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Type of genomic instability
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a type of genomic instability in which chromosomes are unstable, such that either whole chromosomes or parts of chromosomes
Chromosome_instability
Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes
remaining arm duplicates. Chromosome instability syndromes are a group of disorders characterized by chromosomal instability and breakage. They often lead
Chromosome_abnormality
Group of inherited conditions
Chromosome instability syndromes are a group of inherited conditions associated with chromosomal instability and breakage. They often lead to an increased
Chromosome instability syndrome
Chromosome_instability_syndrome
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe. This
Chromosome
Genetic disorder
class of clinical entities that are characterized by chromosomal instability, genomic instability, or both, and cancer predisposition. Cells from a person
Bloom_syndrome
Small nucleus in the cells of some organisms
during cell division. It usually is a sign of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability. Micronuclei are commonly seen in cancerous cells and may indicate
Micronucleus
Presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
syndromes in which an individual is predisposed to breakage of chromosomes (chromosome instability syndromes) are frequently associated with increased risk
Aneuploidy
Medical condition
(NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder causing chromosomal instability, probably as a result of a defect in the double Holliday junction
Nijmegen_breakage_syndrome
mechanism of chromosomal instability, discovered by Barbara McClintock in the late 1930s. The BFB cycle begins when the end region of a chromosome, called
Breakage-fusion-bridge_cycle
Rare neurodegenerative disease
subclasses) and a low number of lymphocytes in the blood Chromosomal instability (broken pieces of chromosomes) Increased sensitivity of cells to x-ray exposure
Ataxia–telangiectasia
Improper chromosomal separation during cell division
is genomic instability, referring to the increased frequency in sequence mutation, chromosome rearrangement, and aneuploidy. The instability allows a cancerous
Anaphase_lag
Medical condition
Komatsu, Kenshi; Ikeuchi, Tatsuro; Kajii, Tadashi (2000-08-01). "Chromosomal Instability Syndrome of Total Premature Chromatid Separation with Mosaic Variegated
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome
Mosaic_variegated_aneuploidy_syndrome
Phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of an chromosomes
one set of chromosomal arms. Dicentric chromosomes are chromosomes with two centromeres, resulting in an instability within the chromosome and a loss
Chromosomal_translocation
High frequency of mutations within the genome of a cellular lineage
sequences, chromosomal rearrangements or aneuploidy. Genome instability does occur in bacteria. In multicellular organisms genome instability is central
Genome_instability
Spreading of a disease inside a body
tumor. Recent work identified a form of genetic instability in cancer called chromosome instability (CIN) as a driver of metastasis. In aggressive cancer
Metastasis
Sex chromosome present in both sexes in the XY and X0 sex-determination systems
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in many organisms, including mammals, and is found in both males and females. It is a part of the XY
X_chromosome
British biochemist and molecular biologist
biochemist and molecular biologist and specialises on research into chromosome instability and links to cancer. West obtained his BSc in 1974, and his PhD
Stephen_C._West
Failure to separate properly during cell division
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three
Nondisjunction
Blocks of DNA
between the location of segmental duplications and regions of chromosomal instability. This correlation suggests that they may be mediators of some genomic
Segmental duplication on the human Y chromosome
Segmental_duplication_on_the_human_Y_chromosome
Tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system
repair by an imprecise processes such as non-homologous end joining. Chromosome instability in chronic myeloid leukemia may be due to oxidative damage to DNA
Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Tumors_of_the_hematopoietic_and_lymphoid_tissues
Genetic disease causing anemia, birth defects, and cancers
PMID 11427142. Institut Biologia Fonamental de Barcelona, "Constitutional chromosomal instability: a case with three primary and sequential cancers" Archived 2010-10-03
Fanconi_anemia
Loss of reproductive and hormonal function of the ovaries before age 40
as well as chromosomal instability. MCM9, as well as MCM8, mutations are also associated with ovarian failure and chromosomal instability. The MCM8-MCM9
Primary_ovarian_insufficiency
Chromosome whose ends have fused together to form a ring
studies of their behavior and instability in plant cells. Early cytological syntheses subsequently listed ring chromosomes in Crepis (Navashin, 1930), Drosophila
Ring_chromosome
The list of organisms by chromosome count describes the numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms
List of organisms by chromosome count
List_of_organisms_by_chromosome_count
Medical condition
duplication of the MECP2 or Methyl CpG binding protein 2 gene located on the X chromosome (Xq28). The MeCP2 protein plays a pivotal role in regulating brain function
MECP2_duplication_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of cell cycle genes. The MECOM gene is located in the human genome on chromosome 3 (3q26.2). The gene spans 60 kilobases and encodes 16 exons, 10 of which
MECOM
Medical condition
Immunodeficiency–centromeric instability–facial anomalies syndrome (also known as ICF syndrome or immunodeficiency, centromere instability and facial anomalies
Immunodeficiency–centromeric instability–facial anomalies syndrome
Immunodeficiency–centromeric_instability–facial_anomalies_syndrome
Cell cycle checkpoint
ensure the proper chromosome segregation in each cell cycle preventing chromosome instability (CIN) also known as genome instability. Genomic integrity
Spindle_checkpoint
Genes that encode genome-stabilizing products
in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and chromosomal instability arising from improper rearrangement of chromosomes. Changes in the genome that allow uncontrolled
Caretaker_gene
Cell cycle regulator
and bone. In colorectal cancer, loss of EMI1 expression causes chromosome instability (CIN), increases DNA double-stranded break, and causes cellular
Early_Mitotic_Inhibitor_1
Species of bacterium
superoxide under selected growth conditions that can generate chromosomal instability in mammalian cells Resists intracanal medicaments (e.g. calcium
Enterococcus_faecalis
American cancer researcher (born 1956)
D'Andrea's research at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute focuses on chromosome instability and cancer susceptibility. He is currently the director of the Center
Alan_D'Andrea
Topics referred to by the same term
that could potentially lead to cervical cancer. Chromosome instability, a type of genomic instability Contrast-induced nephropathy, a form of kidney damage
Cin
Uterine cancer that is located in tissues lining the uterus
the cancer tends to be particularly aggressive. P53 mutations and chromosome instability are associated with serous carcinomas, which tend to resemble ovarian
Endometrial_cancer
Type of long noncoding RNA
seen on a cellular level, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and chromosomal instability. Yang, Zhi; Zhao, Yongqiang; Lin, Guofu; Zhou, Xiangyu; Jiang,
Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage
Noncoding_RNA_Activated_by_DNA_Damage
A dicentric chromosome is an abnormal chromosome with two centromeres. It is formed through the fusion of two chromosome segments, each with a centromere
Dicentric_chromosome
Cytogenetic feature
chromosome structure, the conservation throughout species could also indicate that they may have some conserved biological purpose. The instability of
Chromosomal_fragile_site
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Characteristics of this disorder are features of premature aging, chromosome instability and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ruijs-Aalfs syndrome
SPRTN
Indian biochemistr and academic
damage responses in mammalian cells, and mechanisms underlying chromosome instability genetic diseases and cancer. The Department of Biotechnology of
Ganesh_Nagaraju
Medical condition
8 causes Warkany syndrome 2, a human chromosomal disorder caused by having three copies (trisomy) of chromosome 8. It can appear with or without mosaicism
Trisomy_8
American cell biologist (born 1967)
gene expression, stress adaptation, and genome instability. As aneuploidy and chromosome instability are hallmarks of cancer, her results on how aneuploidy
Rong_Li
some chromosomal instability. In addition to the aforementioned tendency to diploidize, they also exhibit structural and numeric instabilities. As a
HAP1_cells
Genetic disorders due to increases in the number of repeating nucleotides
repeats and carriers of the disease have 60 to 230 repeats. The chromosomal instability resulting from this trinucleotide expansion presents clinically
Trinucleotide_repeat_disorder
Protein complex
Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome. All three disorders belong to a group of chromosomal instability syndromes that are associated with impaired DNA damage response
MRN_complex
in cancer cells can result in instability in multiple chromosomes. These recent results suggest that telomere instability could be an important early event
Radiobiology evidence for protons and HZE nuclei
Radiobiology_evidence_for_protons_and_HZE_nuclei
Cancer researcher
to improve precision medicine for cancers with high levels of chromosomal instability. Markowetz has degrees in Mathematics and Philosophy from Heidelberg
Florian_Markowetz
Inactivation of copies of X chromosome
by which one of the copies of the X chromosome is inactivated in therian female mammals. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by being packaged into a
X-inactivation
Member of the cyclin protein family
induction of cell proliferation, increased cell survival, induction of chromosomal instability, restraint of autophagy and potentially non-canonical functions
Cyclin_D
Specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids
chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm (p) and a long arm
Centromere
Genetic testing technique
E, Tornillo L, Lugli A, Di Vizio D, et al. (April 2008). "Chromosomal instability in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas: a fluorescent
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization
Protein complex that regulates the separation of sister chromatids during cell division
Mutations in DDX11, a helicase interacting with cohesin. Symptoms: Chromosomal instability, intellectual disability, and growth defects. Cohesin mutations
Cohesin
Topics referred to by the same term
play The Apple Cart Breakage-fusion-bridge cycle, a mechanism of chromosomal instability The Breakage of the Sunflower, Iraqi novels This disambiguation
Breakage
Mammalian protein found in humans
et al. (August 2009). "VHL loss causes spindle misorientation and chromosome instability". Nature Cell Biology. 11 (8): 994–1001. doi:10.1038/ncb1912. PMID 19620968
Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
Von_Hippel–Lindau_tumor_suppressor
Extra X and Y chromosome in males
a sex chromosome anomaly in which males have two extra chromosomes, one X and one Y chromosome. Human cells usually contain two sex chromosomes, one from
XXYY_syndrome
1951 mouse tumour still used in research
deregulated or affected. The major mutational processes in LLC include chromosomal instability, exposure to metabolic mutagens, spontaneous 5–methylcytosine deamination
Lewis_lung_carcinoma
Type of genetic mutation
Some chromosomal regions are more prone to rearrangement than others and thus are the source of genetic diseases and cancer. This instability is usually
Chromosomal_rearrangement
Form taken by the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell
(expressing both X chromosomes) can result in misregulation of heterochromatin. This misregulation leaves the potential of epigenetic instability and irregular
Barr_body
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Loss of p53 and MCT-1 overexpression synergistically promote chromosome instability and tumorigenicity". Mol. Cancer Res. 7 (4): 536–48. doi:10.1158/1541-7786
MCT-1
Physical or chemical agent that increases the rate of genetic mutation
Powerful mutagens may result in chromosomal instability, causing chromosomal breakages and rearrangement of the chromosomes such as translocation, deletion
Mutagen
most spectacular examples of genetic instability among prokaryotes". Experiments in which the circular chromosomes of prokaryotic organisms have been linearized
Linear_chromosome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, chromosomal instability and markedly increased risk of hematologic and solid malignancies
Fanconi anemia group D2 protein
Fanconi_anemia_group_D2_protein
Cell organelle in animal cell helping in cell division
C.; Salisbury, J.L. (2002). "Centrosome amplification drives chromosomal instability in breast tumor development". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99 (4): 1978–1983
Centrosome
Genetic disorder
genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate
Down_syndrome
American cancer biologist (born 1961)
because they cause chromosome instability. This work contributed to the understanding of the faithful transmission of chromosomes from mother to daughter
Peter_Karl_Sorger
Protein
maintenance of short telomeres. These short telomeres increase chromosomal instability, and increase the chances of certain cancers progressing in the
Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2
Telomeric_repeat-binding_factor_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
or absence of Bub1 has been reported to result in aneuploidy, chromosomal instability (CIN) and premature senescence. Bub1p comprises a conserved N-terminal
BUB1
Persons exposed to nuclear test fallout
Montserrat Garcia (April 2008). "Trans-generational radiation-induced chromosomal instability in the female enhances the action of chemical mutagens". Mutation
Downwinders
Single cell RNA sequencing method
genotype-phenotype landscapes at scale, uncovering novel genetic regulators of chromosomal instability and mapping the heterogeneous transcriptional responses of cells
Perturb-seq
Group of proteins
described in 1927 by Guido Fanconi, a Swiss pediatrician. It is a chromosome instability syndrome characterized by the progressiveness of bone marrow failure
FANC_proteins
Chromatin remodeling complex
inhibitors. The said replication stress can cause DNA breaks and chromosome instability that drive tumor initiation. Mutations of the SWI/SNF complex have
Mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) complex
Mammalian_SWI/SNF_(BAF)_complex
South Korean biotechnologist (born 1964)
Park, SJ; Lim, JJ; Lee, HJ; Lee, SM; Chung, HM (2011). "Effect of chromosome instability on the maintenance and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Chung_Hyung-min
Biological theory of cellular aging
Bacchetti, S. (May 1992). "Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity"
Telomeres_in_the_cell_cycle
Telomere-restoring protein active in the most rapidly dividing cells
of the chromosomes of most eukaryotes. Telomeres protect the end of the chromosome from DNA damage or from fusion with neighbouring chromosomes. The fruit
Telomerase
Biological process of yeast
of chromosome instability can be inferred from the proportion of surviving pairs since a-like faker cells naturally arise from damage to Chromosome III
Mating_of_yeast
Aberrant cellular division pathway
James M. (2013). "Potential role of meiosis proteins in melanoma chromosomal instability". Journal of Skin Cancer. 2013 190109. doi:10.1155/2013/190109
Meiomitosis
American cancer biologist (born 1966)
S., Tuveson, D.A. Trp53R172H and KrasG12D cooperate to promote chromosomal instability and widely metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice
David_Tuveson
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
limit replication stress–induced chromosomal instability by modulating microtubule dynamics and reducing chromosome segregation defects, thereby supporting
WNT10B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
categorized as chromosomal or microsatellite instability genes. DCC would fall into the chromosomal instability category. The chromosomal region of 18q
Netrin_receptor_DCC
Cellular process
Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister
Chromosomal_crossover
Protein domain
have been experimentally knocked out in mice. These mice exhibit chromosomal instability, indicating that NHEJ is important for genome maintenance. In many
Ku_(protein)
Protein found in humans
lead to loss of β-catenin regulation, altered cell migration and chromosome instability. Rosenberg et al. found that APC directs cholinergic synapse assembly
Adenomatous_polyposis_coli
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution
Gene_duplication
Condition of genetic hypermutability
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the condition of genetic hypermutability (predisposition to mutation) that results from impaired DNA mismatch repair
Microsatellite_instability
Massive chromosomal rearrangement process linked to cancer
thousands of clustered chromosomal rearrangements occur in a single event in localised and confined genomic regions in one or a few chromosomes, and is known to
Chromothripsis
X-linked dominant genetic disorder
within the FMR1 (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene on the X chromosome. This results in silencing (methylation) of this part of the gene and
Fragile_X_syndrome
Class of mobile genetic elements
cancer (carcinoma). Hypomethylation of LINES is associated with chromosomal instability and altered gene expression and is found in various cancer cell
Long interspersed nuclear element
Long_interspersed_nuclear_element
Tumor of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meninges)
(November 2010). "Metabolic aggressiveness in benign meningiomas with chromosomal instabilities". Cancer Research. 70 (21): 8426–8434. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1498
Meningioma
French-American computational biologist
and Samuel Bakhoum. Volastra is developing treatments targeting chromosomal instability in cancer, with two small molecules currently in Phase 1 clinical
Olivier_Elemento
Protein family
BK, Schimenti JC (January 2007). "A viable allele of Mcm4 causes chromosome instability and mammary adenocarcinomas in mice". Nature Genetics. 39 (1): 93–8
Minichromosome_maintenance
Condition caused by two joined and mirrored duplications of part of chromosome 15
of the marker's instability and tendency to be lost during cell division (mitosis), some cells are completely normal with 46 chromosomes. Occasionally,
Isodicentric_15
Process by which structures originate and mature as a plant grows
Variation in chromosome number, that is, aneuploidy, polyploidy, etc., in plant cell culture has been well documented in the past. Chromosome instability of the
Plant_development
Mechanism of cell death
mitotic catastrophe. Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells and promotes genetic changes (both large chromosomal changes as well as individual
Mitotic_catastrophe
British physician scientist (born 1972)
cell-to-cell variation in the form of new cancer mutations or chromosomal instabilities, and the impact of such cancer diversity on effective immune surveillance
Charles_Swanton
British virologist
helped to discover the temporal association between high-level chromosomal instability and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) integration, a key
Margaret_Stanley_(virologist)
Vikkula, Miikka; Schuit, Frans; Fryns, Jean-Pierre (May 2002). "Chromosome instability is common in human cleavage-stage embryos" (PDF). Nature Medicine
Human_somatic_variation
Chinese and British oncologist
transcriptionally active p53 following UV or lonizing radiation: Defects in chromosome instability syndromes?". Cell. 75 (4): 765–778. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90496-d
Xin_Lu
Biological process
kinetochores, are in a state of instability promoting their progression toward anaphase. At this point, the chromosomes are ready to split into opposite
Cell_division
Protein-coding gene in humans
is increased in breast cancer and this has been shown to cause chromosome instability in breast cancer cells. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102384
CENPI
DNA segments
inter-chromosomal circularization engenders chromosome instability by creating two centromeres in a single chromosome, causing chromosomal breakage during mitosis. In
Subtelomere
Protein complex that allows microtubules to attach to chromosomes during cell division
known as dynamic instability. MTs are highly dynamic structures, whose behavior is integrated with kinetochore function to control chromosome movement and
Kinetochore
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