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Persons exposed to nuclear test fallout
Downwinders were individuals and communities, in the United States, in the intermountain West between the Cascade and Rocky Mountain ranges primarily
Downwinders
US law
in the 1990 Radiation Exposure Compensation Act support for affected downwinders. The Act provides the following remunerations, as of 2023, unchanged
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
Radiation_Exposure_Compensation_Act
Position relative to wind direction: upwind and downwind respectively
i.e., facing the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is downwind from the point of reference, i.e., along the direction towards which the
Windward_and_leeward
Basin Downwinders Consortium to lobby the US government for compensation and an apology. New Mexican lawmakers attempted to have New Mexican downwinders included
Fallout from the Trinity nuclear test
Fallout_from_the_Trinity_nuclear_test
American businesswoman and activist
founded the Tularosa Basin Downwinders Consortium, to advocate for benefits for New Mexicans harmed by the 1945 detonation. Downwinders in Nevada, Utah and Arizona
Tina_Cordova
Direction of travel under sail relative to true wind direction over surface
wind), a craft is running downwind. A given point of sail (beating, close reach, beam reach, broad reach, and running downwind) is defined in reference
Point_of_sail
Device to generate electricity from wind
Downwind machines have been built, because they don't need an additional mechanism for keeping them in line with the wind. In high winds, downwind blades
Wind_turbine
American aviator, aerospace engineer and business magnate (1905–1976)
ISBN 978-1579583941. Carroll, Rory (June 6, 2015). "Hollywood and the downwinders still grapple with nuclear fallout". the Guardian. Retrieved April 17
Howard_Hughes
1979 studio album by Pierre Moerlen's Gong
Downwind is the third album by Pierre Moerlen's Gong, although it was the first to be released under that name, the previous two having been released as
Downwind_(album)
Sail designed for sailing off the wind
off the wind on courses between a reach (wind at 90° to the course) to downwind (course in the same direction as the wind). Spinnakers are constructed
Spinnaker
Standard aircraft path
and opposite the downwind leg. Crosswind leg. A short climbing flight path at right angles to the departure end of the runway. Downwind leg. A long level
Airfield_traffic_pattern
Experimental wind-powered vehicle
2010 to demonstrate that it is possible for such a vehicle to go directly downwind faster than the wind (sometimes abbreviated as DDWFTTW). Blackbird employs
Blackbird (wind-powered vehicle)
Blackbird_(wind-powered_vehicle)
Sailing maneuver
wind than the vessel can sail directly. A sailing craft whose course is downwind jibes (or "wears" if square-rigged) by having the apparent wind cross the
Tacking_(sailing)
mark on the correct side (weather side if upwind tacking, leeward side if downwind jibing). How to hit the right layline, Yachts and Yachting Magazine Lay
Layline
Basic sailing maneuver, where ship turns its stern through the wind
gybe (Britain) is a sailing maneuver whereby a sailing craft reaching downwind turns its stern through the wind, which then exerts its force from the
Jibe
Volcano in Japan
crash, which was attributed to clear-air turbulence caused by lee waves downwind of the mountain. A memorial for the crash victims sits near Gotemba New
Mount_Fuji
Family of carnivoran mammals
boiling cheap soap or burning, and can be detected by humans several meters downwind. The secretions are primarily used for territorial marking, though both
Hyena
Propulsion of a vehicle by wind power
This combination of forces means it is possible to sail both upwind and downwind courses. The course with respect to the true wind direction (as would be
Sailing
Defunct American nuclear production site
Washington and into parts of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and British Columbia. Downwinders were exposed to radionuclides, particularly iodine-131, with the heaviest
Hanford_Site
2023 documentary film
two groups in the Southwest devastated by the nuclear industry: the Downwinders, families who lived near the Trinity site, and Native and Hispanic uranium
First_We_Bombed_New_Mexico
Gases emitted as a result of fuel reactions in combustion engines
exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an exhaust plume. It is a major component of motor
Exhaust_gas
Air mass forced upwards as it moves over rising terrain
cloud is formed downwind of the upper slopes of isolated, steep-sided mountains. It is created by the low pressure areas in the downwind vortices drawing
Orographic_lift
Name list
Australian cricketer Xavier Dorfman (born 1973), French Olympic rower Xavier Downwind (1893–1968), American NFL player Xavier Edwards (born 1999), American baseball
Xavier_(given_name)
Condensed water vapor that falls from clouds
to water evaporation from lakes, lake-effect snowfall becomes a concern downwind of the warm lakes within the cold cyclonic flow around the backside of
Precipitation
Environmental contamination by nuclear weapons production
opened to the public on September 15, 2018. In 2015, Rocky Mountain Downwinders was founded to study health effects in people who lived east of the facility
Radioactive contamination from the Rocky Flats Plant
Radioactive_contamination_from_the_Rocky_Flats_Plant
Crescent-shaped dune
possesses two "horns" that face downwind, with the steeper slope known as the slip face, facing away from the wind, downwind, at the angle of repose of the
Barchan
Supranational political and economic union
hot and dry during the summer months. The heaviest precipitation occurs downwind of water bodies due to the prevailing westerlies, with higher amounts also
European_Union
Volcano in Guatemala
drifted more than 50 km S, SW, and W. Ashfall was reported in many areas downwind. 3 June 2018 An eruption resulted in at least 159 deaths and at least 300
Volcán_de_Fuego
2023 film by Christopher Nolan
affected by radiation and nuclear testing during the Cold War, known as "Downwinders" and primarily consisting of the Navajo Nation. The United States Senate
Oppenheimer_(film)
Processes due to wind activity
and loess of Pleistocene age originating from glacial outwash. The lee (downwind) side of river valleys in semiarid regions are often blanketed with sand
Aeolian_processes
Type of large jib or staysail
moderate winds; in high wind, a smaller jib is usually substituted, and downwind a spinnaker may be used. The term jib is the generic term for any of an
Genoa_(sail)
American sailor and writer (born 1952)
shortened my drift from 1,800 miles to 450; had I been able to sail even dead downwind but increase speed to a moderate 2.5 knots, I would have been afloat 25
Steven_Callahan
Critical thresholds in climate science
(from droughts and wildfires) or deforestation, there will be less rain in downwind regions, increasing tree stress and mortality there. Eventually, if enough
Tipping points in the climate system
Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system
Defunct American nuclear weapons manufacturing site in Colorado
archived from the original. "ROCKY FLATS DOWNWINDERS | A community organization advocating for residents living downwind from Rocky Flats". rockyflatsdownwinders
Rocky_Flats_Plant
World's most recent supereruption, of Taupō Volcano, New Zealand
sediments have been found in the volcanic ash deposits about 850 km (530 mi) downwind on the Chatham Islands. The first characterised eruption from the Taupō
Oruanui_eruption
Downwind component of motion of a floating object due to wind
right of downwind being positive and to the left being negative. A leeway angle of zero degrees indicates that the craft drifts directly downwind. See figure
Leeway
1988 explosions and fire in Nevada
evacuated a five-mile (8 km) radius around the plant, concentrating on areas downwind of the explosion. Roads in the area were clogged in both directions due
PEPCON_disaster
Stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia
aviation to worldwide attention after two Boeing 747 passenger jets flying downwind of the eruption suffered temporary engine failures and damage to exterior
Galunggung
Weather phenomenon
through colder air. The vapor then freezes and is deposited on the leeward (downwind) shores. The same effect also occurs over bodies of saline water, when
Lake-effect_snow
ISBN 978-0-8248-2545-4. Doulatram, Desmond Narain (2023). "Marshallese Downwinders and a Shared Nuclear Legacy of Global Proportions". In Richards, Linda
Dorothy_Kabua
barrel of a gun, known as kissing the gunner's daughter. overbear To sail downwind directly at another ship, stealing the wind from its sails. overboard Off
Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)
Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M–Z)
Fabric or other surface supported by a mast to allow wind propulsion
as a sailing craft turns downwind, the more drag increases and lift decreases as propulsive forces, until a sail going downwind is predominated by drag
Sail
Broad area of desert covered with wind-swept sand
Saturn's moon Titan. Sand seas and dune fields generally occur in regions downwind of copious sources of dry, loose sand, such as dry riverbeds and deltas
Erg_(landform)
Species of insect
Traps are most effective when spread out over an entire community and downwind and at the borders (i.e., as far away as possible, particularly upwind)
Japanese_beetle
Precolonial state in Southern Africa
times was leprosy (called "fire of God"); lepers were quarantined in a hut downwind of the village. The Kuta controlled the transmission of history through
Lozi_kingdom
Surfboard with a downward-extending hydrofoil
with accelerating modern hydrofoil progression in big-wave surfing and downwind foiling through high-profile videos and competition appearances. The design
Foilboard
Species of North American hoofed mammal
a present danger. This scent has been smelled by humans 65 to 100 feet downwind from alarmed animals. The major odor compound identified from this gland
Pronghorn
English writer, director, animator and illustrator (born 1984)
The Expanded Earth. 22 February 2025. ISBN 978-1-4721-5834-5. "The Cave Downwind of the Café". HarperCollins Publishers UK. Retrieved 22 April 2025. "2011
Mikey_Please
Windward position in sailing
come into play. An upwind vessel is able to manoeuvre at will toward any downwind point, since the relative wind then moves aft. The fastest points of sail
Weather_gage
German island in the North Sea
erosion caused by crossways currents. "Leeward erosion", i.e. erosion on the downwind side of the groynes prevented sustainable accumulation of sand. In the
Sylt
Sailboat with a two-masted rig
hoisted between the top of the mizzen mast and base of the mainmast to help downwind performance. "Definition of KETCH". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 17 May
Ketch
Military science park in Wiltshire, England
could adversely affect some vulnerable people. The town of Weymouth lay downwind of the spraying. When the trials became public knowledge in the late 1990s
Porton_Down
Wind in the western Mediterranean
rather, the strongest winds are in the western Strait and immediately downwind to the west. Levanters are most frequent during the warm season from April
Levant_(wind)
Airline of India (1953–2011)
passenger flight. The aircraft was overloaded and take-off was either downwind or with a crosswind. All 30 people on board survived. On 21 April 1969
Indian_Airlines
Amateur or professional competitive sport
away onto a downwind leg to a second jibe marker. Next another jibe on a second downwind leg to the last mark which is called the 'downwind mark' (or 'leeward
Sailing_(sport)
Type of wind turbine
counterbalance. The blades sweep a conical area, which helps reduce the turbulence downwind of each tower, increasing the maximum tower density. The company claims
Vertical-axis_wind_turbine
Method of Sailing
used to define, in a fore-and-aft-rigged sailboat, a way to sail directly downwind. Goosewing sailing requires the use of two sails, a foresail and a mainsail
Wing_and_wing
and numerous trees were uprooted and snapped with large limbs carried downwind. EFU W of Tahlequah Cherokee OK 35°53′27″N 95°01′27″W / 35.8909°N 95
List of United States tornadoes from May to June 2022
List_of_United_States_tornadoes_from_May_to_June_2022
Form of solid precipitation
to ten hailstorms per season. To the north of this area and also just downwind of the Rocky Mountains is the Hailstorm Alley region of Alberta, which
Hail
Movement of an aircraft on the ground, under its own power
You are often required to taxi out of wind; be aware that when taxiing downwind in strong wind conditions there may be insufficient rearward cyclic to
Taxiing
US Department of Energy reservation in Nevada
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990 allowed for people living downwind of the site for at least two years in particular Nevada, Arizona, or Utah
Nevada_Test_Site
Fleet sailing against England in 1588
night of 7–8 August, the English set these fireships alight and cast them downwind among the closely anchored vessels of the armada. The Spanish feared that
Spanish_Armada
International racing sailing class
hydrodynamic hull and will often exceed the wind speed when planing both up and downwind. The 29er class is targeted at youth, especially those training to sail
29er_(dinghy)
Defunct football stadium in Orchard Park, New York
store called "Founder's Plaza" in 2015. Buffalo, by virtue of its position downwind of Lake Erie, is one of the nation's windiest cities, and as a result,
Ralph_Wilson_Stadium
1956 fighter aircraft family by Lockheed
needed to throttle back. Landings were also performed at high speed: the downwind leg of the circuit was typically flown at approximately 210 knots (390 km/h;
Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter
(1967) "The Lost City of Mars" (1978) "The Mummies of Guanajuato" (1969) "Downwind From Gettysburg'" (1979) "The Aqueduct" (1984) "Banshee" (1984) "The Toynbee
Ray_Bradbury_bibliography
American football player (1893–1968)
Chief Xavier Downwind a.k.a. Red Fang (December 24, 1893 – July 26, 1968) was a professional football player who played in the National Football League
Xavier_Downwind
Russian program to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II
contaminated air, water and soil in the areas immediately surrounding, downwind and downstream of the blast site. According to the records that the Russian
Soviet_atomic_bomb_project
List of tornadoes in the United States
brief tornado ripped sheet metal roofing from a barn and tossed the pieces downwind. Minor crop damage occurred, and a wooden 2x4 was thrown and punctured
List of United States tornadoes from July to September 2021
List_of_United_States_tornadoes_from_July_to_September_2021
List of atomic weapons exploded in Australia
Secret History of Britain's Nuclear Experiments in 2024. Australia portal Downwinders Kevin Buzzacott List of books about nuclear issues McClelland Royal Commission
Nuclear weapons tests in Australia
Nuclear_weapons_tests_in_Australia
Area of loose particles at the edge of a body of water
wind-blown sand can continue to advance, engulfing and permanently altering downwind landscapes. Sediment moved by waves or receding floodwaters can be deposited
Beach
Weather phenomenon
Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, which then often travel a considerable distance downwind of their place of origin. The effect is named after the hill, Brown Willy
Brown_Willy_effect
Rows of trees or shrubs planted to provide shelter from the wind
adjusts to the surrounding area. This results in slower wind speed further downwind, reaching a minimum at a distance of about 3 to 5 times the windbreak's
Windbreak
Difference in wind speed or direction over a short distance
trading ground speed for height, while maintaining airspeed. By then turning downwind, and diving through the wind gradient, they can also gain energy. It has
Wind_shear
Boundary separating two masses of air of different densities
on the north side of surface highs, areas of lowered pressure will form downwind of north–south oriented mountain chains, leading to the formation of a
Weather_front
Consolidated city-county in Montana, United States
significant contamination of the Butte Hill as well as downstream and downwind areas. The contaminated land extends along a corridor of 120 miles (190 km)
Butte,_Montana
Chemical element with atomic number 84 (Po)
polonium-210. The Windscale fire brought the need for testing of the land downwind for radioactive material contamination, and this is how it was found. An
Polonium
Island in the South Atlantic Ocean
to make observations of the night sky due to Georgetown being located downwind of orographic clouds that formed nightly over Green Mountain. Isobel quickly
Ascension_Island
Disaster exclusion zone in Ukraine
experiment, fires were set and the levels of the radioactivity in the air downwind of these fires were measured. Grass and forest fires have happened inside
Chernobyl_exclusion_zone
concepts for use in larger units. This design had a 38-metre diameter downwind two-bladed rotor, coupled to a synchronous generator, with a power rating
NASA_wind_turbines
Rise of water associated with a low-pressure weather system
wind setup, which is the tendency for water levels to increase at the downwind shore and to decrease at the upwind shore. Intuitively, this is caused
Storm_surge
Term for a visionless project
Growian was a two-bladed "lee runner" (the rotor was situated on the downwind side of the tower) with a hub height of about 100 metres (330 ft). At 3
Design_by_committee
Term in sailing
quickly as possible. It is also often less than optimal to sail directly downwind. Instead of sailing directly toward a windward mark, the helmsman chooses
Velocity_made_good
Weather phenomenon
predominant colder air, resulting in a fast buildup of clouds and rainfall downwind of the lake. If the air temperature is not low enough to keep the precipitation
Lake-effect_rain
Exclamation given aboard a vessel to indicate that someone has fallen off of the ship
boat circles, the wind is jibed across the stern and the boat is sailed downwind, past the casualty again and finally brought to rest by turning upwind
Man_overboard
14th-century English nobleman and military leader
cog Thomas on the 28th, for the fleet to chase the Spaniard De la Cerda downwind, which they sighted the following day. The ships rammed before the party
Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel
Richard_Fitzalan,_3rd_Earl_of_Arundel
Turbulence that follows behind aircraft traveling through air
lateral movement of the upwind vortex and increases the movement of the downwind vortex. Helicopters also produce wake turbulence. Helicopter wakes may
Wake_turbulence
Region in North America where heavy snowfall is common
lake-effect snow is particularly common. Snowbelts are typically found downwind of the lakes, principally off the eastern and southern shores. Lake-effect
Snowbelt
April 2024 United States tornado outbreak and flood
Midwestern U.S. The forecast was predicated on the development of thunderstorms downwind of an upper-tropospheric trough, where weather forecast models were depicting
Tornado outbreak of April 25–28, 2024
Tornado_outbreak_of_April_25–28,_2024
Fluid flow that occurs due to heterogeneous fluid properties and body forces
cycle. For example, a foehn wind is a down-slope wind which occurs on the downwind side of a mountain range. It results from the adiabatic warming of air
Convection
Sediment of accumulated wind-blown dust
by the wind. Once entrained by the wind, particles were then deposited downwind. The loess deposits found along both sides of the Mississippi River alluvial
Loess
at George E. Peters Adventist Elementary School was lifted and thrown downwind into the parking lot; debris from the school broke windows at Metropolitan
List of United States tornadoes from March to April 2008
List_of_United_States_tornadoes_from_March_to_April_2008
Sailboat class
cabin on the port side and one on the starboard side aft. For sailing downwind, the design may be equipped with an asymmetrical spinnaker of 1,291.67 sq ft
Beneteau_46
Genus of disease-spreading insects
octenol, and acetone—which are given off in animals' breath and distributed downwind in an odor plume. Synthetic versions of these chemicals can create artificial
Tsetse_fly
American twin-engine, light aircraft produced 1937–1970
charter company attributed the accident solely to pilot error, citing his downwind takeoff into a "black hole" of severe darkness, causing him to experience
Beechcraft_Model_18
Fish in the pelagic zone of ocean waters
areas of high ocean productivity. Large eddies can form downcurrent or downwind from islands, concentrating plankton. Banks and reefs can intercept deep
Pelagic_fish
with sails furled and helm lashed alee. Alee: on or toward the lee (the downwind side). Aloft: the stacks, masts, rigging, or other area above the highest
List_of_ship_directions
Leading edge of a cooler mass of air
along the front. Anvil cirrus clouds may spread a considerable distance downwind from the thunderstorms. The other cloud types associated with a cold front
Cold_front
1956 film by Dick Powell
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). "Hollywood and the downwinders still grapple with nuclear fallout". The Guardian. June 6, 2015. Archived
The_Conqueror_(1956_film)
Place in Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia
southern and eastern boundaries. The exposed part of the paleolake lies downwind of the mountain of Jebel Umm Sanman to the west, which has diverted the
Jubbah,_Saudi_Arabia
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Female
Hebrew
(קֶרֶן) Hebrew name QEREN means "horn (of an animal)." Also a short form of Qeren Happuwk, meaning "horn of antimony," a black paint used for eye-shadow.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Traditional
Powerful King
Boy/Male
Australian, Czech, Czechoslovakian, Danish, German, Greek, Slavic
Favored
Girl/Female
Indian
One of the Telugu Month Name
Boy/Male
Sikh
One who sings praises of the Guru
Boy/Male
Arabic, Finnish
Knot
Boy/Male
Teutonic English German
Strong fighter.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Galen, GAYLON means "calm, tranquil."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place so called; there is one in Cambridgeshire and another in Northamptonshire, both named with Old English beorn ‘warrior’ (genitive plural beorna) or the Old English personal name Beorna + well(a) ‘stream’.A John Barnwell (c.1671–1724) emigrated to SC from Ireland at the end of the 17th century.
Boy/Male
Hindu
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