirdupois, habit, have; safe, save; trover, troubadour, trope. See U, F, etc.
n.
Formerly, a part of the Roman chancery; now, a separate office from which are sent graces or favors, cognizable in foro externo, such as appointments to benefices. The name is derived from the word datum, given or dated (with the indications of the time and place of granting the gift or favor).
n.
The assemblage of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other in accordance with some definite law; also, rarely, in artificial twinning (accomplished for example by pressure), the process by which this reversal is brought about.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
n.
A compound crystal composed of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other.
n. pl.
See Datum.
a.
A section of memory in a computer used for temporary storage of data, in which the last datum stored is the first retrieved.
n.
The quantities or relations which are assumed to be given in any problem.
pl.
of Datum
n.
Any fact or truth which is decisively attested or intuitively known as a psychological or philosophical datum; as, the deliverance of consciousness.
a.
Resembling a utricle or bag, whether large or minute; -- said especially with reference to the condition of certain substances, as sulphur, selenium, etc., when condensed from the vaporous state and deposited upon cold bodies, in which case they assume the form of small globules filled with liquid.
n.
Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made available in work, life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge.
n.
In dramatic composition, one of the principles by which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of representation are preserved; conformity in a composition to these; in oratory, discourse, etc., the due subordination and reference of every part to the development of the leading idea or the eastablishment of the main proposition.
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
n.
Something given or admitted; a fact or principle granted; that upon which an inference or an argument is based; -- used chiefly in the plural.
a.
Lying or being on the further side of the river Po with reference to Rome, that is, on the north side; -- opposed to cispadane.