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Qing dynasty merchant guilds
The Cohong, sometimes spelled kehang or gonghang, a guild of Chinese merchants or hongs, operated the import–export monopoly in Canton (present-day Guangzhou)
Cohong
Chinese foreign trade policy (1757–1842)
Qianlong Emperor, they became officially sanctioned as a monopoly known as the Cohong. Thereafter Chinese merchants dealing with foreign trade (Chinese: 洋行; pinyin:
Canton_System
Early commerce between the Chinese Qing Empire and the US
trade. The Cohong reviewed the cargo of each ship and collected tariffs that were then passed onto the Hoppo (Inspector of Customs). The Cohong was at the
Old_China_Trade
1839–1842 war between the United Kingdom and China
function of the Cohong was the traditional bond signed between a Cohong member and a foreign merchant. This bond stated that the receiving Cohong member was
First_Opium_War
Chinese hong merchant (1769–1843)
the Thirteen Factories, head of the E-wo hong and leader of the Canton Cohong. He was once the richest man in the world. A Hokkien by his paternal ancestry
Howqua
Area of Guangzhou, China, c. 1684 to 1856
strongly at the Cohong's control over prices, advances, and exchange rates and predicted the death of trade with China. In fact, the Cohong helped ensure
Thirteen_Factories
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
forty individual houses in 1725 known as the Cohong system. Firmly established by 1757, the Canton Cohong was an association of thirteen business firms
Qing_dynasty
Major business houses in Canton
host foreign traders and the products purchased, under the aegis of the cohong. The hongs (or Factories) were usually owned by hong merchants such as Pan
Hong_(business)
1602–1799 Dutch trading company
articles v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese
Dutch_East_India_Company
Emperor of China from 1722 to 1735
station were grouped together under a larger organization by Yongzheng called Cohong in 1725. This group was responsible for policing all trade within the Canton
Yongzheng_Emperor
Qing dynasty merchant house
Chinese: 伍国莹) in Canton (Guangzhou) in 1783 and later became the leader of the cohong of the Thirteen Factories under the stewardship of Howqua, who took over
Ewo_(hong)
Emperor of China from 1735 to 1796
port permitted to foreign traders, beginning the Canton System, with its Cohong and Thirteen Factories. During the mid-18th century, European powers began
Qianlong_Emperor
British joint-stock company (1600–1858)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
East_India_Company
1839 event starting the First Opium War
apply. On 18 March 1839, Lin summoned the twelve Chinese merchants of the Cohong who acted as intermediaries for the foreign opium traders. He told them
Destruction_of_opium_at_Humen
Chinese merchant
known as Pan Wenyan, or Zhencheng, was a Chinese merchant and member of a cohong family, which traded with the Europeans in Canton (now known as Guangzhou)
Puankhequa
Type of guild
further defined capital requirements for each rank. Ten Great Merchant Guilds Cohong Ainnurruvar Anjuvannam Shreni Trade Guilds of South India Za (guilds) Kabunakama
Merchant_Guild
1842 treaty between Qing China and Britain
1760. Under Article V, the treaty abolished the former monopoly of the Cohong and their Thirteen Factories in Canton. Four additional "treaty ports" opened
Treaty_of_Nanking
controlled by two monopolies: the Chinese Cohong (trading companies) and the British East India Company. The Cohong acquired tea from 'tea men' who had an
History_of_tea
Jewish merchant of Baghdad (1792–1864)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
David_Sassoon_(treasurer)
Isolationist policy in early modern China
port permitted to foreign traders, beginning the Canton System, with its Cohong and Thirteen Factories. Under the Canton system, the Qianlong Emperor restricted
Haijin
Calendar year
Qing government announces that all western businessmen have to use the Cohong in Guangzhou to trade. Pierre Louis Maupertuis publishes Sur la figure de
1738
Influential groups of merchants in Chinese history
Shaanxi Merchants Shandong Merchants Fujian (Min) Merchants Hong (business) Cohong Jiao (commercial guild) Merchant guilds Robert Gardella; Andrea McElderry;
Ten_Great_Merchant_Guilds
Chinese scholar-official (1785–1850)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Lin_Zexu
British businessman and politician (1784–1843)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
William_Jardine_(merchant)
City in Fujian, China
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Xiamen
First British diplomatic mission to China (1793)
17th and 18th centuries. This system channeled formal trade through the Cohong, a guild of thirteen trading companies (known in Cantonese as "hong") selected
Macartney_Embassy
Asian trading company
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
David_Sassoon_&_Co.
merchants operating in the Thirteen Factories were organized into a guild, the Cohong, and given an official monopoly. 1771 The Putuo Zongcheng Temple was completed
Timeline_of_Chinese_history
Former trading company
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
E._D._Sassoon_&_Co.
American trader
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
David_Olyphant
Trading company in Hong Kong and China
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Shewan,_Tomes_&_Co.
British businessman (1786–1867)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Hollingworth_Magniac
Chinese Qing dynasty politician (1772–1835)
operated in the southern port by a group of Chinese merchants known as the Cohong from the Thirteen Factories on the banks of the Pearl River. In 1834 Lord
Lu_Kun
American banker and diplomat
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Albert_Heard
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
James_Flint_(merchant)
American merchant
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
John_Cleve_Green
American businessman (1811–1893)
Americans in China, a very important Hong merchant, head of the Canton Cohong and one of the richest men in China. The company, A. A. Low & Brother named
Abiel_Abbot_Low
State of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law
trade in the region of Canton, exclusively with Chinese merchants called Cohongs. Chinese merchants benefitted significantly out of the deal, contributing
Extraterritoriality
Scottish naturalist and merchant (1775–1841)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Thomas_Beale
Scottish taipan (1796 - 1878)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
James_Matheson
Mongol nobleman and Chinese official (1786–1854)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Qishan_(official)
19th century company
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Dent_&_Co.
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Gibb,_Livingston_&_Co.
were permitted to trade with a group of Chinese merchants known as the Cohong who operated from Thirteen Factories located on the banks of the Pearl River
History of Jardine Matheson & Co.
History_of_Jardine_Matheson_&_Co.
British opium trader
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Lancelot_Dent
American entrepreneur, businessman and trader
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Augustine_Heard
Chinese merchant group
on foreign trade by the government of the Qing dynasty was known as the cohong system (or the kung hung system), only select Chinese merchants were allowed
Shanxi_merchants
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Thomas_Chay_Beale
American merchant trading house or hong in 19th-century China
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Olyphant_&_Co.
American businessman
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Robert_Morrison_Olyphant
American merchant
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Russell_Sturgis_(1805–1887)
Chinese erotic novel
Xiaoguan (笑官), is unwilling to follow in the footsteps of his father, a Cohong merchant, preferring to lead a hedonistic lifestyle instead. Su's father
Shenlou_zhi
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
History_of_Shanghai
American entrepreneur and trader
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Samuel_Russell
1841 unequal treaty between the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire
no military options left, Yishan surrendered, sending one of the canton cohongs, Howqua, to negotiate with the British, led by Charles Elliot, on his behalf
Convention_of_Canton
19th century American trading house in China
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Russell_&_Company
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
History_of_Hong_Kong
Decade
Qing government announces that all western businessmen have to use the Cohong in Guangzhou to trade. Pierre Louis Maupertuis publishes Sur la figure de
1730s
cater to the interests of the European factors. Some members of Guangzhou's Cohong were counted among the richest men in the world;[citation needed] Howqua
Economic history of China before 1912
Economic_history_of_China_before_1912
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
History_of_Macau
Major nineteenth-century American trading firm in Qing China
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Augustine_Heard_&_Co.
American diplomat
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Robert_Bennet_Forbes
Official of Qing China (1790–1878)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Yishan_(official)
Scottish merchant
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
John_Reid_(merchant)
American merchant
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
William_Henry_Low
Street in Hong Kong
traditional Chinese: 伍國瑩) in Canton in 1783, which later became the leader of the cohong of the Thirteen Factories under the stewardship of Howqua, who took over
Yee_Wo_Street
French diplomatic mission to Cambodia, Siam and Vietnam in 1856
Nanking Treaty was concluded in August 1842, which abolished the monopoly of Cohong merchants in Canton by allowing the British to trade freely in five mentioned
Montigny_Mission
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Robert_Shewan
Scottish merchant and fur trader (1759–1842)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
Daniel_Beale
Former officer of imperial China, ranking below the Emperor
choice but to surrender, leading him to send Howqua, a hong of the Canton Cohongs to negotiate with Elliot, who still led the British. The negotiation resulted
Imperial_Commissioner_(China)
British politician (1802–1871)
v t e European and American trade in Qing China Topics Canton System Cohong East India Company James Flint Old China Trade Thirteen Factories Chinese Hongs
John_Abel_Smith
COHONG
COHONG
COHONG
COHONG
Girl/Female
Indian
Virtuous, Pious, God-fearing and devoted to God
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anvitha | அநà¯à®µà®¿à®¤à®¾
Who bridges the gap
Girl/Female
Indian
A star
Female
English
English variant spelling of French Corinne, KORRINE means "maiden."
Boy/Male
English Irish Teutonic
Derivative of the Scandinavian god of battle 'Tyr.' Tuesday was named for Tyr.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Vision of God's Light
Girl/Female
Indian
Many signs & proofs, Verses in the Quran, Royal
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English haue, habbe ‘(may he/you) have’ + god ‘good’, perhaps a nickname for someone who habitually used this phrase.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Coral, Strong, Powerful
Girl/Female
Christian, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Sanskrit, Traditional
Fairy
COHONG
COHONG
COHONG
COHONG
COHONG