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American reconnaissance satellites (1959–1972)
The CORONA program was a series of American strategic reconnaissance satellites produced and operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Directorate
CORONA_(satellite)
Satellite that covertly collects data for intelligence or military applications
satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence applications. The first generation type (i.e., Corona and Zenit) took photographs
Reconnaissance_satellite
Satellite camera test range
can still be found on satellite maps and ground inspection. See links to maps below. Following the launch of Corona satellites in the 1960s, the US National
Casa Grande Photogrammetric Test Range
Casa_Grande_Photogrammetric_Test_Range
from 1961 to 1976. It was responsible for developing film from the Corona satellite program and other film projects that were top secret. The facility
Air Force Special Projects Production Facility
Air_Force_Special_Projects_Production_Facility
the Corona Satellite Calibration Targets built in the 1960s in the desolate desert, in and around Casa Grande that helped to calibrate satellites of the
List of historic properties in Casa Grande, Arizona
List_of_historic_properties_in_Casa_Grande,_Arizona
Aspect of the Cold War
successors. Corona Corona was among the first of a series of reconnaissance satellite systems developed through the WS-117L program. The Corona program was
Cold_War_espionage
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up corona or Corona in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Corona (from the Latin for 'crown') most commonly refers to: Stellar corona, the outer atmosphere
Corona
1963 novel by Alistair MacLean
by news accounts from 17 April 1959, about a missing experimental CORONA satellite capsule (Discoverer 2) that inadvertently landed near Spitzbergen on
Ice_Station_Zebra_(novel)
American reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 14, also known as Corona 9009, was a spy satellite used in the Corona program managed by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the Department
Discoverer_14
Artificial satellite used for military purposes
program a number of sub-programs were developed including Corona. Satellites within the Corona program carried different code names. The first launches
Military_satellite
Technology development overview
Reconnaissance satellites CORONA (satellite) – American reconnaissance satellites (1959–1972) KH-11 KENNEN – Type of American spy satellite Lacrosse (satellite) –
Outline of artificial satellites
Outline_of_artificial_satellites
Reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 5, also known as Corona 9002, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 13 August 1959 at 19:00:08 GMT, the second of ten
Discoverer_5
24, 2017. Perry, Robert (October 1973). A History of Satellite Reconnaissance Volume 1 - Corona. National Reconnaissance Office. p. 89. "In Depth | Pioneer
Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes
Former air force base & underground tunnel facility used by former state of Yugoslavia
construction projects in Europe. The airfield was documented by American CORONA satellite reconnaissance in 1968. The role of the facility was to establish,
Željava_Air_Base
Military unit
States photographic reconnaissance satellites used for intelligence purposes. The Discoverer/Corona reconnaissance satellite was a revolutionary breakthrough
6593d_Test_Squadron
American optical reconnaissance satellite
also known as Corona 9022, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 1961. It was a KH-3 Corona satellite, based on an Agena-B
Discoverer_30
American reconnaissance satellite
reconnaissance satellite launched on 13 April 1959 at 21:18:39 GMT, the second of three test flights of the CORONA KH-1 spy satellite series. Discoverer
Discoverer_2
Moon of Uranus
Miranda is the smallest and innermost of Uranus's five round satellites. It was discovered by Gerard Kuiper on 16 February 1948 at McDonald Observatory
Miranda_(moon)
Neighborhood in New York City
Corona is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City. It borders Flushing and Flushing Meadows–Corona Park to the east, Jackson Heights
Corona,_Queens
First photographic portrait objective lens
these cameras were a part of the CORONA satellite program. This program was a secret photoreconnaissance satellite program meant to image the Earth's
Petzval_lens
Satellite designed to observe Earth from orbit
surveillance satellite programs like CORONA. Satellites largely replaced aircraft overflights for surveillance after 1960. A weather satellite is a type
Earth_observation_satellite
American reconnaissance satellite launched in 1959; failed to achieve orbit
Discoverer 1 was the first of a series of satellites which were part of the CORONA reconnaissance satellite program. It was launched on a Thor-Agena A
Discoverer_1
Series of United States reconnaissance satellites
Program 206) was a reconnaissance satellite used by the United States from July 1963 to June 1967. Like the older CORONA system, it acquired imagery intelligence
KH-7_Gambit
also known as Corona 9029, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 1961. It was a KH-3 Corona satellite, based on an Agena-B
Discoverer_36
American reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 4, also known as KH-1 1 or Corona 9001, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 25 Jun 1959 at 22:47:45 GMT, the first
Discoverer_4
CDP in Pinal County, Arizona
the 272 concrete Corona Satellite Calibration Targets, which were used to calibrate cameras on the satellites in the Corona Satellite Program that lasted
Arizona_City,_Arizona
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
imaging of the transition from corona to heliosphere. PUNCH integrates images from its constellation of small satellites into a global composite after
Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere
Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere
Important character from the Book of Judges of the Hebrew Bible
The nuclear research center near Dimona, as viewed from a Corona satellite in the late 1960s. Israel's nuclear strategy is often called the Samson Option
Samson
Israeli research center
ready before the Six-Day War. In 2021, it was reported that based on satellite imagery, the complex was undergoing a major expansion. The new construction
Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center
Shimon_Peres_Negev_Nuclear_Research_Center
American reconnaissance satellite
optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 10 August 1960 at 20:37:54 GMT. The last of five test flights of the Corona KH-1 spy satellite series, it was the
Discoverer_13
warheads; 10 bombs. 1976 – 10–20 nuclear weapons. 1979 – Vela incident, satellite detects possible advanced miniaturized and very clean nuclear test in
Israel_and_nuclear_weapons
also known as Corona 9025, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 1961. It was a KH-3 Corona''' satellite, based on an
Discoverer_32
Natural disaster in Northeast India
lake fed by the meltwater of the Lhonak glacier. It was first seen in CORONA satellite images from 1962 as a supraglacial lake. Landsat MSS images show that
2023_Sikkim_flash_floods
Reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 8, also known as Corona 9005, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 20 November 1959 at 19:25:24 GMT, the fifth of ten
Discoverer_8
Series of reconnaissance satellites produced by the United States
reconnaissance satellites produced by the United States from February 1961 to August 1964. The KH-5 operated similarly to the CORONA series of satellites, as it
KH-5_Argon
American reconnaissance satellite
optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 3 June 1959 at 20:09:20 GMT, the third of three test flights of the Corona KH-1 spy satellite series. The first
Discoverer_3
Reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 9, also known as Corona 9006, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 4 Feb 1960 at 18:51:45 GMT, the sixth of ten operational
Discoverer_9
Reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 7, also known as Corona 9004, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 7 November 1959 at 20:28:41 GMT, the fourth of ten
Discoverer_7
American optical reconnaissance satellite
also known as Corona 9023, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 1961. It was the first KH-3 Corona satellite, which was
Discoverer_29
American reconnaissance aircraft
reconnaissance satellites. The search for operational ballistic missile sites continued focusing on the Soviet railway system using Corona satellite images,
Lockheed_U-2
Discoverer 1 I/CORONA is launched; mission is a failure due to problems with Agena upper stage 15 January 1960 - 6594th Test Wing (Satellite) activated at
Chronology of the National Reconnaissance Office
Chronology_of_the_National_Reconnaissance_Office
or CORONAS, was a Russian Solar observation satellite programme. Three satellites were launched: CORONAS-I, CORONAS-F, and CORONAS-Photon. CORONAS-I was
CORONAS_programme
American rocket family
for Corona satellites from June 1959 through May 1963. The Thrust Augmented Thor (TAT) was developed to handle the growing satellites of the Corona program
Thor_(rocket_family)
Reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 11, also known as Corona 9008, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 15 Apr 1960 at 20:30:37 GMT. The eighth of ten
Discoverer_11
Reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 6, also known as Corona 9003, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 19 August 1959 at 19:24:44 GMT, the third of ten
Discoverer_6
Outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere
The solar corona is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere. It is a region filled with relatively hot, tenuous plasma that is structured by the solar
Solar_corona
Images taken from an artificial satellite
such as Corona.[citation needed] The resolution of satellite images varies depending on the instrument used and the altitude of the satellite's orbit.
Satellite_imagery
Reconnaissance satellite
Discoverer 10, also known as Corona 9007, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 19 Feb 1960 at 20:15:14 GMT, the seventh of ten
Discoverer_10
US spy satellite program
satellite overflew the Soviet Union seven times and the satellite's film-return capsule was ejected and picked up near Hawaii. The CORONA satellites were
Zirconic
American physicist (1915–1997)
Davies led to the concept of a recoverable film-return satellite, leading to the CORONA spy satellite program. In later declassified histories, the National
Amrom_Harry_Katz
American optical reconnaissance satellite
as Corona 9030, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite which was lost in a launch failure in 1962. It was the last KH-3 Corona satellite, which
Discoverer_37
Satellite early warning system
satellites that also included the Corona and SAMOS series. Though MIDAS failed in its primary role as a system of infrared early-warning satellites,
Missile_Defense_Alarm_System
Reconnaissance satellite
reconnaissance satellite launched on 29 June 1960, at 22:00:44 GMT. The fourth of five test flights of the Corona KH-1 spy satellite series was lost
Discoverer_12
Espionage by the United States against the Soviet Union and Russia
February 10, 1962, for Soviet agent Rudolf Abel. The CORONA program (1959–1972) was America's first satellite reconnaissance system, developed jointly by the
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation
Reconnaissance satellite of the United States Air Force
Discoverer 15, also known as Corona 9010, was a spy satellite used in the Corona program managed by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the Department
Discoverer_15
Possible large cosmic structure
The Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall (HCB) or simply the Great Wall or the Great Gamma-Ray Burst Wall is a putative galaxy filament that, if confirmed
Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall
Hercules–Corona_Borealis_Great_Wall
also known as Corona 9024, was an American optical reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 1961. It was a KH-3 Corona''' satellite, based on an
Discoverer_31
Operating division of Lockheed Martin
and Agena lead to the development of the Corona (satellite)—the nation's first photo reconnaissance satellite system, collecting both intelligence and
Lockheed_Martin_Space
Assisted atmospheric re-entry technique
parachute before lowering it to the ground. The early-1960s era Corona reconnaissance satellite returned delicate film capsules to Earth that required mid-air
Mid-air_retrieval
Type of American spy satellite
hundred diodes per inch) to match the ground sample distance of the CORONA satellites. The recorded digital signal was encrypted and transmitted to a ground
KH-11_KENNEN
Topics referred to by the same term
AFB, California Air Force Satellite Control Facility, a former USAF structure with various SOCs (e.g. for the Corona satellite, GPS, etc.) at Onizuka AFS
Space_Operations_Center
Unit of the Lockheed Corporation
Sales and Marketing, Contract Negotiation, Assembly and many others. Corona (satellite) Onizuka Air Force Station "Famed Lockheed Martin Engineer and Designer
Lockheed Missiles and Space Company
Lockheed_Missiles_and_Space_Company
Airport in Primorsky Krai, Russia
20 km (12 miles) east of the town of Artyom. It was identified by U.S. CORONA satellite photography as early as 1962, and in 1971 it was linked to a missile
Maykhe_air_base
Military unit
Rescue and Recovery Service (ARRS) mission. As early as the 1960s, Corona Satellite payload recoveries frequently necessitated "parascuba" jumps, where
United States Air Force Combat Dive Course
United_States_Air_Force_Combat_Dive_Course
Military unit
HH-53C Super Jolly 3 Lockheed HC-130P[citation needed] Corona (satellite) Air Force Satellite Control Facility Reid, Peter (2 March 2017). "The 6 most
6594th_Test_Group
Series of Soviet spy satellites, 1961-2004
Photo-Reconnaissance Satellite". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 50: 441. Dwayne Day, ed. (1998). Eye in the Sky: Story of the Corona Spy Satellites. Smithsonian
Zenit_(satellite)
were described using a modal analysis. The analysis of CORONA satellite images, as well as satellite and aerial photos of the 1970s and 1980s, revealed more
Ring_ditch
Chinese recoverable reconnaissance satellites (1974-2016)
space-based imagery after the United States' CORONA satellite in 1960 and the Soviet Union's Zenit satellite in 1962. The extracted imagery was in extremely
Fanhui_Shi_Weixing
Scanning of an object or environment to collect data on its shape
cost around €5,500. Somewhat lower resolution images (e.g. from the CORONA satellite, with a 2 m resolution) cost around €1,000 per 2 images. Note that
3D_scanning
Series of reconnaissance satellites for the United States
period, the rival CORONA program, which saw its first launch in February 1959, began operation. SAMOS emerged as a more advanced satellite with additional
Samos_(satellite)
U.S. presidential administration from 1953 to 1961
for the U.S. military. The new agency's first major project was the Corona satellite, which was designed to replace the U-2 spy plane as a source of photographic
Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Archaeological site in Iran
dumps, with hundreds of unfinished bead and flint drill-heads". A 1970 Corona satellite image taken in 1970 and a 1993 aerial photograph were used to determine
Shahdad_(archaeological_site)
American intelligence officer
Corporation to stop work on the M-2 follow on to the CORONA satellite and concentrate on improving CORONA. During those committee briefings, Lundahl covered
Arthur_C._Lundahl
Archaeological site in Iraq
University of Chicago, 2004 Landscape Studies In Upper Mesopotamia - Tony Wilkinson - OI 1992-1993 Annual Report CORONA satellite image of site - ResearchGate
Tell_al-Hawa
Topics referred to by the same term
the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corona satellites, a 1959-1962 classified U.S. military satellite program publicly labeled the Discoverer non-military
Discoverer
American corporation focused on life science research
enhancement of scanned images, contracted for application to the Corona spy satellite, film imagery. They were a primary supplier of the optical systems
PerkinElmer
India's first solar observation mission
envisaged as a small, 400 kg (880 lb) satellite in a Low Earth Orbit (800 km) with a coronagraph to study the solar corona. An experimental budget of ₹3 crore
Aditya-L1
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
Corona Borealis is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer
Corona_Borealis
Topics referred to by the same term
KH-3 may refer to: CORONA (satellite) KH-3 (drug) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title KH-3. If an internal link incorrectly
KH-3
List of satellites launched by the United States Air Force
portal List of USA satellites (1-500) "KH-4 Corona (Agena-D based)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 October 2025. "KH-4 18 (Corona 59) | Thor DM-21 Agena-D
List_of_OPS_Satellites
Coronograph on the NOAA GOES-19 satellite
Compact CORonograph-1) is a space-based coronograph aboard a geostationary satellite GOES-19 owned by NOAA. Its goal is providing realtime solar data used
CCOR-1
initiative to seek out data from the top secret Corona satellite station. Houston was warned by the Corona station commander, Major Hank Branli, that the
Donald_C._Davis
Ruined Roman fortress in Jordan
spy-satellite photographs became available for study in 1995. Though lacking the details of aerial photography, the first-generation US CORONA satellites
Qasr_Bshir
US DoD division
images from U-2 overflights and film from canisters ejected from Corona satellites, They informed U.S. policymakers and influenced operations during
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency
Archaeological site in Syria
2002–2005). The survey data was combined with LANDSAT and 1960s era CORONA satellite images as well as historical photographs. Many of the finds from the
Tell_Brak
First artificial Earth satellite
ISBN 978-1-56098-025-4. Peebles, Curtis (1997). The Corona Project: America's First Spy Satellites. Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-688-7
Sputnik_1
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABMT) Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapon Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Corona (satellite) Lockheed U-2 Missile Defense Alarm System
Deep_Black_(book)
Tracking method in satellite imagery
and queing, is a method in satellite imagery, remote sensing, and geospatial intelligence in which one sensor, satellite, or platform identifies an area
Tip_and_cue
Kinetic energy device designed to destroy satellites in orbit
December 2024. Peebles, Curtis (1997). The Corona Project: America's First Spy Satellites (Report). "IS anti-satellite system". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved
Anti-satellite_weapon
Cold War term used in the United States
photographs taken by Corona satellites. Although the Soviet R-7 missile launchers were large and would be easy to spot in Corona photographs, they did
Missile_gap
resumes a scientific career). June 25 — A KH-1 Corona satellite, believed to be the first operational spy satellite, is launched as science mission 'Discoverer
1959_in_the_United_States
Inactive U.S. Air Force major command
Air Development Center. WS-117L formed the basis of the Samos and CORONA satellites. Brigadier General Bernard Schriever, Commander, WDD, was instructed
Air_Force_Systems_Command
Canceled U.S. Air Force human spaceflight program
USAF had already started a satellite program in 1956 called WS-117L. This had three components: SAMOS, a spy satellite; Corona, an experimental program
Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory
Earth after space flight. June 25 – A KH-1 Corona satellite, believed to be the first operational spy satellite, is launched as science mission "Discoverer
1959_in_science
Cold War CORONA satellite photographs have been used extensively for base maps and provisional interpretation. In contrast to other imagery, CORONA uses two
Aerial_archaeology
American family of spy satellites
sophisticated mechanical satellite in history. It was conceived in the early 1960s as a replacement for the CORONA search satellites. The goal was to search
KH-9_Hexagon
Natural satellites of the planet Uranus
"Extensional tilt blocks on Miranda: Evidence for an upwelling origin of Arden Corona". Journal of Geophysical Research. 102 (E6): 13, 369–13, 380. Bibcode:1997JGR
Moons_of_Uranus
US intelligence agency in charge of satellite intelligence
detection satellites remained in the Air Force's satellite inventory. The NRO's first photo reconnaissance satellite program was the Corona program, the
National Reconnaissance Office
National_Reconnaissance_Office
deployment in 1970–1971, McMorris participated in a recovery operation of a Corona satellite capsule. She also observed the missile launch of a Soviet guided missile
USS_McMorris
British archaeologist (1948–2014)
northern Syria, Iran and northern Iraq. He worked with declassified CORONA satellite images to research ancient sites and landscapes of Upper Mesopotamia
Tony_Wilkinson
CORONA SATELLITE
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