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Astronomical problem concerning the age of the universe
The cosmic age problem was a historical problem in astronomy concerning the age of the universe. The problem was that at various times in the 20th century
Cosmic_age_problem
relativity). Cosmic age problem (1920s–1990s): The estimated age of the universe was around 3 to 8 billion years younger than estimates of the ages of the oldest
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Physical theory of the cosmos
of the universe, which leads to the horizon and flatness problems, is explained through cosmic inflation: a phase of accelerated expansion during the earliest
Big_Bang
is a list of notable unsolved problems in astronomy. Problems may be theoretical or experimental. Theoretical problems result from inability of current
List of unsolved problems in astronomy
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy
Cosmological fine-tuning problem
'special' value. The problem was first mentioned by Robert Dicke in 1969. The most commonly accepted solution among cosmologists is cosmic inflation, the idea
Flatness_problem
Cosmological fine-tuning problem
1956. The most commonly accepted hypothesis to explain the horizon problem is cosmic inflation. Alternative solutions propose a cyclic universe or a variable
Horizon_problem
Trace radiation from the early universe
The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR), or relic radiation, is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. With a standard
Cosmic_microwave_background
Literary philosophy
Cosmicism is a name given to the literary philosophy that H. P. Lovecraft developed and used for his fiction. The name is commonly stated to have been
Cosmicism
Concept in cosmology
The measure problem in cosmology concerns how to compute the ratios of universes of different types within a multiverse. It typically arises in the context
Measure_problem_(cosmology)
Theory of rapid universe expansion
In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the very early universe
Cosmic_inflation
Vast empty spaces between filaments with few or no galaxies
Cosmic voids (also known as dark space) are vast spaces between filaments (the largest-scale structures in the universe), which contain very few or no
Void_(astronomy)
New religious movement founded by George King in the 1950s
as "Cosmic Masters". The main goal of the believer is to cooperate with these Cosmic Masters to help humanity solve its current Earthly problems and advance
Aetherius_Society
Cosmological time duration
the main sequence set a minimum age). Before the incorporation of dark energy in the model of cosmic expansion, the age was awkwardly less than the oldest
Age_of_the_universe
Planck spacecraft analyzed in 2018. Age of the universe List of measurements of the Hubble constant Cosmic age problem Lambda-CDM model FLRW metric BOOMERanG
List of estimates of the age of the universe
List_of_estimates_of_the_age_of_the_universe
Australian punk rock band
2006 Watts died of a drug overdose, aged 47, and the band continued with John McKeering (ex-The Onyas) joining. Cosmic Psychos developed from Spring Plains
Cosmic_Psychos
Time coordinate used in cosmology
Cosmic time, or cosmological time, is the time coordinate used in the Big Bang models of physical cosmology. This concept of time avoids some issues related
Cosmic_time
Scientific dating of the Earth
Dalrymple, Brent G. (2004). Ancient Earth, Ancient Skies: The Age of the Earth and Its Cosmic Surroundings. Stanford University Press. pp. 147, 169. ISBN 978-0-8047-4933-6
Age_of_Earth
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
galaxy clusters, and cosmic microwave background anisotropies. Dark matter is thought to serve as gravitational scaffolding for cosmic structures. After
Dark_matter
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
from their redshift and distance. The data confirmed cosmic acceleration up to half of the age of the universe (7 billion years) and constrain its inhomogeneity
Dark_energy
American animated television series
Kid Cosmic is an American animated superhero comedy-drama television series created by Craig McCracken and developed by McCracken, his wife Lauren Faust
Kid_Cosmic
DC Comics superhero
Cosmic Boy (Rokk Krinn) is a superhero appearing in comics published by DC Comics. He is from the 31st century, and is a founding member and original leader
Cosmic_Boy
2008 Chinese science fiction novel
Cixin. It is the sequel to the Hugo Award-winning novel The Three-Body Problem in the Remembrance of Earth's Past. The English version, translated by
The_Dark_Forest
Problem in astronomy
The Big Bang nucleosynthesis and WMAP constitute cosmic baryon density predictions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB); namely, the most widely
Cosmological_lithium_problem
Increase in distance between parts of the universe
variations. During inflation, the cosmic scale factor grew exponentially in time. In order to solve the horizon and flatness problems, inflation must have lasted
Expansion_of_the_universe
History and future of the universe
merging to form larger ones, at 800 million years of cosmic time (13 billion years ago). (This age estimate is now believed to be slightly overstated)
Chronology_of_the_universe
Distance measurement used in cosmology
horizon, or the cosmic light horizon) is the maximum distance from which light from particles could have traveled to the observer in the age of the universe
Particle_horizon
2008 science fiction novel by Liu Cixin
The Three-Body Problem (Chinese: 三体; pinyin: Sān tǐ; lit. 'three body') is a 2008 novel by the Chinese hard science fiction author Liu Cixin. It is the
The Three-Body Problem (novel)
The_Three-Body_Problem_(novel)
Science fiction book trilogy by Liu Cixin
as Three-Body from part of the title of its first novel, The Three-Body Problem (Chinese: 三体; pinyin: Sān Tǐ; lit. 'Three-Body'). The series details humanity's
Remembrance_of_Earth's_Past
Range of new religious beliefs and practices
afterlife belief over others, although New Agers endorse it in the belief that it ensures cosmic justice. Many New Agers believe in karma, treating it as a law
New_Age
Electromagnetic radiation from the Big Bang
the problem of the micro-wave had been solved so soon." Telegraph & Telephone Journal XVII. 179/1" 1938: Walther Nernst re-estimates the cosmic ray temperature
Cosmic_background_radiation
Time period in ancient historical and astrological theories of time
the power possessed by this new god to shift the entire cosmic structure, turning the cosmic sphere so that the location of the spring equinox left the
Astrological_age
Problem in computer science
In computability theory, the halting problem is the decision problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input
Halting_problem
Branch of physics that studies mathematical models of the universe
in the universe, which have not been found. These problems are resolved by a brief period of cosmic inflation, which drives the universe to flatness,
Physical_cosmology
Philosophical question
The problem of evil, also known as the problem of suffering, is the philosophical question of how to reconcile the existence of evil and suffering with
Problem_of_evil
1959 film
space age is beginning, comes to Earth bearing a message of interplanetary peace and understanding, only to clash with the military. The Cosmic Man was
The_Cosmic_Man
Mathematical model of the Big Bang
irregularities (anisotropies) in the CMB radiation. Cosmic inflation also addresses the "horizon problem" in the CMB; indeed, it seems likely that the universe
Lambda-CDM_model
Value representing energy density of space
Waldram, E.M.; et al. (1999). "Detection of cosmic microwave background structure in a second field with the Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope". Monthly Notices
Cosmological_constant
Concept in cosmology
immense voids, creating a vast foam-like structure sometimes called the "cosmic web". Prior to 1989, it was commonly assumed that virialized galaxy clusters
Large-scale structure of the universe
Large-scale_structure_of_the_universe
Model for the origin of the universe
increased public awareness of the Big Bang model with of the discovery of the cosmic microwave background by Penzias and Wilson in 1965. The idea of the existence
Big_Bounce
Literary and rhetorical device or general attitude towards life
volumes standardly include at least all four of verbal irony, dramatic irony, cosmic irony, and Romantic irony as major types. The latter three types are sometimes
Irony
Joint US-Taiwan meteorological satellite constellation
Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) is a program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionospheric research
Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate
Constellation_Observing_System_for_Meteorology,_Ionosphere,_and_Climate
Cosmological phenomenon
is known as the Lambda-CDM model. In the decades since the detection of cosmic microwave background (CMB) in 1965, the Big Bang model has become the most
Accelerating expansion of the universe
Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe
Final season of television series The Boys
Will (June 28, 2024). "Jared Padalecki Confirms 'The Boys' Season 5". Cosmic Book News. Retrieved July 22, 2024. Romano, Nick (February 25, 2025). "'Supernatural'
The_Boys_season_5
Climatic cooling after the Medieval Warm Period (16th–19th centuries)
discussed above, but still remains a problem. Analysis comparing trends in modern observations of TSI and cosmic ray fluxes shows that the uncertainties
Little_Ice_Age
"religious nonbeliever." In other interviews, he noted his belief in a cosmic "lawgiver" who sets the laws of the universe. Einstein also stated he did
Religious and philosophical views of Albert Einstein
Religious_and_philosophical_views_of_Albert_Einstein
of Energy, Electrical Review and Western Electrician, July 6, 1912 How Cosmic Forces Shape Our Destinies, New York American, February 7, 1915 Some Personal
List_of_Nikola_Tesla_writings
Observation in physical cosmology
distances. He estimated a value for this ratio, which—after Hubble confirmed cosmic expansion and determined a more precise value for it two years later—became
Hubble's_law
Paradox concerning water on early Earth
Unsolved problem in astronomy How can the early Earth have had liquid water if the Sun's output is theorized to have been only 70% as intense as it is
Faint_young_Sun_paradox
2023 Chinese science fiction television series
science fiction television series adapted from the novel The Three-Body Problem by Liu Cixin, which was first published in serialized form in 2006. The
Three-Body
Russian scientist (1857–1935)
Space Age: The Life and Work of Tsiolkovskiy, by Vladimir V. Lytkin, Tsiolkovskiy Museum, Kaluga. Tsiolkovski: The Cosmic Scientist and His Cosmic Philosophy
Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky
Canadian-American astrophysicist and cosmologist (born 1935)
theoretical contributions to primordial nucleosynthesis, dark matter, the cosmic microwave background, and structure formation. Peebles was awarded half
Jim_Peebles
Concept in physical cosmology
temperature variations in the cosmic microwave background. Most subsequent inflationary models solve the graceful exit problem using similar principles. Guth
Graceful_exit_problem
Branch of SETI
transmitting from Evpatoria Planetary Radar the Cosmic Call 1999, the Teen Age Message 2001, and the Cosmic Call 2003, Scientific consultant for A Message
Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence
Measure of a civilization's evolution
Extraterrestrial Intelligence: A Fundamental Approach to the Basic Problem". Cosmic Search. 2 (7): 36–38. Bibcode:1980CosSe...2...36K. Archived from the
Kardashev_scale
Change in wavelength of light
(K) radiation from the Big Bang has redshifted far down to become the 3 K cosmic microwave background. Subtler redshifts are seen in the spectroscopic observations
Redshift
Theories about the end of the universe
The Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the Physics of Eternity. Simon & Schuster Australia. ISBN 978-0-684-86576-8. Chaisson, Eric (2001). Cosmic Evolution:
Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe
Local and global geometry of the universe
cosmology, the shape of the universe refers to both its local geometry and cosmic topology. Local geometry is defined primarily by its curvature, General
Shape_of_the_universe
Austrian black metal band
Channeling the Quintessence of Satan (1999) Satanized (A Journey Through Cosmic Infinity) (2001) Fractal Possession (2007) Time Is the Sulphur in the Veins
Abigor
2010 science fiction novel by Liu Cixin
of Earth's Past, following the Hugo Award-winning novel The Three-Body Problem and its sequel, The Dark Forest. The original Chinese version was published
Death's_End
Fluctuations in the energy spectrum of the microwave background
CMB spectral distortions are tiny departures of the average cosmic microwave background (CMB) frequency spectrum from the predictions given by a perfect
Cosmic microwave background spectral distortions
Cosmic_microwave_background_spectral_distortions
Region in spacetime from which nothing can escape
the speed of light, preventing signals from traveling to some regions. A cosmic event horizon is a real event horizon because it affects all kinds of signals
Event_horizon
British occultist and writer (1890–1946)
ceremonies they were contacted by Masters who provided them with a text, The Cosmic Doctrine. Although she became the president of the Christian Mystic Lodge
Dion_Fortune
Philosophical thought experiment
103514. ISSN 1550-7998. Ananthaswamy, Anil (2017). "Universes that spawn 'cosmic brains' should go on the scrapheap". New Scientist. Retrieved 25 March 2020
Boltzmann_brain
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
theory, which had recently been falsified by the 1965 discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation. This discovery was unequivocal evidence
Anthropic_principle
German psychologist and philosopher (1872–1956)
Klages once regarding his as "the most plundered" body of work of the present age. Jürgen Habermas, who regarded Klages as well ahead of his time, describes
Ludwig_Klages
within a system by the action; his definitions of action varied with the problems he discussed. One form he used was called "vis viva", Maupertuis' principle
History of variational principles in physics
History_of_variational_principles_in_physics
Marvel Comics superhero
American comics. He is the inventor of the spacecraft that was bombarded by cosmic radiation on its maiden voyage, granting the Fantastic Four their powers
Mister_Fantastic
System that relates geologic strata to time
23 October 2025. Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological
Geologic_time_scale
Philosophical problem
The problem of the creator of God is the controversy regarding the hypothetical cause responsible for the existence of God, assuming God exists. It contests
Problem_of_the_creator_of_God
American astronomer (1928–2016)
studying galactic rotation curves, the first evidence for the galaxy rotation problem, one key piece of evidence for dark matter. Measurements by other astronomers
Vera_Rubin
American rhesus monkey sent to space (1957–1959)
electrocardiogram Yes problems electromyogram, extensor No Yes electromyogram, flexor No Yes heart sounds No Yes pulse velocity, femoral vs carotid No problems respiratory
Miss_Able
Discrepancy between past temperatures and the amount of incoming solar radiation
and obliquity. The 100,000-year problem refers to the lack of an obvious explanation for the periodicity of ice ages at roughly 100,000 years for the
100,000-year_problem
Model of the Universe proposed 1932
kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie". Sitzungs.König. Preuss. Akad.: 235–237. O'Raifeartaigh, and McCann (2014). "Einstein's cosmic model
Einstein–de_Sitter_universe
Unit of time
The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. One
Galactic_year
Hypothetical topological feature of spacetime
1995, Matt Visser suggested there may be many wormholes in the universe if cosmic strings with negative mass were generated in the early universe. Some physicists
Wormhole
Statistical uncertainty in universe observations
The term cosmic variance is the statistical uncertainty inherent in observations of the universe at extreme distances. It has three different but closely
Cosmic_variance
Nepalese actress
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Deeya_Maskey
Hypothetical black hole formed soon after the Big Bang
dwarf galaxies or globular clusters, as expected by the standard theory of cosmic structure formation. The third group claimed that these merging rates are
Primordial_black_hole
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
accelerators, supernovas, during the spin-down of a neutron star and when cosmic rays or accelerated particle beams strike atoms The majority of neutrinos
Neutrino
Study of the universe
"golden age of cosmology". In 2014, the BICEP2 collaboration claimed that they had detected the imprint of gravitational waves in the cosmic microwave
Cosmology
American theoretical physicist (1918–1988)
which was co-written with Manuel Vallarta, was titled "The Scattering of Cosmic Rays by the Stars of a Galaxy". Vallarta let his student in on a secret
Richard_Feynman
Infrared radiation caused by stellar dust
Cosmic infrared background is infrared radiation caused by stellar dust. Recognizing the cosmological importance of the darkness of the night sky (Olbers'
Cosmic_infrared_background
Chemical element with atomic number 14 (Si)
form in the Earth's crust. It is widely distributed throughout space in cosmic dusts, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica)
Silicon
Canadian pornographic video-sharing website
Was Shocked by How Total Solar Eclipse Affected Their Viewers: The great cosmic ballet briefly distracted people from porn". Inverse Culture. Archived from
Pornhub
Collapsed core of a massive star
Future gravitational wave signals with next generation detectors like Cosmic Explorer can impose further constraints. When nuclear physicists are trying
Neutron_star
American theoretical physicist and cosmologist
Andrei Linde, he won the 2014 Kavli Prize "for pioneering the theory of cosmic inflation." Guth's research focuses on elementary particle theory and how
Alan_Guth
Belief that the fall of man happened outside of history
meta-historical fall (also called a metaphysical, supramundane, atemporal, or pre-cosmic fall) is an understanding of the biblical fall of man as a reality outside
Meta-historical_fall
Solid dome dividing the primal waters
Mesopotamian mythology Chinese theology – Chinese theological conception of Heaven Cosmic ocean – Mythological motif Flood geology – Pseudoscientific attempt to reconcile
Firmament
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Quantum Bands, Dar-Benn spitefully creates a multiversal wormhole, but its cosmic energy proves overwhelmingly destructive and disintegrates her. As of 2026
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: A–L
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_A–L
Hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe
eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach absolute zero, an event potentially followed by a
Big_Crunch
Esoteric new religious movement (1984–1997)
30s) was matched with Di Mambro's 14 year old son. Another cosmic couple had a 30-year age gap. Bruno Klaus, upon leaving his wife at Di Mambro's order
Order_of_the_Solar_Temple
Lan Medina. He was an impulsive man who felt that in order to solve a problem, you had to take matters into your own hands. A NYPD police officer, Paul
List of Punisher supporting characters
List_of_Punisher_supporting_characters
Intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics
chemical elements and isotopes, and the role of nuclear energy generation, in cosmic sources such as stars, supernovae, novae, and violent binary-star interactions
Nuclear_astrophysics
deities are personal and cosmic facilitators, and in some schools conceptualized like Plato’s Demiurge. Therefore, the problem of theodicy in many schools
Problem_of_evil_in_Hinduism
American UFO religion
Centers. Miami: Mark-Age MetaCenter. 1971. Cosmic Lessons: Gloria Lee Channels for Mark-Age. Miami: Mark-Age MetaCenter. 1969–1972. Nada-Yolanda (1974)
Mark-Age
Possible fate of the universe
"Sinks in the landscape, Boltzmann brains and the cosmological constant problem". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2007 (1): 022. arXiv:hep-th/0611043
Heat_death_of_the_universe
American author
contemporary philosophies of speculative realism and collapsology. His short book Cosmic Pessimism defines pessimism as "the philosophical form of disenchantment":
Eugene_Thacker
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
John Preskill of Caltech. Hawking had bet that Penrose's proposal of a "cosmic censorship conjecture" – that there could be no "naked singularities" unclothed
Stephen_Hawking
Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
October 23, 2025. Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Geological Society, London, Special
Hadean
American singer-songwriter (1946–1973)
the Byrds, and the Flying Burrito Brothers, popularizing what he called "Cosmic American Music", a hybrid of country, rhythm and blues, soul, folk, and
Gram_Parsons
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Greek, Italian
Order; From Cosmos; Beauty
Male
French
French name ANGE means "angel, messenger." Compare with feminine Ange.
Male
French
 Variant form of Norman French Asce, ACE means "noble at birth." Compare with another form of Ace.
Male
French
French form of Latin Cosmo, COSME means "order, beauty."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Agg, which is from the Old Scandinavian personal name Aggi.
Female
English
English short form of Latin Angela, ANGE means "angel, messenger." Compare with masculine Ange.
Female
Romanian
Feminine form of Romanian Cosmin, COSMINA means "order, beauty."
Male
Romanian
Romanian form of Greek Kosmos, COSMIN means "order, beauty."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cosmic serpent
Male
Romanian
Contracted form of Romanian Constantin, COSTIN means "steadfast."
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, French, Greek
Page; Attendant; Young; Assistant
Male
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Constantin, COSTICA means "steadfast."
Boy/Male
Greek
From 'kosmos' meaning order. St Cosmas, patron saint of physicians, and his twin brother St...
Male
English
 English byname transferred to forename use, ACE means "number one." Compare with another form of Ace.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sheshrao | ஷேஷà¯à®°à®¾à®“Â
Cosmic serpent
Sheshrao | ஷேஷà¯à®°à®¾à®“Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Sanskrit, Telugu
Cosmic Serpent
Female
Italian
Feminine form of Italian Cosimo, COSIMA means "order, beauty."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Cosmic serpent
Male
Italian
Italian form of Latin Cosmo, COSIMO means "order, beauty."
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, German, Japanese, Norse, Swedish
Ancestors
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gorsuch.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Girl/Female
Arabic
Council
Girl/Female
Muslim
Gift, Present, Grace, Favor
Girl/Female
Tamil
Eloquent in words, Sound
Boy/Male
Muslim
Servant of God
Boy/Male
African, American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Indian, Jamaican
Settlement in a Grassy Place; Bent Grass Enclosure; Moor Dweller; Bent Grass Settlement
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
French
Flower.
Girl/Female
Afghan, Australian
Ancient Gods
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
COSMIC AGE-PROBLEM
a.
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as, cadmic sulphide.
n.
Nomic spelling.
a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, formic acid; in an extended sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as, formic ether.
a.
Having the form of, or living in, a cyst; as, the cystic entozoa.
a.
See Cystic.
a.
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence higher than in other lower compounds; as, osmic oxide.
n.
A picture or design made in mosaic; an article decorated in mosaic.
imp. & p. p.
of Age
a.
Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; as, a man aged forty years.
a.
Characteristic of the cosmos or universe; inconceivably great; vast; as, cosmic speed.
n.
A conic section.
n.
The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of discretion.
v. i.
To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he aged.
a.
Of or pertaining to cheese; as, caseic acid.
n.
Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of age.
v. t.
To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages us.
n.
A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles.
n.
One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc.
a.
Containing cysts; cystose; as, cystic sarcoma.
a.
Alt. of Cosmical