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Medical condition
Aromatase excess syndrome (AES or AEXS) is a rarely diagnosed genetic and endocrine syndrome which is characterized by an overexpression of aromatase
Aromatase_excess_syndrome
Enzyme involved in estrogen production
finch. A number of investigators have reported on a rather rare syndrome of excess aromatase activity. In boys, it creates gynecomastia, and in girls, precocious
Aromatase
Enlargement of the human male breast
as aromatase inhibitors are effective, even in rare cases of gynecomastia from disorders such as aromatase excess syndrome or Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, but
Gynecomastia
resemblance of the increased aromatase activity in chickens, to the aromatase excess syndrome in humans, a rather rare syndrome that can lead to gynecomastia
Hen_feathering
Medical condition
ambiguous genitalia. Aromatase activity of the placenta was approximately ten times less than the normal range. Aromatase excess syndrome Congenital estrogen
Aromatase_deficiency
Medical condition
opposite of EIS is hyperestrogenism, for instance that seen in aromatase excess syndrome. In 1994, a 28-year-old man was diagnosed with EIS after presenting
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome
Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome
Rare human disease
two-thirds of women with macromastia are obese. Aside from aromatase (as in aromatase excess syndrome), at least two other genetic mutations (one in PTEN, the
Breast_hypertrophy
Puberty occurring at an unusually early age
21-hydroxylase deficiency, in which there is an excess of androgens. Thus, in the aromatase excess syndrome the precocious puberty is isosexual in females
Precocious_puberty
Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics
PMID 4432067. S2CID 36427689. Metwalley, K., Farghaly, H.S. Aromatase excess syndrome in children: insight on pathophysiology, clinical manifestation
Intersex
Excess estrogen in the body
Hyperestrogenism can be caused by ovarian tumors, genetic conditions such as aromatase excess syndrome (also known as familial hyperestrogenism), or overconsumption
Hyperestrogenism
Syndromes
Arakawa's syndrome II Arboleda–Tham syndrome Ardalan–Shoja–Kiuru syndrome AREDYLD syndrome Aromatase excess syndrome Arterial tortuosity syndrome Arthrogryposis–renal
List_of_syndromes
Symptoms from excessive exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol
cause hypocalcemia. The excess cortisol may also affect other endocrine systems and cause, for example, insomnia, inhibited aromatase, reduced libido, impotence
Cushing's_syndrome
Hormonal disorder in women
Farquhar C (2022). "Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome". The Cochrane Database
Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome
Polyendocrine_metabolic_ovarian_syndrome
Mosaic genetic disorder affecting the bone, skin and endocrine systems
production of excess cAMP. The mutation that causes McCune–Albright syndrome arises very early during embryogenesis. Because all cases of the syndrome are sporadic
McCune–Albright_syndrome
Topics referred to by the same term
Hexachaeta aex, a species of fruit fly AEXS (aromatase excess syndrome), a rare condition that results in excess estrogen This disambiguation page lists articles
AEX
Medical conditions involving the development of the reproductive system
incidence of clitoromegaly). Aromatase deficiency can also be caused by mutations in P450 oxidoreductase gene. Aromatase excess syndrome (familial hyperestrogenism)
Disorders_of_sex_development
Biological process in primates
1998). "The aromatase excess syndrome is associated with feminization of both sexes and autosomal dominant transmission of aberrant P450 aromatase gene transcription"
Breast_development
Protein found in humans
implicated in two diseases: The aromatase excess syndrome: Heterozygous chromosomal inversion brings a cryptic aromatase promoter containing a portion of
Cingulin-like_protein_1
Pharaoh of Egypt from 1333 to 1324 BC
disability syndrome, Fröhlich syndrome (adiposogenital dystrophy), Klinefelter syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome, or aromatase excess syndrome. It has
Tutankhamun
Primary female sex hormone
metabolism, such as estrogen insensitivity syndrome, aromatase deficiency, and aromatase excess syndrome.[citation needed] Estrogens promote salt and
Estrogen
Proteins activated by the hormone estrogen
Membrane estrogen receptor Estrogen insensitivity syndrome Aromatase deficiency Aromatase excess syndrome Dahlman-Wright K, Cavailles V, Fuqua SA, Jordan
Estrogen_receptor
Eighteenth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh
and his family have either had aromatase excess syndrome and sagittal craniosynostosis syndrome, or Antley–Bixler syndrome. In 2010, results published from
Akhenaten
Lack of estrogen in the body
involved in sexual desire in men. Estrogen insensitivity syndrome Aromatase excess syndrome Atsma F, Bartelink ML, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT (2006)
Hypoestrogenism
Medical condition
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a condition involving the inability to respond to androgens, typically due to androgen receptor dysfunction. It
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome
Gonadotropin that regulates the development of reproductive processes
metabolic ovarian syndrome Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome + obesity + hirsutism + infertility Kallmann syndrome Aromatase excess syndrome Hypothalamic
Follicle-stimulating_hormone
Anatomical remains of the pharaoh
Disorders that produce gynecomastia such as aromatase excess syndrome, or the proposed "Tutankhamun syndrome", or affect the ribs and sternum such as pectus
Tutankhamun's_mummy
microphthalmia Arnold–Stickler–Bourne syndrome Arnold–Chiari malformation Aromatase deficiency Aromatase excess syndrome Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
List_of_diseases_(A)
as in certain conditions like cirrhosis, Klinefelter's syndrome, and aromatase excess syndrome. Such conditions may be treated with drugs with antiestrogen
Estrogen-dependent_condition
Medical condition
using antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors to treat persistent pubertal gynecomastia. Unlike Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, a disorder that was determined
Wilson–Turner_syndrome
ARG1 Argininosuccinic aciduria; 207900; ASL Aromatase deficiency; 613546; CYP19A1 Aromatase excess syndrome; 139300; CYP19A1 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes
Absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
insensitivity syndrome and Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor: Identification of a new androgen receptor gene mutation and evidence of aromatase hyperactivity
Amenorrhea
Darkening of an area of skin or nails due to increased melanin
application of mercurial ointments or skin-whitening creams. Aromatase deficiency Nelson's syndrome Graves' disease Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SOID).
Hyperpigmentation
Group of diseases involving cell growth
chances of getting breast cancer by taking tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitors. No vitamin, multivitamin, or nutritional supplement is recommended
Cancer
Failure to ovulate during a menstrual cycle
"Treatment of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement of the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society". Fertility and Sterility
Anovulation
Medical condition
steroidogenic enzymes CYP17A1 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase), CYP19A1 (aromatase), and CYP21A2 (21-hydroxylase); CYP26B1 (metabolizes retinoic acid); and
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency
Cytochrome_P450_oxidoreductase_deficiency
Medical intervention
treatment of PCOS include the oestrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, insulin sensitising drugs, and hormonal ovarian stimulation
Ovarian_drilling
mass index (BMI) over 30. However, BMI does not account for whether the excess weight is fat or muscle, and is not a measure of body composition. For most
Obesity_and_fertility
Medical condition
Androgen Excess and Pcos Society Disease State Clinical Review: Guide to the Best Practices in the Evaluation and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome--Part
Pattern_hair_loss
Medical condition
'add-back' therapy or with calcium-regulating agents to reduce bone loss. Aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole and letrozole, are third-line treatments
Endometriosis
Skeletal disorder
subclinical hypothyroidism. Several drugs induce hypogonadism, for example aromatase inhibitors used in breast cancer, methotrexate and other antimetabolite
Osteoporosis
Branch of scientific study
on the development of compulsive behavior in mice. Male mice with an aromatase gene knockout who were unable to produce estrogen showed excessive grooming
Animal_psychopathology
Relationship between biological organs
feedback and inhibin B produced by the developing follicle. FSH stimulates aromatase activity in granulosa cells, converting androgens to estrogen. As FSH
Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal_axis
Time when menstrual periods stop permanently
ovaries. After menopause, estrogen continues to be produced mostly by aromatase in fat tissues and is produced in small amounts in many other tissues
Menopause
Substance abuse of alcoholic beverages
and result in increased alcohol usage. Additionally, the enzyme TTTAn aromatase, which functions in the male brain to convert testosterone to estradiols
Alcohol_abuse
Gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis
Gonadal dysgenesis, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome Castration Swyer syndrome Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome Certain forms of congenital
Luteinizing_hormone
1940s, Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner described two related syndromes, later termed Asperger syndrome and infantile autism. Kanner thought that the condition
History_of_autism
Genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation
for the treatment of breast cancer. Another class of hormonal agents, aromatase inhibitors, now have an expanding role in the treatment of breast cancer
Causes_of_cancer
Loose connective tissue composed mostly by adipocytes
adipose-derived stem cells. Adipose tissue is a major peripheral source of aromatase in both males and females, contributing to the production of estradiol
Adipose_tissue
Medical condition
compared to therapy with aromatase inhibitors (i.e. medicines that block the production of estrogens); and d) therapy with an aromatase inhibitor plus a GNRH
Male_breast_cancer
Medical condition
testosterone to estradiol. This conversion is mediated by aromatase and can be inhibited by aromatase blockers such as testolactone. Blocking the effects and
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_21-hydroxylase_deficiency
Inability to reproduce
aromatase inhibitors, or gonadotropins (especially when combined with intrauterine insemination) have a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome which
Infertility
Class of drugs
W, et al. (February 2009). "The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report". Fertility
Anabolic_steroid
Uterine cancer that is located in tissues lining the uterus
therapy that is effective in treating breast cancer, including the use of aromatase inhibitors, is also being investigated for use in endometrial cancer.
Endometrial_cancer
Chemical compound
progestogenic activity. Conversely, trenbolone acetate is not a substrate for aromatase and hence lacks estrogenic activity. The compound also has weak glucocorticoid
Trenbolone_acetate
Antiandrogen medication used in treatment of prostate cancer
Escobar-Morreale HF (2015). "Targets to treat androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome". Expert Opin Ther Targets. 19 (11): 1545–60. doi:10.1517/14728222
Enzalutamide
Birth control method taken orally
androstenedione to estradiol. This conversion process is catalyzed by aromatase, an enzyme produced as a result of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Combined oral contraceptive pill
Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill
Type of gender-affirming medical treatment
Klinefelter's syndrome, and karyotypical women are approximately 0.1%, 3%, and 12.5%, respectively. Women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (46,XY
Feminizing_hormone_therapy
Combination drug
scalp hair loss, and high androgen levels associated with Polycystic ovary syndrome. The medication is taken by mouth once daily for 21 days, followed by a
Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate
Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone_acetate
Pain during and sometimes before menstruation
Hilário SG, Bozzini N, Borsari R, Baracat EC (January 2009). "Action of aromatase inhibitor for treatment of uterine leiomyoma in perimenopausal patients"
Dysmenorrhea
Supplement and medication used to treat sleep disorders
evidence. Melatonin may be useful in the treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome. Melatonin is known to reduce jet lag, especially in eastward travel. However
Melatonin as a medication and supplement
Melatonin_as_a_medication_and_supplement
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
ketoconazole. Spironolactone and bicalutamide require combination with an aromatase inhibitor to prevent the effects of unopposed estrogens, while the others
Antiandrogen
Cancer that originates in mammary glands
with GnRH-targeted drugs (goserelin, leuprolide, or triptorelin) and aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane) slightly improves survival
Breast_cancer
Medication producing effects similar to progesterone
addition, megestrol acetate has been found to be significantly inferior to aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer, and in relation to this
Progestogen_(medication)
Chemical compound
(30 mg daily) estradiol for patients with estrogen receptor positive aromatase inhibitor resistant advanced breast cancer". Cancer Research. 69 (2 Supplement):
Diethylstilbestrol
Medical condition
reduction of breast cancer risk, particularly in women with BRCA2 mutations. Aromatase inhibitors are medications that prevent estrogen production in the adrenal
BRCA_mutation
because of increased conversion of testosterone to estrogen by the enzyme aromatase. Reduced sexual function and temporary infertility can also occur in males
Doping_in_American_football
Antiandrogen medication
precocious puberty in boys at 12.5 to 100 mg/day in combination with an aromatase inhibitor like anastrozole, especially for familial male-limited precocious
Bicalutamide
Steroidal hormone medication
previously treated with and benefited from but acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors. Polyestradiol phosphate is also used to treat breast cancer
Estradiol_(medication)
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
without affecting OPG expression in osteoblasts. Further, in the absence of aromatase enzymes converting testosterone into estrogen, testosterone and DHT downregulate
Osteoprotegerin
Human enzyme that hydroxylates steroids
cytochrome P450 enzymes, the others being steroid 17-hydroxylase and aromatase. Unlike other enzymes of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes that
21-Hydroxylase
Pharmaceutical compound
men treated with a GnRH agonist and testosterone with versus without an aromatase inhibitor. In any case, findings that bicalutamide helps to preserve body
Pharmacology_of_bicalutamide
loss and osteoporosis. For reasons that are unclear, anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor (or an inhibitor of estrogen biosynthesis), has been found to
Side_effects_of_bicalutamide
Overview article
androstenedione and testosterone (which can be directly converted by aromatase to the estrogens estrone and estradiol, respectively). Increased blood
Risk factors for breast cancer
Risk_factors_for_breast_cancer
Mechanisms of action
incomplete. Spironolactone has been found not to have activity as an aromatase inhibitor. Spironolactone has been found to directly interact with the
Pharmacodynamics of spironolactone
Pharmacodynamics_of_spironolactone
"Lower-dose vs high-dose oral estradiol therapy of hormone receptor-positive, aromatase inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer: a phase 2 randomized study"
Pharmacokinetics_of_estradiol
ISBN 978-3-11-150424-7. Lauritzen CH (January 1976). "The female climacteric syndrome: significance, problems, treatment". Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
Pharmacodynamics_of_estradiol
AROMATASE EXCESS-SYNDROME
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AROMATASE EXCESS-SYNDROME