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Superorder of mammals including anteaters, sloths, and armadillos
Xenarthra (/zɛˈnɑːrθrə/; from Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos), meaning "strange, foreign", and ἄρθρον (árthron), meaning "joint") is a superorder and major
Xenarthra
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Eutheria
three major subdivisions or lineages of placental mammals: Boreoeutheria, Xenarthra, and Afrotheria. All of these diverged from common ancestors.[citation
Placentalia
Magnorder of mammals
magnorder of placental mammals containing the cohorts or superorders Xenarthra and Afrotheria. These groups originated and radiated in the South American
Atlantogenata
Diverse group of extinct sloth species
sloths are a diverse group of extinct sloths in the mammalian superorder Xenarthra. They varied widely in size; the largest belonged to the genera Lestodon
Ground_sloth
Species of mammal
and share the superorder Xenarthra with the Cingulata (whose only extant members are armadillos). The two orders of Xenarthra split 65 million years ago
Giant_anteater
Placental mammals in the order Cingulata
placental mammals in the order Cingulata. They form part of the superorder Xenarthra, along with the anteaters and sloths. Twenty-one extant species of armadillo
Armadillo
Genus of extinct ground sloth
anatomy with "edentate" mammals (now recognised as members of the order Xenarthra) in the collection of the Paris museum, correctly recognised that the
Megatherium
Group of tree dwelling mammals noted for slowness
species of which exist solely on sloths. Sloths belong to the superorder Xenarthra, a group of placental mammals believed to have evolved in the continent
Sloth
Order of mammals
suborder of the order Xenarthra, while some more recent classifications regard Pilosa as an order within the superorder Xenarthra. Earlier still, both
Pilosa
Preptotheria is a superorder of placental mammals proposed by McKenna & Bell in their classification of mammals. The Linnean taxonomy of Preptotheria according
Preptotheria
Subfamily of extinct mammals belonging to the armadillo order of xenarthrans
DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont Doedicurus sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos"
Glyptodont
Genus of large, heavily armored mammals
and Pampatheridae. Cingulata is itself within the basal mammal group Xenarthra, which includes an array of American mammal groups like Vermilingua (anteaters)
Glyptodon
Mammals known for eating ants and termites
also known by a number of indigenous names. Anteaters are part of the Xenarthra superorder, a once diverse group of mammals that occupied South America
Anteater
Extinct genus of giant ground sloth
De Iuliis, Gerardo (January 2006). "Eremotherium Laurillardi (Lund) (Xenarthra, Megatheriidae), the Panamerican giant ground sloth: Taxonomic aspects
Eremotherium
Order of armored mammals from the Americas
Cingulata, part of the superorder Xenarthra, is an order of armored New World placental mammals. The armadillos, whose species are split between the families
Cingulata
Founding Father, U.S. president from 1801 to 1809
2024). "Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)". ZooKeys (1195): 297–308. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1195
Thomas_Jefferson
Front teeth of most mammals
18, whereas armadillos, anteaters and other animals in the superorder Xenarthra have none. Adult humans normally have eight incisors, two of each type
Incisor
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Ignacio A. (2020-07-02). "Gregariousness in the giant sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra): multi-proxy approach of a bonebed from the Last Maximum Glacial of Argentine
Lestodon
Extinct genus of mammals
diverging cingulate (Xenarthra: Peltephilidae) from the Late Oligocene of Bolivia and considerations regarding the origin of crown Xenarthra". Bulletin of the
Peltephilus
Extinct genus of mammals
Gillette, David (2017-01-16). "A new species of Panochthus Burmeister (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of the Eastern Cordillera
Panochthus
Family of extinct armadillo-like grazing mammals
Scillato-Yané; Esteban Soibelzon (2015). "A Peculiar New Pampatheriidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Pleistocene of Argentina and Comments on Pampatheriidae
Pampatheriidae
Animals in class Mammalia
9 species Order Pholidota (pangolins): 1 family, 8 species Superorder Xenarthra Order Cingulata (armadillos): 2 families, 22 species Order Pilosa (sloths
List_of_mammals
Extinct genus of glyptodont
some modern armadillo species, and they are classified in the superorder Xenarthra alongside sloths and anteaters. Being a glyptodont, it was a rotund animal
Doedicurus
Extinct genus of xenarthran mammals
Cretaceous or Paleogene, although the origins of mammalian orders like Xenarthra and Notoungulata ended up on the continent remains a mystery. There were
Glyptotherium
Proposed clade of placental mammals
in 2001 on the basis of molecular research. Exafroplacentalia places Xenarthra as a sister group to the Boreoeutheria (comprising Laurasiatheria and
Exafroplacentalia
Clade of mammals
armadillos. However, those aforementioned species are now placed in the order Xenarthra, along with sloths; Pholidotamorpha is now classified under the mirorder
Pholidotamorpha
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placentals—Afrotheria, Xenarthra and Boreoeutheria—which diverged in the Cretaceous. The relationships
Mammal
Superorder of mammals containing elephants and elephant shrews
(containing placental mammals). Relations within the three cohorts, Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Boreoeutheria, and the identity of the placental root, remain somewhat
Afrotheria
Clade of mammals in the subclass Theria
Placentalia Atlantogenata Xenarthra Afrotheria Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Euarchontoglires
Eutheria
The Haile Quarry or Haile sites are an Early Miocene and Pleistocene assemblage of vertebrate fossils located in the Haile quarries, Alachua County, northern
Haile_Quarry_site
Family of mammals
touch their young without causing injury. Myrmecophagids belong to the Xenarthra, formerly known as Edentata, which also includes sloths and armadillos
Myrmecophagidae
Extinct genus of ground sloths
of the Xenarthra (Mammalia) and its use in reconstructing the palaeodiet of extinct taxa: the case study of Nothrotheriops shastensis (Xenarthra, Tardigrada
Nothrotheriops
Species of mammals from South America
is one of four species of three-toed sloths belonging to the suborder Xenarthra and are placental mammals. They are endemic to the Atlantic coastal rainforest
Northern_maned_sloth
Superorder of mammals
magnorder, or superorder. Relations among the four cohorts (Euarchontoglires, Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria) and the identity of the placental root remain
Euarchontoglires
Genus of mammals
Moraes-Barros, N.; Arteaga, M. C. (1 June 2015). "Genetic diversity in Xenarthra and its relevance to patterns of neotropical biodiversity". Journal of
Two-toed_sloth
Family of anteaters
Daniel G. (1998-09-01). "The Phylogeny of the Myrmecophagidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Vermilingua) and the Relationship of Eurotamandua to the Vermilingua"
Cyclopedidae
Species of New World mammal
studies. In Vizcaíno, S.F. and W.J. Loughry (eds)., The biology of the Xenarthra, University Press of Florida. pp. 269-280. ISBN 978-0-8130-3165-1 Voirin
Brown-throated_sloth
Extinct genus of sloths
Biology of the Xenarthra. University Press of Florida. pp. 39–55. Timothy J. Gaudrin: "Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada):
Ahytherium
Clade of mammals
Epitherians comprise all the placental mammals except the Xenarthra. They are primarily characterized by having a stirrup-shaped stapes in the middle
Epitheria
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Chile. As of January 2011, there are 152 mammal species listed for Chile, of which four are critically
List_of_mammals_of_Chile
Extinct genus of mammals
ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae)". In Farina, R. A. (ed.). Morphological Studies in Fossil and Extant Xenarthra (Mammalia). Senckenbergiana
Mylodon
This is a list of mammals of Texas. Mammals native to or immediately off the coast of the U.S. state of Texas are listed first. Introduced mammals, whether
List_of_mammals_of_Texas
Genus of leaf beetles
Thunberg, 1814 Type species Taumacera deusta Thunberg, 1814 Synonyms Xenarthra Baly, 1861 Doridea Baly, 1864 Platyxantha Baly, 1864 Thaumacera Gemminger
Taumacera
Species of pilosan mammal
Moraes-Barros, Nadia; Arteaga, Maria Clara (3 August 2015). "Genetic diversity in Xenarthra and its relevance to patterns of neotropical biodiversity". Journal of
Hoffmann's_two-toed_sloth
Family of South American cingulates (armadillos)
diverging cingulate (Xenarthra: Peltephilidae) from the Late Oligocene of Bolivia and considerations regarding the origin of crown Xenarthra. Bulletin of the
Peltephilidae
Extinct family of ground sloths
Ear Region of Edentates and the Phylogeny of the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (3): 672–705. Bibcode:1995JVPal
Mylodontidae
U.S. state
2024). "Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)". ZooKeys (1195): 297–308. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1195
West_Virginia
Extinct genus of ground sloths
2024). "Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)". ZooKeys (1195): 297–308. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1195
Megalonyx
Extinct genus of ground sloths
(2022-11-01). "New well-preserved materials of Glossotherium chapadmalense (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Pliocene of Argentina shed light on the origin
Glossotherium
tympanohyal. It is found in a wide variety of placental mammals, including Xenarthra, Afroinsectophilia, Hyracoidea, Pholidota, Carnivora, Perissodactyla,
Entotympanic
bandicoots, dasyurids, diprodonts (kangaroos, wallabies, wombats, koalas). Xenarthra (superorder containing 2 extant orders) List of xenarthrans by population
Lists of mammals by population
Lists_of_mammals_by_population
Taxonomy of mammals
reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals, Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria, which diverged from early common ancestors in the
Mammal_classification
Extinct family of sloths
(2024-03-18). "Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)". ZooKeys (1195): 297–308. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1195
Megalonychidae
Order of mammals
Gastrointestinal Tract in Eutheria I: Taxonomy, Biogeography and Food: Afrotheria, Xenarthra and Euarchontoglires. De Gruyter. p. 186. ISBN 978-3-11-052773-5. Prothero
Rodent
Species of armadillo
peculiar integumentary system of Chlamyphorus truncatus Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra)". Journal of Zoology. 322 (3): 203–220. doi:10.1111/jzo.13136. ISSN 1469-7998
Pink_fairy_armadillo
Extinct genus of ground sloths
H. G.; Perea, D. (2002). "The large scelidothere Catonyx tarijensis (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Pleistocene of Uruguay". Journal of Vertebrate
Catonyx
Species of mammals related to anteaters and armadillos
includes anteaters. They belong to the super order Xenarthra, which includes the Cingulata. Xenarthra are edentate or toothless. They lack incisors and
Linnaeus's_two-toed_sloth
Species of mammals related to sloths and armadillos
(1997). "Myology of the feeding apparatus of myrmecophagid anteaters (Xenarthra: Myrmecophagidae)". Mammalian Species. 4 (1): 87–117. doi:10.1023/A:1027366129277
Northern_tamandua
Extinct genus of mammals
"Paleobiogeography, biostratigraphy and systematics of the Hoplophorini (Xenarthra, Glyptodontoidea, Hoplophorinae) from the Ensenadan Stage (early Pleistocene
Neosclerocalyptus
Extinct, aquatic ground sloth from South America
(2022-09-15). "Unexpected record of the aquatic sloth Thalassocnus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Folivora) in the upper Neogene of the Puna (Jujuy, Argentina)". Journal
Thalassocnus
Extinct genus of mammals
Juan; Montalvo, Claudia; Yané, G. J. Scillato (2008). "Dasypodidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) de la Formación Cerro Azul (Mioceno tardío) de la provincia
Macroeuphractus
Extinct genus of mammal
S2CID 25974749. Ferreira, T. (2018). "Pampatherium humboldtii (Lund, 1839) (Xenarthra, Cingulata) of the Southern Brazilian Quaternary: cranial anatomy and
Pampatherium
xen- foreign Greek ξένϝος, ξένος (xénos), ξενικός, ξενία (xenía) axenic, Xenarthra, xenia, xenic, xenobiotic, xenoblast, xenogamy, xenograft, xenolith, xenology
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/X
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/X
A list of prehistoric and extant species whose fossils have been found in the La Brea Tar Pits, located in present-day Hancock Park, a city park on the
Paleobiota of the La Brea Tar Pits
Paleobiota_of_the_La_Brea_Tar_Pits
"Cranial osteology of the basal megatherioid sloth Schismotherium (Mammalia, Xenarthra) and its taxonomic implications". Historical Biology. 36 (2): 350–368
Schismotherium
Type of color vision
genes OPN1SW, OPN1LW, and PDE6C determined that all mammals in the cohort Xenarthra (representing sloths, anteaters and armadillos) developed rod monochromacy
Monochromacy
Family of armadillos
zoologie. 17 (2): 1182–1246. Engelmann, G. F. (1985). The phylogeny of the Xenarthra. The evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths, and vermilinguas. Smithsonian
Chlamyphoridae
Dutch-born Surinamese interpreter, nonprofit executive and environmentalist
directing the Green Heritage Fund Suriname, which focuses on rescuing Xenarthra, most notably sloths. She gained international recognition upon being
Monique_Pool
Property of a group not united by common ancestry
phylogenetics". In Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Loughry, W. J. (eds.). The biology of the Xenarthra. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. 11–23. ISBN 9780813031651
Polyphyly
Genus of sloths
L.; Woods, Charles A. (2000). "New Megalonychid Sloths (Phyllophaga, Xenarthra) from the Quaternary of Hispaniola". American Museum Novitates (3303):
Acratocnus
Species of mammals related to sloths and armadillos
Santos, F.R. (2017). "Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species". Zoological
Silky_anteater
This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in South America. South America's terrestrial mammals fall into three distinct groups: "old-timers"
List of mammals of South America
List_of_mammals_of_South_America
Mammals of the order Pholidota
mother. The order Pholidota was long considered to be the sister taxon to Xenarthra (neotropical anteaters, sloths, and armadillos), but recent genetic evidence
Pangolin
Extinct family of prehistoric ground sloths
Ear Region of Edentates and the Phylogeny of the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (3): 672–705. Bibcode:1995JVPal
Scelidotheriidae
Extinct subfamily of mammals
Gerardo De (1996). A systematic review of the Megatheriinae (Mammalia: Xenarthra Megatheriidae) (Thesis). Varela, Luciano; Tambusso, P Sebastián; McDonald
Megatheriinae
Species of mammal belonging to the armadillo order
Norma L.; Montalvo, Claudia I. (2021). "Nuevos registros de Dasypodidae (Xenarthra) del Mioceno tardío de la Provincia de La Pampa, Argentina". Spanish Journal
Pichi
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Carlini, A. A. (2009). The Scelidotheriinae Ameghino, 1904 (Phyllophaga, Xenarthra) from the Ensenadan–Lujanian Stage/Ages (Early Pleistocene to Early-Middle
Scelidodon
This is a list of the native mammal species recorded in Argentina. As of January 2020, the list contains 402 mammal species from Argentina, of which one
List_of_mammals_of_Argentina
DNA located in mitochondria
Stanhope MJ, Douzery EJ (August 2003). "Molecular systematics of armadillos (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae): contribution of maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses
Mitochondrial_DNA
Proboscidea, elephants Order Sirenia, manatees and dugongs Superorder Xenarthra Order Cingulata, armadillos Order Pilosa, sloths and anteaters Magnorder
List_of_chordate_orders
Genus of mammals belonging to the armadillo order of xenarthrans
html http://www.thewebsiteofeverything.com/animals/mammals/Xenarthra/Dasypodidae/Tolypeutes/index.html Melo, Siqueira, J. A., Santos, B. A
Tolypeutes
Extinct species of manatee
Ubilla, Martín (2012-08-31). "Una nueva especie de Holmesina Simpson (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Pampatheriidae) del Pleistoceno de Rondônia, sudoeste de la
Trichechus_hesperamazonicus
Extinct genus of armadillo-like mammals
Fernandes, M. A. (2019). "A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil". Zootaxa. 4661 (3):
Holmesina
Legendary cryptid in the Amazon
Martín (April 2021). "The dermal armor of mylodontid sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Cueva del Milodón (Última Esperanza, Chile)". Journal of Morphology
Mapinguari
between Xenarthra and the rest. However, analysis of transposable element insertions supports a three-way top-level split between Xenarthra, Afrotheria
Evolution_of_mammals
This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in Central America. Central America is usually defined as the southernmost extension of North
List of mammals of Central America
List_of_mammals_of_Central_America
Species of mammals
Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Infraclass Eutheria Superorder Xenarthra Chlamyphorinae Calyptophractus Greater fairy armadillo (C. retusus) Chlamyphorus
Brazilian three-banded armadillo
Brazilian_three-banded_armadillo
Species of anteater
Fernando A. (October 2017). "Morphology of the tongue of Vermilingua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) and evolutionary considerations". Journal of Morphology. 278
Southern_tamandua
Geologic formation in Peru
& de Muizon, Christian. (2002). The cranial anatomy of Thalassocnus (Xenarthra, Mammalia), a derived nothrothere from the Neogene of the Pisco Formation
Pisco_Formation
Ability to perceive differences in light frequency
monochromacy in sloths and armadillos suggests early subterranean history for Xenarthra". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1800)
Color_vision
Extinct genus of ground sloths from North America
Timothy J. (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence". Zoological Journal of the Linnean
Paramylodon
Geological formation in northeastern Argentina
; Oliva, Cristian; Zamorano, Martín (2013), "Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó
Ituzaingó_Formation
Species of mammals from Central America
Handley Jr., C. O. (2001). "A new species of three-toed sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from Panama, with a review of the genus Bradypus". Proceedings of the
Pygmy_three-toed_sloth
Extinct genus of ground sloth
(November 2019). "A reappraisal of the phylogeny of Mylodontidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) and the divergence of mylodontine and lestodontine sloths". Zoologica
Ocnotherium
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Yané, Gustavo J.; Sánchez, Rodolfo (2006-08-11). "New Mylodontoidea (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga) from the Middle Miocene-Pliocene of Venezuela". Journal
Bolivartherium
One of Earth's eight biogeographic realms
Troglodytidae). Mammal groups originally unique to the Neotropics include: Order Xenarthra: anteaters, sloths, and armadillos New World monkeys Solenodontidae, the
Neotropical_realm
Geological group in the Colombian Andes
Retrieved 2017-05-04. Villarroel A., Carlos S (2000). "Un nuevo Mylodontinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) en la Fauna de La Venta, Mioceno de Colombia: el estado actual
Honda_Group,_Colombia
Primary sexual organ of male animals
). Gale. pp. 171–79. ISBN 978-0-7876-7750-3. "New data on armadillos (Xenarthra: Dasypodidae) for Central Patagonia, Argentina." Agustin M. Abba, et al
Penis
Extinct family of ground sloths
Reassessment of the Relationships of the Nothrothere Sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (2). Society of Vertebrate Paleontology:
Megatheriidae
Extinct genus of pangolins
anteater related to genus Tamandua, and later as primitive member of Xenarthra. However, this classification was highly unlikely because all known fossil
Eurotamandua
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