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Vigilante violence against minorities in the 1800s US
itself: "Whitecapping is the crime of threatening a person with violence. Ordinarily, members of the minority groups are the victims of whitecapping." Whitecapping
Whitecapping
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category v t e Individuals lain in state, in honor and in repose in the
Abraham_Lincoln
Topics referred to by the same term
a 19th-century American Southwest group who fought against squatters Whitecapping, a violent vigilante movement in late 19th to early 20th century America
Whitecaps
Act of preventing and punishing crimes without legal authority
scandalous activityPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Whitecapping – Vigilante violence against minorities in the 1800s US Rosenbaum, H
Vigilantism
Laws aiming to combat resistance to reconstruction after the US Civil War
to punish a group of men for interfering with black workers through whitecapping. Hodges v. United States would be overruled in Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer
Enforcement_Acts
1865 murder in Washington, D.C., US
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln
Punishment carried out without legal processes or a trial
Terrorism Torture Vigilante Vigilantism in the United States of America Whitecapping Miethe, Terance D.; Lu, Hong (2005). Punishment: A Comparative Historical
Extrajudicial_punishment
Race or ethnic-based discrimination
throughout the New World in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Whitecapping, which started in Indiana in the late 19th century, soon spread throughout
Racism
All-white municipalities that practice a form of racial segregation
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Sundown_town
American white supremacist terrorist organization
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Black Legion (political movement)
Black_Legion_(political_movement)
President of the United States from 1877 to 1881
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Rutherford_B._Hayes
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Ulysses_S._Grant
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864 United States presidential election
1864_United_States_presidential_election
President of the United States from 1865 to 1869
Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category v t e United States representatives from Tennessee 1st district
Andrew_Johnson
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Racial segregation in the United States
Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States
American vigilante group
White caps were groups involved in the whitecapping movement who were operating in southern Indiana in the late 19th century. They engaged in vigilante
Indiana_White_Caps
films based on revenge theme Violent non-state actor Whistleblower Whitecapping Tarring and feathering "Phenomenology of Vigilantism in Contemporary
Vigilantism in the United States
Vigilantism_in_the_United_States
1865 amendment abolishing slavery
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Reconstruction_era
American politician
debt and enacted mine safety regulations. He also attempted to control whitecapping. The controversial manner in which the state legislature elected him
James_B._Frazier
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the U.S.
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Jim_Crow_laws
Battle of the American Civil War
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Battle of Appomattox Court House
Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 United States presidential election
1876_United_States_presidential_election
Penal labor system in the Southern United States
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Convict_leasing
Faction of the U.S. Republican Party, 1870s–1880s
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Stalwarts_(politics)
Post-civil war voter suppression efforts in the United States
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
Disfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era
1860s American term
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Scalawag
Folk custom shaming a community member
July 2023. Palmer, Bryan D. (2005). "Discordant Music: Charivaris and Whitecapping in Nineteenth-Century North America". Crime and Deviance in Canada. Toronto:
Charivari
1916 killing in Waco, Texas, U.S.
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868 United States presidential election
1868_United_States_presidential_election
American political scandal
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Crédit_Mobilier_scandal
White paramilitary group from the United States
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
White_League
Violence following a murder in Georgia
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
May_1918_lynchings
Segregationist and discriminatory state and local laws passed after the Civil War
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Black_Codes_(United_States)
1866 United States Supreme Court case
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Ex_parte_Milligan
1877 US commission
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Electoral Commission (United States)
Electoral_Commission_(United_States)
American political group
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Redeemers
1863 civil unrest protesting American Civil War conscription
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
New_York_City_draft_riots
Financial crisis leading to economic depression in Europe and North America
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Panic_of_1873
Laws against interracial marriage
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States
Anti-miscegenation_laws_in_the_United_States
American lawyer and politician (1814–1869)
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Edwin_Stanton
Speculated political deal for the US presidency
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Compromise_of_1877
U.S. political event held in Tammany Hall in New York City
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868 Democratic National Convention
1868_Democratic_National_Convention
American statesman (1792–1868)
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Thaddeus_Stevens
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1872 United States presidential election
1872_United_States_presidential_election
Period of the US Supreme Court from 1888 to 1910
Congress to protect labor rights from racially motivated attacks such as whitecapping. Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. (1968) later overturned the case. Adair
Fuller_Court
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864–65 United States Senate elections
1864–65_United_States_Senate_elections
Late 19th-/early 20th-century period of US history
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Nadir of American race relations
Nadir_of_American_race_relations
Military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Red_River_War
Political party in the United States
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Liberal Republican Party (United States)
Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)
1919 period of white supremacist terrorism and racial riots in many U.S. cities
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Red_Summer
Migration from Southern US from 1910 to 1970
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Great Migration (African American)
Great_Migration_(African_American)
House elections for the 43rd U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections
1872–73_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
Lynching of a prominent Black citizen
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Isadore_Banks
Private savings bank chartered by the U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Freedman's_Savings_Bank
House elections for the 39th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections
1864–65_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
2019 non-fiction book by Eric Foner
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
The_Second_Founding
1923 massacre of African Americans in Florida, US
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Rosewood_massacre
American journalist and politician (1878–1958)
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Claude_G._Bowers
House elections for the 42nd U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections
1870–71_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
1910 nationwide race rioting in the U.S. following an interracial boxing match
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Johnson–Jeffries_riots
Worldwide economic recession from 1873 to 1879
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Long_Depression
Confederate attack on constitutional convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
New_Orleans_Massacre_of_1866
1898 insurrection and massacre in North Carolina, US
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Wilmington_massacre
August 1919 racial tensions in Chicago, Illinois, US
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Chicago_race_riot_of_1919
African American who was lynched in the U.S.
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Ed_Johnson
1873 United States Supreme Court case
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Slaughter-House_Cases
1874 attempted coup d'état against Louisiana state government
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Battle_of_Liberty_Place
Model for reinstatement of Southern states during the American Civil War
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Ten_percent_plan
House elections for the 41st U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections
1868–69_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 Republican National Convention
1876_Republican_National_Convention
Massacre of African Americans in Georgia
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
1906_Atlanta_race_massacre
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1868 Republican National Convention
1868_Republican_National_Convention
African-American mother and son lynched in Oklahoma, U.S. (1911)
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson
Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson
1873 murder of black men by white militia in Colfax, Louisiana
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Colfax_massacre
Anti-black violence in Arkansas in 1919
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Elaine_massacre
U.S. political event held in St. Louis, Missouri
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 Democratic National Convention
1876_Democratic_National_Convention
African-American lynching victim (c. 1883–1923)
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Joe_Pullen
Place in Oklahoma, United States
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Greenwood_District,_Tulsa
County in Indiana, United States
population of 90 Black people in 1850 had decreased to zero by 1860. Whitecapping, the process by which rural citizens used threats or extralegal violence
Washington_County,_Indiana
House elections for the 40th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections
1866–67_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
United States anti-obscenity law
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Comstock_Act_of_1873
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1862–63 United States Senate elections
1862–63_United_States_Senate_elections
City in Arkansas, United States
continued to face deprivation of their rights despite the war's outcome. Whitecapping by the Ku Klux Klan and other groups promoted a lawless atmosphere in
Osceola,_Arkansas
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1872 Republican National Convention
1872_Republican_National_Convention
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
List of expulsions of African Americans
List_of_expulsions_of_African_Americans
American political convention
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1876 Greenback National Convention
1876_Greenback_National_Convention
House elections for the 44th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections
1874–75_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
1917 massacre of Black Americans by white mob in East St. Louis, Illinois
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
East_St._Louis_massacre
U.S. political event held in Baltimore, Maryland
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1872 Democratic National Convention
1872_Democratic_National_Convention
F. Holmes, "Whitecapping in Mississippi: Agrarian Violence in the Populist Era", Mid America; 1973 55(2): 134–148; Holmes, "Whitecapping: Agrarian Violence
History_of_Mississippi
American historian (1915–2009)
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
John_Hope_Franklin
U.S. law defining citizenship and equal protection
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866
1864 bill on readmittance of states to the US
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Wade–Davis_Bill
1895 proposal by Booker T. Washington
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Atlanta_Compromise
Lynching of a black man in Illinois
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching_of_Andrew_Richards
U.S. political event held in Chicago, Illinois
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1864 Democratic National Convention
1864_Democratic_National_Convention
1872 U.S. federal law
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
Amnesty_Act
African-American man lynched in southern Illinois
Expulsions of African Americans Lynchings Lynching postcards Sundown town Whitecapping Vigilante groups Black Legion Indiana White Caps Ku Klux Klan Red Shirts
Lynching of William "Froggie" James
Lynching_of_William_"Froggie"_James
House elections for the 38th U.S. Congress
(human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping Category
1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections
1862–63_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
Boy/Male
French, German
Courageous; Prince of the People
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Leader of Islam
Girl/Female
Greek Latin
Most beautiful. Calista was a Mythological Arcadian who transformed into a she-bear, then into...
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Ganesh (Son of Lord Shiva & Parvati)
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rajrishi | ராஜரஷிÂ
Kings sage
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Parsi
Righteous Ruler
Boy/Male
Hindu
A respectable person, Beautiful Man
Boy/Male
British, Christian, English, German, Latin
Noble Friend; Intelligent; From Alba; A City on a White Hill
Boy/Male
Hindu
Mark
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Old High German Ricohard, RIKHARD means "powerful ruler."
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING
WHITECAPPING