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Biochemical test in microbiology
The citrate test detects the ability of an organism to use citrate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Bacteria are inoculated on a medium containing
Citrate_test
Microbiological and biochemical method for identification
each of these tests. "I" is for indole test; "M" is for methyl red test; "V" is for Voges-Proskauer test, and "C" is for citrate test. The lower case
IMViC
Differential culture medium
medium that tests for an organism's ability to use citrate as a sole carbon source and ammonium ions as the sole nitrogen source. After citrate enters a
Simmons'_citrate_agar
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
citrate may refer to any of the sodium salts of citric acid (though most commonly the third): Monosodium citrate Disodium citrate Trisodium citrate The
Sodium_citrate
Microbiological and biochemical method for identification
tests include: the indole test [I], the methyl red test [M], and the citrate test [C]. VP positive organisms include Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia
Voges–Proskauer_test
Diagnostic test for infectious mononucleosis
cells is used in an isotonic 3–8% sodium citrate formulation. One drop of the patient's serum to be tested is mixed on an opal glass slide with one drop
Heterophile_antibody_test
Type of microbiology test
The disk diffusion test (also known as the agar diffusion test, Kirby–Bauer test, disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test, disc-diffusion antibiotic
Disk_diffusion_test
Diagnostic testing performed at or near the point of care
Point-of-care testing (POCT), also called near-patient testing or bedside testing, is defined as medical diagnostic testing at or near the point of care—that
Point-of-care_testing
Biochemical method to identify bacteria
The other three tests include: the methyl red test [M], the Voges–Proskauer test [V] and the citrate test [C]. Bachoon, Dave S., and Wendy A. Dustman.
Indole_test
Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen peroxide before the lens is used again. The catalase test is one of the three main tests used by microbiologists to identify species of bacteria.
Catalase
Gynecologic test
A vaginal wet mount (or vaginal smear or wet prep) is a gynecologic test wherein a sample of vaginal discharge is observed by wet mount microscopy by placing
Vaginal_wet_mount
Petri dish with agar used to culture microbes
isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. Thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose agar enhances growth of Vibrio spp., including Vibrio
Agar_plate
Multiprotein Nickel-containing complex which hydrolyses urea
"Endoscopic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by rapid urease test in bleeding peptic ulcers: a prospective case-control study". Journal of
Urease
Investigative procedure in microbiology
Bacterial cell structure Ziehl–Neelsen stain "Gram Stain: MedlinePlus Medical Test". medlineplus.gov. Colco, R. (2006). Gram Staining. Current Protocols in
Gram_stain
Test to differentiate between skin fungi
The KOH test, also known as a potassium hydroxide preparation or KOH prep, is a quick, inexpensive fungal test to differentiate dermatophytes and Candida
KOH_test
Microbiological and biochemical method for identification
The oxidase test is used to determine whether an organism possesses the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. The test is used as an aid for the differentiation
Oxidase_test
Test for Heliobacter pylori infection
Rapid urease test, also known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test), is a rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. The
Rapid_urease_test
Absence of disease-causing microorganisms
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
Asepsis
Chemical indicator that turns red in acidic solutions
red test (MR test), used to identify bacteria producing stable acids by mechanisms of mixed acid fermentation of glucose (cf. Voges–Proskauer test). The
Methyl_red
Test for strep throat
The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis
Rapid_strep_test
Method of allowing microorganisms to multiply in a controlled medium
used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested, or both. It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology and
Microbiological_culture
Microbiology test used in medicine
Antibiotic sensitivity testing or antibiotic susceptibility testing is the measurement of the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. It is used because
Antibiotic sensitivity testing
Antibiotic_sensitivity_testing
Branch of medical science
a microscope. This technique is widely used today. In 1910 Paul Ehrlich tested multiple combinations of arsenic based chemicals on infected rabbits with
Medical_microbiology
Highly soluble organic compound, food ingredient
Ammonium ferric citrate (also known as ferric ammonium citrate or ammoniacal ferrous citrate) has the formula [NH4]{y}[Fe{x}(C6H4O7)]. The iron in this
Ammonium_ferric_citrate
Test for syphilis
The rapid plasma reagin test (RPR test or RPR titer) is a type of rapid diagnostic test that looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood of the patient
Rapid_plasma_reagin
Solid, liquid or gel used to grow microorganisms or cells
of bacteria. Examples of differential media: Blood agar (used in strep tests) contains bovine heart blood that becomes transparent in the presence of
Growth_medium
Stain used for diagnosis of malaria
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
Giemsa_stain
Breakdown of red blood cells
Staphylococcus aureus. This phenomenon is the mechanism behind the CAMP test, a test that was historically used for the identification of Streptococcus agalactiae
Hemolysis_(microbiology)
Autotomated microbiology analyzer
analyzers for microbial identification (ID) and antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST). Vitek was developed in the 1960s between NASA and the defense contractor
VITEK
Type of microbiology test
Etest (previously known as the Epsilometer test) is a way of determining antimicrobial sensitivity by placing a strip impregnated with antimicrobials onto
Etest
Technique used to enhance visual contrast of specimens observed under a microscope
hexamine, indium trichloride, lanthanum(III) nitrate, lead acetate, lead citrate, lead(II) nitrate, periodic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, potassium ferricyanide
Staining
Bacteriological technique
bacterium that typically infects the human lungs. Testing for TB includes blood testing, skin tests, and chest X-rays. When looking at the smears for
Ziehl–Neelsen_stain
Test to detect bloodstream infections
A blood culture is a medical laboratory test used to detect bacteria or fungi in a person's blood. Under normal conditions, the blood does not contain
Blood_culture
Simmons' citrate agar is used to test whether an organism can utilize citrate for its sole carbon source.[citation needed] The spot indole test is used
Diagnostic_microbiology
Chemical reagent
is a chemical reagent and complex mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. It is often used in place of Fehling's
Benedict's_reagent
Scale for turbidity measurement
a given range to standardize microbial testing. An example of such testing is antibiotic susceptibility testing by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration
McFarland_standards
Concentration of chemical that stops bacterial growth
drug, which prevents visible in vitro growth of bacteria or fungi. MIC testing is performed in both diagnostic and drug discovery laboratories. The MIC
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Minimum_inhibitory_concentration
Device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
Incubator_(culture)
Class of bacterial proteins
coagulase test would indicate the presence of S. aureus or any of the other 11 coagulase-positive Staphylococci. A negative coagulase test would instead
Coagulase
Type of laboratory equipment
series of test methods (referenced within AS2252.2). The field test requirements may include: Air velocity within the work zone. Air barrier testing (barrier
Biosafety_cabinet
Ionization technique
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption/ionization
Process for assessing human fertility
after IVF treatment. The clomifene citrate challenge test is similar to cycle-day-three FSH testing. To perform this test blood samples are taken on day three
Fertility_testing
Microbiological method for identification
The CAMP test (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen) is a test to identify group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) based on their formation
CAMP_test
Examination of microbial colonies
identity of the organism, allowing microbiologists to select appropriate tests to provide a definitive identification. When a specimen arrives in the microbiology
Colonial_morphology
Microbiology equipment
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
McIntosh and Fildes' anaerobic jar
McIntosh_and_Fildes'_anaerobic_jar
Method to test for microorganisms in liquids
A dip slide (or dipslide) is a test for the presence of microorganisms in liquids. The use of dip slides is the method most frequently used to measure
Dip_slide
Presence of bacteria in urine
common bacterium found. People without symptoms should generally not be tested for the condition. Differential diagnosis include contamination. If symptoms
Bacteriuria
Chemical compound
optochin in laboratory testing. This is notable because the emergence of optochin-resistant strains would invalidate the distinguishing test described above
Optochin
Tool used by microbiologists
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
Inoculation_loop
System for classifying streptococci bacteria
designations are still often used to communicate medical microbiological test results. The classification assigns a letter code to each serotype. There
Lancefield_grouping
Laboratory technique to identify viruses
samples of a virus are placed to different cell lines which the virus being tested for its ability to infect. If the cells show changes, known as cytopathic
Viral_culture
Method for isolation of bacterial strains
grown on a new plate so that the organism can be identified, studied, or tested. Different patterns can be used to streak a plate. All involve the dilution
Streaking_(microbiology)
Microbiological method for rapid identification
index, or API, is a classification system for bacteria based on biochemical tests. The system was developed to accelerate the speed of identifying clinically
Analytical_profile_index
Chemical compound
enclomifene was discontinued for all indications. Clomiphene citrate, which enclomiphene citrate is derived from, is a drug approved by the Food and Drug
Enclomifene
react with water to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide along with sodium citrate (C3H5O(COONa)3) and water as byproducts [1]. Again, hydrogen and oxygen
Gas-pak
Sulphide Indole Motility (SIM) medium is a bacterial growth medium which tests for the ability to reduce sulfates, the ability to produce indoles, and
Sulphide Indole Motility medium
Sulphide_Indole_Motility_medium
Medical test to detect & identify bacteria or fungi in lung airways
A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the
Sputum_culture
Separation of a strain from a mixed population of microbes
is used in environmental microbiology and food microbiology (e.g. dairy testing) to establish the so-called 'aerobic plate count'. After the sample is
Isolation_(microbiology)
Differential medium used in microbiology
The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test is a microbiological test roughly named for its ability to test a microorganism's ability to ferment sugars and to produce
TSI_slant
Chemical compound
Thomas R. (1986). "Value of the l-pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide hydrolysis test for identification of select gram-positive cocci". Diagnostic Microbiology
Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide
Species of bacterium
characterised by being as catalase-positive, phenylalanine deaminase-negative, citrate test-positive, and urease-positive. Among its virulence factors are its capsule
Klebsiella_granulomatis
Chemical compound
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
Novobiocin
Culture medium used in microbiology
Thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose agar, or TCBS agar, is a type of selective agar culture plate that is used in microbiology laboratories to isolate
Thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose agar
Thiosulfate–citrate–bile_salts–sucrose_agar
Laboratory equipment
test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine
Inoculation_needle
Medical diagnostic method
A throat culture is a laboratory diagnostic test that evaluates for the presence of a bacterial or fungal infection in the throat. A sample from the throat
Throat_culture
Oxidative/fermentation glucose test (OF glucose test) is a biological technique. It was developed in 1953 by Hugh and Leifson to be utilized in microbiology
Oxidative/fermentation glucose test
Oxidative/fermentation_glucose_test
Glass or plastic laboratory glassware
5 ml test tube containing sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, used to collect blood for coagulation and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase testing. Small
Test_tube
Medication
Caffeine citrate, sold under the brand name Cafcit among others, is a medication used to treat a lack of breathing in premature babies. Specifically it
Caffeine_citrate
Tubes used in microbiology
are simply smaller test tubes inserted upside down in another test tube so they are freely movable. The culture media to be tested is then added to the
Durham_tube
Antihistamine medication
"Diphenhydramine citrate". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Pope C (28 August 2023). "Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride vs Citrate: What's the difference
Diphenhydramine
Blood test that evaluates clotting
extracted from the test tube and placed into a measuring test tube (Note: for an accurate measurement, the ratio of blood to citrate needs to be fixed
Prothrombin_time
Opioid medication
production of fentanyl citrate (the salt formed by combining fentanyl and citric acid in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio). Fentanyl citrate entered medical use
Fentanyl
Scientific study
coli usually does grow on citrate in anaerobic conditions and has an active citric acid cycle which can metabolize citrate even under aerobic conditions
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
Test for coagulation of blood
silica, celite, and ellagic acid. Blood is drawn into a test tube containing oxalate or citrate, molecules which act as an anticoagulant by binding the
Partial_thromboplastin_time
Process of obtaining intravenous access
morphology. Sodium citrate is the anticoagulant used in specimens collected for coagulation tests. The majority of chemistry and immunology tests are performed
Venipuncture
Species of bacterium
hydrolysis and citrate degradation. Citrate is used by S. marcescens to produce pyruvic acid, thus it can rely on citrate as a carbon source and test positive
Serratia_marcescens
Interconnected biochemical reactions releasing energy
name is derived from the citric acid (a tricarboxylic acid, often called citrate, as the ionized form predominates at biological pH) that is consumed and
Citric_acid_cycle
Medical procedure involving an incision in a vein
people trained to draw blood mostly from veins for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research. Blood is collected primarily by
Phlebotomy
Species of bacterium
Sphingomonas species display motility by polar flagellation. Citrate testing shows that citrate is not a carbon source for most Sphingomonas species . There
Sphingomonas_phyllosphaerae
Blood test used to measure the amount of fetal hemoglobin
The Kleihauer–Betke ("KB") test, Kleihauer–Betke ("KB") stain, Kleihauer test or acid elution test is a blood test used to measure the amount of fetal
Kleihauer–Betke_test
Type of blood collection equipment for medical testing
ultrasonic nozzle. The additives may include anticoagulants (EDTA, sodium citrate, heparin) or a gel with density between those of blood cells and blood
Vacutainer
Species of bacterium
production. As demonstrated by a negative Simmon's citrate test result, A. equuli is not able to use citrate as its sole carbon source for energy. The major
Actinobacillus_equuli
Drug for erectile dysfunction and hypertension
Viatris after Upjohn was spun off from Pfizer. Pfizer's patent on sildenafil citrate expired in Brazil in 2010. In Canada, Pfizer's patent 2,324,324 for Revatio
Sildenafil
Chemical compound
pentyl group. The compound is an aliphatic amine. The hydrochloride and citrate salts of DMBA has been identified as unapproved ingredients in some over-the-counter
1,3-Dimethylbutylamine
Medical condition
formation (related to alkaline urine, hypercalciuria, and low urinary citrate). Nephrocalcinosis (deposition of calcium in the substance of the kidney)
Distal_renal_tubular_acidosis
Common human medical data ranges for blood test results
Mid-luteal phase plasma progesterone levels in spontaneous and clomiphene citrate induced conception cycles Archived 2010-06-02 at the Wayback Machine J
Reference ranges for blood tests
Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests
Skeletal muscle relaxant
Orphenadrine has been available as a citrate salt and a hydrochloride salt; in the US as of February 2016 the citrate form was available in tablets, extended
Orphenadrine
Formation of mineral deposits in the kidneys
though this concept is controversial since citrate does inhibit calcium phosphate crystallization. Testing the urine periodically with nitrazine paper
Kidney_stone_disease
Chemical compound
glucose. Aesculetin forms dark brown or black complexes with ferric citrate, allowing the test to be read. The bile aesculin agar is streaked and incubated at
Aesculin
Stimulation of ovulation by medication
(as evidenced by clomifene citrate), since the latter ones are less expensive and more easy to control. Clomifene citrate (Clomid is a common brand name)
Ovulation_induction
Pharmaceutical combination
Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol sold under the brandname Microlax and Micolette Micro enema, among others, is a small tube of liquid
Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol
Sodium_citrate/sodium_lauryl_sulfoacetate/glycerol
A medical test is a medical procedure performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, or to determine a course of
List_of_medical_tests
Anti-cancer medication
Canada. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2024. "Voranigo- vorasidenib citrate tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024
Vorasidenib
Neurological disease
SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder, or SLC13A5 Epilepsy, is a rare genetic spectrum disorder that presents with neurological symptoms. Symptoms include
SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder
SLC13A5_citrate_transporter_disorder
Chemical compound
Ranitidine bismuth citrate - drug, which has antisecretory and bactericidal action. Group affiliation: H2-histamine receptor blocker. Pills. The film-coated
Ranitidine_bismuth_citrate
Assisted reproductive technology procedure
easy to control. It generally involves antiestrogens such as clomifene citrate or letrozole, and is followed by natural or artificial insemination. Surrogacy
In_vitro_fertilisation
Brand of lemon–lime soft drink
chelating agent calcium disodium EDTA, and replacing sodium citrate with potassium citrate to reduce the beverage's sodium content. This reformulation
7_Up
Measure of red blood cell volume variation as part of a standard blood test
RDW reading can occur if EDTA anticoagulated blood is used instead of citrated blood. See Pseudothrombocytopenia. By severity, elevated RDW can be classified
Red blood cell distribution width
Red_blood_cell_distribution_width
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
February 2025. "Tamoxifen citrate tablet, film coated". DailyMed. Retrieved 12 September 2021. "Soltamox- tamoxifen citrate liquid". DailyMed. Retrieved
Tamoxifen
Human male external reproductive organ
including the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor drugs (such as sildenafil citrate, marketed as Viagra), which work by vasodilation. Priapism, a form of persistent
Human_penis
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