AI & ChatGPT searches , social queriess for CAIUS
Search references for CAIUS. Phrases containing CAIUS
See searches and references containing CAIUS!
Search references for CAIUS. Phrases containing CAIUS
See searches and references containing CAIUS!CAIUS
Name list
English, Caius is a latinized spelling of the last name of John Keys of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Caius may refer to: Pope Caius (died 296)
Caius
Constituent college of the University of Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge
Head of the Catholic Church from 283 to 296
Pope Caius (died 22 April 296), also called Gaius, was the bishop of Rome from 17 December 283 to his death in 296. Little information on Caius is available
Pope_Caius
Roman general and dictator (100–44 BC)
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general, statesman, and author who was the dictator of the Roman Republic almost
Julius_Caesar
English physician (1510–1573)
John Caius (born John Kays /ˈkiːz/; 6 October 1510 – 29 July 1573), also known as Johannes Caius and Ioannes Caius, was an English physician, second founder
John_Caius
Roman emperor from AD 37 to 41
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12 – 24 January AD 41), also called Gaius and Caligula (/kəˈlɪɡjʊlə/), was the third Roman emperor
Caligula
New Zealand rugby league footballer
Caius Faatili (born 9 November 2001) is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League
Caius_Faatili
3rd-century Christian author
canon of the New Testament, is often attributed to Caius and is included in that collection. Caius was noted for his role in theological debates within
Caius_(presbyter)
Master of University College, Oxford
the University there. In 1568, John Caius (no relation of Thomas), the refounder and Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, wrote a long rebuttal
Thomas_Caius
Korean Catholic martyr (1571–1624)
Japan invaded Korea, and Caius was taken prisoner. On the journey to Japan, they were shipwrecked at Tsushima Island, and Caius, near death, was taken to
Caius_of_Korea
Roman military commander and writer (AD23/24–79)
Gaius Plinius Secundus (Como, 23 or 24 – Stabiae, 25 August 79), known in English as Pliny the Elder (/ˈplɪni/ PLIN-ee), was a Roman author, naturalist
Pliny_the_Elder
Roman emperor from 284 to 305
Diocletian (/ˌdaɪ.əˈkliːʃən/ DY-ə-KLEE-shən; Latin: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus; Ancient Greek: Διοκλητιανός, romanized: Diokletianós; 242/245
Diocletian
Head of the Catholic Church from c. 167 to c. 174
Saint Soter's feast day is celebrated on 22 April, as is that of Saint Caius. The Roman Martyrology, the official list of recognized saints, references
Pope_Soter
Dutch footballer
related to Caius Welcker. Caius Welcker at WorldFootball.net Caius Welcker at National-Football-Teams.com Caius Welcker at kicker (in German) Caius Welcker
Caius_Welcker
Romanian footballer (1989–2025)
doar 36 de ani fostul fotbalist de primă ligă Caius Lungu (in Romanian) Caius Lungu at RomanianSoccer.ro (in Romanian) Caius Lungu at Soccerway v t e
Caius_Lungu
1956 book by Henry Winterfeld
Detectives in Togas (original title: Caius ist ein Dummkopf; "Caius is an Idiot") is a children's book written by Henry Winterfeld, and translated from
Detectives_in_Togas
Roman legionary
as: Caius Largennius Caii Fabia Luca miles legionis II scaevae annorum XXXVII stipendiorum XVIII hic situs est, i. e. "Caius Largennius, son of Caius, of
Caius_Largennius
Roman general and statesman (c. 157–86 BC)
Gaius Marius (Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs ˈmariʊs]; c. 157 BC – 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Marius held the office of consul seven times,
Gaius_Marius
Roman historian and senator (56–120)
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician.
Tacitus
Caius has a final battle with Noel and Serah. Eventually, after being defeated in his Eidolon form and with Noel still refusing to kill him, Caius manages
Characters of the Final Fantasy XIII series
Characters_of_the_Final_Fantasy_XIII_series
Japanese manga and anime series by Itkz
series follows the relationship between Kōichi Mizuki, a human student, and Caius Lao Bistail, a giant prince who summons Kōichi to his world. The series
The_Titan's_Bride
Swedish footballer (born 1981)
Film Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2022 The Soccer Football Movie Himself 2023 Asterix & Obelix: The Middle Kingdom Caius Antivirus
Zlatan_Ibrahimović
British actress (born 1981)
Charlene Emma Brooks (born 3 May 1981) is an English actress, best known for her role of Janine Butcher in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. Brooks has also
Charlie_Brooks
Roman historian (c. AD 69 – after AD 122)
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs sweːˈtoːniʊs traŋˈkᶣɪlːʊs]), commonly referred to as Suetonius (/swɪˈtoʊniəs/ swih-TOH-nee-əs; c. AD 69 –
Suetonius
Play by William Shakespeare
Welsh parson Doctor Caius – a French physician. John Rugby – a servant to Doctor Caius. Mistress Quickly – servant to Doctor Caius. Robert Shallow – a
The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor
John Caius (fl. 1480), also known as John Kay and John Caius the Elder, was an English poet. Kay was the English translator of the Siege of Rhodes, an
John_Caius_the_Elder
(Caius) George Steiner (Churchill) C. L. Stevenson (unknown) Leo Strauss (Caius) Galen Strawson (unknown) Stephen Toulmin (King's) John Venn (Caius) Michael
List of University of Cambridge people
List_of_University_of_Cambridge_people
Romanian politician and diplomat
Caius Brediceanu (April 25, 1879–1953) was a Romanian politician and diplomat. Caius Brediceanu was born in Lugoj, the second son of Coriolan Brediceanu
Caius_Brediceanu
Romanian footballer
Ploiestiulpatrianoastra.com. 7 July 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2023. Caius Novac at National-Football-Teams.com Caius Novac at WorldFootball.net "Dinamo jucase doar 10 meciuri
Caius_Novac
Mountain range in Antarctica
Gonville and Caius Range was first mapped by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Robert Falcon Scott, and was named for Gonville and Caius College
Gonville_and_Caius_Range
Danish sculptor
"Cibber, Caius Gabriel" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Media related to Caius Gabriel
Caius_Gabriel_Cibber
Roman senator and general (c. 86 BC–42 BC)
Gaius Cassius Longinus (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaːi.ʊs ˈkassi.ʊs ˈlɔŋɡɪnʊs]; c. 86 BC – 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading
Gaius_Cassius_Longinus
School district in Pennsylvania
The Capital Area Intermediate Unit (CAIU) is an Intermediate Unit based in Summerdale, a suburb of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The administrative office
Capital Area Intermediate Unit
Capital_Area_Intermediate_Unit
6th-century BC Roman youth famous for his bravery
Gaius Mucius Cordus, better known with his later cognomen Scaevola (/ˈsiːvələ, ˈsɛv-/ SE(E)V-ə-lə, Latin: [ˈskae̯wɔla]), was an ancient Roman youth, possibly
Gaius_Mucius_Scaevola
Boat club at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Caius Boat Club (CBC; Caius pronounced keys) is the boat club for members of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. The club has rowed on the River Cam
Caius_Boat_Club
French Jesuit priest in India
1930. Caius, J.F. (1930). "The toxicity of the venom of Indian scorpions". The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 34: 788-789. Caius, J.F.;
Jean_Ferdinand_Caius
British independent record label
independent record label that sits in the Beggars Group of labels launched by Caius Pawson in 2006. It has grown from an imprint of XL Recordings into a successful
Young_(record_label)
1679 tragedy by Thomas Otway
The History and Fall of Caius Marius is a tragedy written by English writer Thomas Otway. The play was first performed in 1679 and is indebted to William
The History and Fall of Caius Marius
The_History_and_Fall_of_Caius_Marius
day 8 December. 28 17 December 283 – 22 April 296 (12 years, 127 days) St Caius CAIVS Salona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire Roman citizen. Martyred by beheading
List_of_popes
Roman political advisor (d. 8 BCE)
Gaius Cilnius Maecenas ([ˈɡaːiʊs̠ ˈkɪɫ̪niʊs̠ mae̯ˈkeːnaːs̠] 13 April 68 BC – 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to Octavian (who later reigned as
Gaius_Maecenas
Roman general, politician and assassin (died 43 BC)
Gaius Trebonius (c. 92 BC – January 43 BC) was a military commander and politician of the late Roman Republic, who became suffect consul in 45 BC. He was
Gaius_Trebonius
Association football club in England
Gonville & Caius AFC, more commonly known as Caius, is the representative football club of Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge, England. It is one of only
Gonville_&_Caius_A.F.C.
American basketball player (born 1988)
26, 2024). "Warriors' Stephen Curry, Wife Ayesha Announce Birth of Son Caius Chai in IG Photo". Bleacher Report. Retrieved May 26, 2024. "Stephen Curry
Stephen_Curry
Romanian mathematician and politician
John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Caius Iacob", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews Caius Iacob at the Mathematics Genealogy
Caius_Iacob
Gonville and Caius College. 1 October 2025. Retrieved 12 October 2025. "Trustees' Annual Report and Accounts 2023-24" (PDF). Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge
Street in England
street, just to the south, is Gonville and Caius College. St Michael's and St Mary's Courts in Gonville and Caius lie across Trinity Street on land surrounding
Trinity_Street,_Cambridge
Apostle of Jesus
traditionally on Vatican Hill during Nero's reign. The late second-century writer Caius further testified that the monuments of Peter were located at the Vatican
Saint_Peter
Contagious disease in Europe, 1485–1551
exposure. John Caius wrote his eyewitness account A Boke or Counseill Against the Disease Commonly Called the Sweate, or Sweatyng Sicknesse. Caius ascribed
Sweating_sickness
2002 video game
Empire, Emperor Uriel Septim VII. The player is given the task of meeting Caius Cosades, a member of the Blades, a secret group of spies and agents working
The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind
The_Elder_Scrolls_III:_Morrowind
4th-century BC Roman tribune and consul
Gaius Licinius Stolo, along with Lucius Sextius, was one of the two tribunes of ancient Rome who opened the consulship to the plebeians. A member of the
Gaius_Licinius_Stolo
Roman politician, enemy of Cicero
Gaius Verres (c. 114 – 43 BC) was a Roman magistrate, notorious for his misgovernment of Sicily. His extortion of local farmers and plundering of temples
Gaius_Verres
The choirbook is now housed at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. The major contributors to the Caius Choirbook are Robert Fayrfax and Nicholas Ludford;
Caius_Choirbook
5th-century BCE Roman general
source for Shakespeare's Coriolanus; in both texts, the name is given as Caius. Coriolanus came to fame as a young man serving in the army of the consul
Gnaeus_Marcius_Coriolanus
Roman politician and general, consul in 487 BC
Gaius Aquillius Tuscus was consul of the Roman Republic in 487 BC together with Titus Sicinius Sabinus. Aquillius led the war against the Hernici. Not
Gaius_Aquillius_Tuscus
Roman freedman and writer (c. 64 BC – AD 17)
Gaius Julius Hyginus (/hɪˈdʒaɪnəs/; c. 64 BC – AD 17) was a Latin author, a pupil of the scholar Alexander Polyhistor, and a freedman of Augustus, and
Gaius_Julius_Hyginus
British indie pop band
that year. They all studied GCSE Music together. The band were taken on by Caius Pawson, who founded the label. Young provided the band with a studio in
The_xx
Caius College, Cambridge and chairs the college council and governing body of the college. The following have served as Masters of Gonville and Caius
List of masters of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
List_of_masters_of_Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge
Misunderstanding of the symbol of Hermes
William Butts, physician to Henry VIII. Similarly, physician John Caius, founder of Caius College, Cambridge, and at the time President of the Royal College
Caduceus as a symbol of medicine
Caduceus_as_a_symbol_of_medicine
American politician
Caius Tacitus Ryland (June 30, 1826 — December 5, 1897) was an American politician in California. He was a Democrat who served in the California State
Caius_T._Ryland
1st century Roman general and provincial governor
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus (fl. AD 40–69) was a Roman general best known as the commander who defeated Boudica and her army during the Boudican revolt. Little
Gaius_Suetonius_Paulinus
Roman politician and reformer (c. 154 BC – 121 BC)
– via LacusCurtius. English Wikisource has original works by or about: Caius Gracchus C. Sempronius (47) Ti. f. P. n. Gracchus in the Digital Prosopography
Gaius_Gracchus
Play by William Shakespeare
and friend of Philario French Gentleman Dutch Gentleman Spanish Gentleman Caius Lucius – Roman ambassador and later general Two Roman senators Roman tribunes
Cymbeline
Builder of the mausoleum of Emesa (c. 78/79 AD)
Gaius Julius Sampsiceramus (Ancient Greek: Γάϊος Ἰούλιος Σαμσιγέραμος; fl. 78 or 79 AD), "from the Fabia tribe, also known as Seilas, son of Gaius Julius
Gaius_Julius_Sampsigeramus
Matthew Martin. Members of Caius Choir include undergraduates and postgraduates studying at Caius and at other colleges. Caius undergraduates in the choir
Choir of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Choir_of_Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge
1815 play
Caius Gracchus is a tragedy by the Irish playwright James Sheridan Knowles. It is based on the life of Gaius Gracchus, a politician in Ancient Rome. The
Caius_Gracchus_(play)
Roman historian and politician (86–35 BC)
Corpus dei papiri storici greci e latini: Storici latini. Autori noti. Caius Sallustius Crispus. Parte B. 1. Vol. 2 (in Italian). F Serra. ISBN 978-88-6227-081-6
Sallust
1985 film by Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi
that Panacea and Tragicomix were bought by Caius. The pair attempt to meet with him at a bathhouse, causing Caius to witness them beating up his bodyguards
Asterix_Versus_Caesar
made well again by helping him with his plot. Plutarch refers to him as "Caius Ligarius" in the passage, but the context strongly implies that he is referring
Quintus_Ligarius
2026 studio album by My New Band Believe
of Black Midi, and features a range of musicians such as Kiran Leonard, Caius Williams, Steve Noble and Andrew Cheetham. Instrumentalists on the album
My_New_Band_Believe_(album)
windows contained, according to John Caius, an inscription reading: Oct 2025 update: A History of Gonville and Caius College (Christopher Brooke, 1985;
William_Rougham
Roman general and politician
Gaius Terentius Varro (fl. 218-200 BCE) was a Roman politician and general active during the Second Punic War. A plebeian son of a butcher, he was a populist
Gaius_Terentius_Varro
Group of heterodox Christians in the Asia Minor region
commentary on the Apocalypse, Hippolytus of Rome says: A man appeared, named Caius, saying that the Gospel is not by John, nor the Apocalypse but that it is
Alogi
2nd century Roman senator, consul and proconsul of Asia
Gaius Julius Severus was a Roman senator and aristocrat of the second century. He was suffect consul around the year 138. Severus was a member of the ancient
Gaius_Julius_Severus
The following is a list of notable people educated at Gonville and Caius College at the University of Cambridge, including alumni of Gonville Hall, as
List of alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
List_of_alumni_of_Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge
1st-century BC Roman general and politician
Gaius Sosius (fl. 39–17 BC) was a Roman general and politician who featured in the wars of the late Republic as a staunch supporter of Mark Antony. Under
Gaius_Sosius
Roman senator and historian
Gaius Acilius (fl. 155 BC) was a senator and historian of ancient Rome. He knew Greek, and in 155 BC interpreted for Carneades, Diogenes, and Critolaus
Gaius_Acilius
Roman consul in 10 AD
Gaius Junius Silanus was a Roman senator active during the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. He acceded to the rank of Roman consul in 10 AD as the colleague
Gaius_Junius_Silanus
Roman general and politician
Gaius Laelius was a Roman general and statesman, and a friend of Scipio Africanus, whom he accompanied on his Iberian campaign (210–206 BC; the Roman Hispania
Gaius_Laelius
Late Roman Republic-era military officer
Gaius Volusenus Quadratus (fl. mid-1st century BC) was a distinguished military officer of the Roman Republic. He served under Julius Caesar for ten years
Gaius_Volusenus
Play by William Shakespeare
withheld from ordinary citizens. The rioters are particularly angry at Caius Marcius, a brilliant Roman general whom they blame for the loss of their
Coriolanus
embraces death, and Caius, an arrogant vampire who is strict about the laws in place and has no known ability. Aro's wife Sulpicia, Caius' wife Athenodora
List_of_Twilight_characters
Earth's southernmost continent
Polar Regions. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO, LLC. ISBN 978-1-61069-392-9. Hyginus, Caius Julius (1992) [1482]. Viré, Ghislaine (ed.). Hygini de astronomia (in Latin)
Antarctica
1st century AD Roman senator and general
Gaius Cestius Gallus (died 67 AD) was a Roman senator and general who was active during the Principate. He was suffect consul for the second nundinium
Gaius Cestius Gallus (governor of Syria)
Gaius_Cestius_Gallus_(governor_of_Syria)
Gaius Maesius Tertius (c. 1st century – c. 2nd century) was a Roman civil servant and officer active at the beginning of the 2nd century AD. According
Gaius_Maesius_Tertius
3rd century bishop of Milan and saint
Caius (or Gaius, Italian: Caio) was Bishop of Milan in early 3rd-century. He is considered by the Orthodox tradition the first Bishop of Milan in the
Caius_(bishop_of_Milan)
3rd century Roman geographer and grammarian
Gaius Julius Solinus, better known simply as Solinus, was a Latin grammarian, geographer, and compiler who probably flourished in the early 3rd century
Gaius_Julius_Solinus
5th-century Gallic poet, diplomat, bishop, and Catholic saint
in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Apollinaris Sidonius, Caius Sollius". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University
Sidonius_Apollinaris
English comedian
Hospital School, before going on to study History of Art at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, which she described as "the most boring three years
Holly_Walsh
Roman emperor from AD 54 to 68
that existing writing on them was unbalanced: The histories of Tiberius, Caius, Claudius and Nero, while they were in power, were falsified through terror
Nero
4th-century BC Roman plebeian dictator and consul
Gaius Marcius Rutilus (also seen as "Rutulus") was the first plebeian dictator and censor of ancient Rome, and was consul four times. He was first elected
Gaius_Marcius_Rutilus
Topics referred to by the same term
Gaius Ateius Capito may refer to: Gaius Ateius Capito (tribune), tribune of the people in 55 BCE Gaius Ateius Capito (jurist), senator and jurist under
Gaius_Ateius_Capito
English comedian and writer
is Indian. From 2016 to 2019 Hull studied History of Art at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where she was a member of Footlights. Hull first performed
Bella_Hull
Roman general and statesman (260–231 BC)
Gaius Duilius (fl. 260 – 231 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. As consul in 260 BC, during the First Punic War, he won Rome's first ever victory at
Gaius_Duilius
Topics referred to by the same term
Gaius Octavius may refer to: Gaius Octavius (tribune 216 BC) (fl. 216 BC), military tribune Gaius Octavius (proconsul) (c. 100–59 BC), praetor in 61 BC
Gaius_Octavius
Roman senator (68–140)
Gaius Bruttius Praesens Lucius Fulvius Rusticus (68–140 AD) was a Roman senator of the reigns of the emperors Trajan, Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. A friend
Gaius Bruttius Praesens Lucius Fulvius Rusticus
Gaius_Bruttius_Praesens_Lucius_Fulvius_Rusticus
Roman Senator (c. 45 - aft.101 AD)
Gaius Julius Bassus (c. 45 – aft. 101 AD) was a Roman senator. He was quaestor, and later governor of Bithynia and Pontus for the term 100/101; two inhabitants
Gaius_Julius_Bassus
Roman senator and governor during the Severan dynasty
Gaius Asinius Protimus Quadratus was a Roman senator, who was active during the Severan dynasty. He is known entirely from inscriptions. Quadratus was
Gaius Asinius Protimus Quadratus
Gaius_Asinius_Protimus_Quadratus
Ancient Roman civil engineer and inventor
Gaius Sergius Orata (fl. c. 95 BC) was an Ancient Roman who was a successful merchant, inventor and hydraulic engineer. He is credited with inventing the
Sergius_Orata
American actress (born 1982)
married in 2014. Their first child was born on 10 January 2018, a son named Caius Kane. Their second child, Sagan Cyrus, was born in May 2021. Mason came
Mercedes_Mason
Name list
Gaius, sometimes spelled Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). Gaius (biblical figure) (1st century AD) Gaius (jurist) (fl. 130–180)
Gaius
CAIUS
CAIUS
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Finnish, French, Latin, Shakespearean, Swedish
Happy; Rejoice; Lord; Similar to Gaius which is a More Common Form of the Name in Britain
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
The Tragedy of Coriolanus.' Caius Marcius Coriolanus.
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian name, possibly derived from Latin Caius, KAI means "lord." Compare with other forms of Kai.
Male
Welsh
 Welsh name, possibly derived from Latin Caius, CAI means "lord." In Arthurian legend, this was the name of a Knight of the Round Table. Compare with another form of Cai.
Boy/Male
Welsh English Shakespearean
Joy.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Cymbeline' Caius Lucius, General of the Roman Forces. 'The Tragedy of Julius Caesar' Caius...
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
The Tragedy of Coriolanus.' Caius Marcius Coriolanus, and also Young Marcius, son to Coriolanus.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Cymbeline' Caius Lucius, General of the Roman Forces. 'The Tragedy of Julius Caesar' A servant...
CAIUS
CAIUS
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Victory of the Moments Spent with Lord
Boy/Male
Irish
Shining army.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sherrell.
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Secret; Blend of Ken and Sandra or Andrea
Boy/Male
Gaelic Irish Celtic
Brave.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Norwegian
Happy
Female
Egyptian
, a daughter of Amenhotep III.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Worshipper
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Knowledge is Enlightening
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Danish, English, Finnish, German, Swedish
One who has Gone Before; Powerful in Battle
CAIUS
CAIUS
CAIUS
CAIUS
CAIUS
n.
The first name of a person, by which individuals of the same family were distinguished, answering to our Christian name, as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc.
n.
An additional or fourth name given by the Romans, on account of some remarkable exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio Africanus.