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Protein complex
different types of condensin complexes, known as condensin I and condensin II, each of which is composed of five subunits (Figure 2). Condensins I and II share
Condensin
Process in mitosis and meiosis
types of condensin complexes, condensin I and condensin II, which partially overlap in function. In some organisms or cell types, condensin I alone is
Chromosome_condensation
Mechanism of nuclear organization
grow loops of DNA or chromatin. In this process, SMC complexes, such as condensin or cohesin, bind to DNA/chromatin, use ATP-driven motor activity to reel
Loop_extrusion
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
that in humans is encoded by the SMC4 gene. SMC-4 is a core subunit of condensin I and II, large protein complexes involved in high order chromosome organization
SMC4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Condensin complex subunit 3 also known as condensin subunit CAP-G (CAP-G) or non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG) is a protein that in humans
NCAPG
function as the core ATPase subunits of large protein complexes such as condensin, cohesin, and SMC5/6. The term SMC derives from a mutant strain of Saccharomyces
SMC_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
non-SMC regulatory proteins to form condensin. In condensin I, SMC2 complexes with CAP-H, CAP-D2, and CAP-G. In condensin II, SMC2 complexes with CAP-H2,
SMC2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Condensin complex subunit 2 also known as chromosome-associated protein H (CAP-H) or non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) is a protein that in
NCAPH
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Condensin-2 complex subunit D3 (CAP-D3) also known as non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3 (NCAPD3) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the
NCAPD3
Proteic structure inside chromosomes
identified as the main components of the scaffold: DNA topoisomerase IIα, condensins, and the KIF4A kinesin. When these proteins are removed, the chromosome
Chromosome_scaffold
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Condensin-2 complex subunit G2 (CAP-G2) also known as chromosome-associated protein G2 (CAP-G2) or leucine zipper protein 5 (LUZP5) is a protein that
NCAPG2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Condensin complex subunit 1 also known as chromosome-associated protein D2 (CAP-D2) or non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) or XCAP-D2 homolog
NCAPD2
Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
order structures. Chromosome scaffolds are made of proteins including condensin, type IIA topoisomerase and kinesin family member 4 (KIF4). The physical
Chromatin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Condensin-2 complex subunit H2, also known as chromosome-associated protein H2 (CAP-H2) or non-SMC condensin II complex subunit H2 (NCAPH2), is a protein
NCAPH2
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
ten-thousand-fold. The chromosome scaffold, which is made of proteins such as condensin, TOP2A and KIF4, plays an important role in holding the chromatin into
Chromosome
Protein complex that regulates the separation of sister chromatids during cell division
Cohesin is a member of the SMC family of protein complexes which includes Condensin, MukBEF and SMC-ScpAB. Cohesin was separately discovered in budding yeast
Cohesin
Failure to separate properly during cell division
in mitosis can be attributed to the inactivation of topoisomerase II, condensin, or separase. Meiotic nondisjunction has been well studied in Saccharomyces
Nondisjunction
Protein tandem repeat
importin β (also known as karyopherin β) family, regulatory subunits of condensin and cohesin, separase, PIKKs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein
HEAT_repeat
Chromatin Dot (PML body) Paraspeckle SMC protein: Cohesin SMC1A SMC1B SMC3 Condensin NCAPD2 NCAPD3 NCAPG NCAPG2 NCAPH NCAPH2 SMC2 SMC4 DNA repair SMC5 SMC6
Perinucleolar_compartment
Amount of twist in a particular DNA strand
sister DNAs are segregated into daughter cells. It has been shown that condensin, a large protein complex that plays a central role in mitotic chromosome
DNA_supercoil
organisation (or the direct interactions of topoisomerase enzymes) in pairing. Condensin (despite dependent interactions with Topoisomerase II) is antagonistic
Homologous_somatic_pairing
First phase of mitosis and meiosis
lengths reaching 0.7 μm down to 0.2-0.3 μm. This process employs the condensin complex. Condensed chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids joined
Prophase
Genus of cnidarians
to other cnidarians, probably due to the loss of multiple subunits of condensin II. It is organized in domains that span dozens to hundreds of megabases
Hydra_(genus)
Class of proteins
modulation likely has implications for neuronal function. Chromatin Cohesin Condensin Fedele, Monica (2006). Encyclopedic reference of genomics and proteomics
Non-histone_protein
Region within a prokaryotic cell containing genetic material
"Multiscale Structuring of the E. coli Chromosome by Nucleoid-Associated and Condensin Proteins". Cell. 172 (4): 771–783.e18. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.027
Nucleoid
Procedure for detection and localization of an antigen
of immunolabeling chromosome structures, such as topoisomerase IIα and condensin in dissected mitotic chromosomes. In particular, these investigators used
Immunolabeling
Definition of scientific term
also present at high concentrations within the chromomere, and acts as a condensin component. High concentrations of tandem repeats of the heterochromatin
Chromomere
Protein
In these cells, the condensin complex does not localize appropriately to the chromosomes. Similarly, in C. elegans, condensin activity is dependent
Aurora_kinase_B
Cell-free system
Identification of importin α/β responsible for nuclear transport Discovery of the condensin complex essential for mitotic chromosome assembly Identification of the
Xenopus_egg_extract
Feature of biological cell structure
decatenation of DNA entanglements, promoting sister chromatid resolution. Condensins are 5-subunit complexes that also use ATP-hydrolysis to promote chromosome
Spindle_apparatus
Mammalian protein found in humans
pRb has been shown to also be able to recruit protein complexes such as condensin and cohesin to assist in the structural maintenance of chromatin. Such
Retinoblastoma_protein
Claire; et al. (28 May 2021). "3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type". Science. 372 (6545): 984–989
Timeline_of_biotechnology
Protein complex that allows microtubules to attach to chromosomes during cell division
progression, and that it interacts with components of the cohesin and condensin complexes. Different laboratories have shown that the Ndc80 complex is
Kinetochore
Institute of Delft University of Technology
their publication entitled 'Real-time imaging of DNA loop extrusion by condensin' appeared in Science in 2018. "Home - Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft"
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience
Kavli_Institute_of_Nanoscience
Self-interacting genomic region
Dekker, Struhl K, Mirny LA, Musacchio A, Marko JF (eds.). "Cohesin and condensin extrude DNA loops in a cell cycle-dependent manner". eLife. 9 e53885.
Topologically associating domain
Topologically_associating_domain
Amino acid sequence
conditions in which desired complexes remain associated. For example, the Condensin Complex was purified by Kim et al. [2010] and complexes with the TAZ transcriptional
SBP-tag
Genomic analysis technique
Edward J.; Uzawa, Satoru; Dekker, Job; Meyer, Barbara J. (July 2015). "Condensin-driven remodelling of X chromosome topology during dosage compensation"
Hi-C (genomic analysis technique)
Hi-C_(genomic_analysis_technique)
Biological process
regulated change in transcription levels. The DCC is often compared to the condensin complex, which is conserved across the mitotic and meiotic processes of
Sex-chromosome dosage compensation
Sex-chromosome_dosage_compensation
British scientist
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.030. PMID 22579284. Boulton, S. J. (2009). "Condensin(g) crossover control to a few breaks". Cell. 139 (1): 21–3. doi:10.1016/j
Simon_Boulton
Biological factor
Promotes mitosis i.e. chromatin condensation through phosphorylation of condensins. The three lamins present in the nuclear lamina, lamin A, B & C, are phosphorylated
Maturation_promoting_factor
Austrian biomedical research organisation
First multi-chamber heart organoids 2022: Disentanglement of the roles of condensin and histone deacetylation in chromosome assembly and chromatin compaction
Institute of Molecular Biotechnology
Institute_of_Molecular_Biotechnology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
structural maintenance chromosomes consists of cohesin (SMC1 AND SMC3), condensin (SMC2 and SMC4), and SMC5/6 complexes. The Smc5/6 complex was discovered
SMC5
Human gene
of IFT complex B BRD7P2 Plus strand 160,100,691-160,102,912 Pseudogene of BRD7 SMC4 Plus strand 160,399,274-160,434,954 Part of the condensin complex
C3orf80
Type of protein, regulators of signalling pathways
compact chromosome. Chromosome scaffold is made of proteins including condensin, topoisomerase IIα and kinesin family member 4 (KIF4) Chromosome scaffold
Scaffold_protein
British geneticist
"Drosophila aurora B kinase is required for histone H3 phosphorylation and condensin recruitment during chromosome condensation and to organize the central
David_Glover_(geneticist)
Austrian American academic molecular and cell biologist (1967–2020)
D'Armours, Damien; Stegmeier, Frank; Amon, Angelika (2004). "Cdc14 and Condensin Control the Dissolution of Cohesin-Independent Chromosome Linkages at
Angelika_Amon
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
overlapping domains of AKAP95 are implicated in chromosome condensation and condensin targeting". EMBO Rep. 3 (5): 426–32. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvf089.
AKAP8
Third stage of Prophase I of Meiosis
Raymond C.; Severson, Aaron F.; Meyer, Barbara J. (22 November 2004). "Condensin restructures chromosomes in preparation for meiotic divisions". The Journal
Pachytene
Process of compacting DNA molecules
compact chromosome. Chromosome scaffold is made of proteins including condensin, topoisomerase IIα and kinesin family member 4 (KIF4) Dinoflagellates
DNA_condensation
RNA-based gene silencing process
Tan EH, Wang F, Pikaard CS (August 2017). "Arabidopsis SMC4 identifies condensin as a corepressor of pericentromeric transposons and conditionally expressed
RNA-directed_DNA_methylation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Hirano T, Kobayashi R, Hirano M (1997). "Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and
Macrophage-capping_protein
Class of DNA-supercoiling enzymes
supercoiling has been found in mesophilic organisms. For example, telomeres and condensins can both utilize positive supercoiling as a means for contributing to
Reverse_gyrase
eliminating ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcripts that otherwise would block condensin binding to rDNA. In S. cerevisiae, Cdc14 is regulated by its competitive
Cdc14
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and can be broken into 3 groups based on function which are cohesins, condensins, and DNA repair. SMC-1B belongs to a family of proteins required for chromatid
SMC1B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of early mitosis. The active complex phosphorylates and activates 13S condensin, which helps to condense chromosomes. Another important function of the
Cyclin_B1
Control of DNA to RNA conversion in cells
TFIIIC that help recruiting structural partners such as cohesins and condensins. The localization and binding of architectural proteins to their corresponding
Transcriptional_regulation
Protein found in humans
Wong CH, Lee YP, Li HY (June 2011). "Caspase-3-mediated degradation of condensin Cap-H regulates mitotic cell death". Cell Death and Differentiation. 18
Caspase-activated_DNase
Claire; et al. (28 May 2021). "3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type". Science. 372 (6545): 984–989
2021_in_science
Single-molecule imaging technique
Musacchio, Andrea; Vannini, Alessandro; Greene, Eric C. (2020). "Human Condensin I and II Drive Extensive ATP-Dependent Compaction of Nucleosome-Bound
DNA_curtain
Overview of the events of 2021 in science
Claire; et al. (28 May 2021). "3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type". Science. 372 (6545): 984–989
April–June_2021_in_science
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