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Global adoption of western culture and values
Global North. Westernization has been a growing influence across the world in the last few centuries, with some thinkers assuming Westernization to be the
Westernization
Political ideology in 19th-century Russian Empire
Pochvennichestvo, anti-Westernisation movement Slavophile Westernization Total Westernization Westernizer – Britannica Online Encyclopedia Howard F. Stein, "Russian
Westernizer
Pro-Western thoughts in mainland China
Communist Party had different views on total Westernization. There were views that regarded total westernization as a bourgeois liberalization proposition
Total_Westernization
Conjectured era without Western dominance
and Southernization respectively are sometimes applied (analogous to Westernization). Proponents often argue in favor of a post-Western era by pointing
Post-Western_era
response, a number of scholars resisted the idea, saying democracy and Westernization had no place in traditional Chinese culture. Liang Shuming's opinion
Democracy_in_China
Student-led demonstrations in China
Harsh Actions Threaten to Set Back 10-Year Reform Drive – Suspicions of Westernization Are Ascendant, and Army Has a Political Role Again – A Movement Unlikely
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre
Emperor of Russia from 1894 to 1917
they were increasingly alienated by the tsar's support of Stolypin's Westernizing reforms taken early in the Revolution of 1905 and especially by the political
Nicholas_II
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
378–380, 624. Buzpinar, Ş. Tufan (March 2007). "Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion". Middle Eastern Studies. 43 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1080/00263200601114091
Islam
Country in East Asia
opened the country to widespread proselytism as part of a project of Westernization. The weakness of Korean shamanism, which—unlike Japanese Shinto and
South_Korea
Health conditions thought to be a result of increasing wealth in society
consumption of animal products and selected illnesses Urbanization Westernization Ezzati M, Vander Hoorn S, Lawes CM, Leach R, James WP, Lopez AD, Rodgers
Diseases_of_affluence
1876 Japanese uprising
want to simply halt the Westernization process, they wanted to turn the clock back and eradicate every trace of Westernization, including the wearing of
Shinpūren_rebellion
Empire in East Asia (1897–1910)
Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwangmu Reform, a partial modernization and westernization of Korea's military, economy, land system, education system, and various
Korean_Empire
Leader of China since 2012
p. 223–246. Düben 2020, p. 111–128. Fenby 2019, p. 32. "Xi Rejects Westernization in Show of Faith in Self Reliance". Bloomberg News. 8 February 2023
Xi_Jinping
Late 19th-century Korean reform
Hanja: 光武改革) was a collection of reforms that were aimed at modernizing and Westernizing the Korean Empire as it felt held back from what other countries had
Kwangmu_Reform
openly exploring same-sex love in the arts until the 19th century, when Westernization led to the stigmatization of homosexuality, potentially influencing
Sexual and gender minorities in the Ottoman Empire
Sexual_and_gender_minorities_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Males who function socially and sexually as women in Arabia
Khanith (also spelled Khaneeth or referred to as Xanith; Arabic: خنيث, romanized: khanīth) is a term originating from the Arabian Peninsula to denote a
Khanith
Historical Chinese debate on West vs East
principle in his article "Moving Beyond the Traditional Westernization School and the Russian Westernization School" believed that Hu Shih was only revisiting
East–West_cultural_debate
Feelings and behaviors
Human male sexuality encompasses a wide variety of feelings and behaviors. Men's feelings of attraction may be caused by various physical and social traits
Human_male_sexuality
Upper class in Russian society before 1917
and the educational reforms of Catherine the Great. While cultural westernization was mostly superficial and restricted to court, it coincided with the
Russian_nobility
2003 film by Edward Zwick
inspired by the 1877 Satsuma Rebellion, led by Saigō Takamori, and the Westernization of Japan by foreign powers. Cruise portrays Nathan Algren, an American
The_Last_Samurai
Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740
more than one son, one could now stay behind to run the family estate. Westernization continued after Peter the Great's reign in areas of prominent Western
Anna_of_Russia
Sexuality in South Korea has been influenced by culture, religion, and westernization. Viewpoints in contemporary society can be viewed as a conflict between
Sexuality_in_South_Korea
Western-influenced variety of chinese language
Westernised Chinese (Chinese: 西式中文) encompasses common Chinese-language neologisms, spoken by foreign-influenced speakers or learners of Chinese, characterised
Westernised_Chinese_language
1972 Indian film
some problems associated with Westernization. The film was a hit and a star-making vehicle for Aman, who played a westernized hippie, and won the Filmfare
Haré_Rama_Haré_Krishna
Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979
Pro-Americanism Royalism Qajar dynasty Pahlavi dynasty Secular state Westernization History Safavid conversion to Shia Islam 1953 coup d'état White Revolution
Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi
Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796
Equality before the law Freedom Assembly Economic Press Religion Speech Westernizers Liberal democracy Popular sovereignty Rule of law Social justice History
Catherine_the_Great
before the arrival of Indian and Chinese travelers. With the rapid Westernization of popular music, Cambodian music has incorporated elements from music
Music_of_Cambodia
Danish teacher in Tibetan Buddhism (1941–2026)
In the same way, lay people are now playing a key role during the westernization of Tibetan Buddhism(s). The Mahāsiddha / crazy yogi heritage and the
Ole_Nydahl
1863 Japanese imperial edict
was an edict issued by the Japanese Emperor Kōmei in 1863 against the Westernization of Japan following the opening of the country by Commodore Matthew Perry
Order_to_expel_barbarians
Chinese liniment
Dit da jow (Jyutping: dit3 daa2 zau2; pinyin: Diē dǎ jiǔ) is a common Chinese liniment used as traditional medicine in the belief it can reduce the pain
Dit_da_jow
Japanese manga series by Naoko Takeuchi
obscure the age difference in the Western adaptations. Other examples of westernization referenced by Sailor Moon's audience included flipping scenes of traffic
Sailor_Moon
Title of Russian monarchs from 1547 to 1721
inclined to underline their separation from Western Europe than to promote Westernization by using foreign titles. Following the expansion of his realm, the grand
Tsar_of_all_Russia
Due to the effects of westernization, western music has influenced many musical cultures around the world. Japan's unique music styles were impacted by
Western influences in modern Japanese music
Western_influences_in_modern_Japanese_music
believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the Westernization and secularization efforts of the Western-backed Shah, as well as from
Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution
Background_and_causes_of_the_Iranian_Revolution
in the hijab and women's dress in Iran, reflecting the influence of Westernization, modernization, and political movements. The first Pahlavi era, under
Hijab_in_Iran
1858–1947 Crown colonial rule in India
Chunder Bonerjee as the first president. The membership consisted of a Westernized elite, and no effort was made at this time to broaden the base.[citation
British_Raj
Political philosophy based on tradition
Pro-Americanism Royalism Qajar dynasty Pahlavi dynasty Secular state Westernization History Safavid conversion to Shia Islam 1953 coup d'état White Revolution
Conservatism
ideological core of the state, but attempted to start a process of Westernization of the clergy, relying on those with a Western theological education
Church reform of Peter the Great
Church_reform_of_Peter_the_Great
Japanese woodblock print genre
woodblock prints (ukiyo-e) during the Meiji period that celebrated the Westernization of Tokyo and its people. The term "kaika" comes from political slogan
Kaika-e
Development of industry in Japan during the Shōwa era
characteristic of Shōwa Japan. It originated from the country's attempt to be Westernized. Industrialization first appeared in the textile industries, especially
Industrial production in Shōwa Japan
Industrial_production_in_Shōwa_Japan
Indian television series
the twin worlds of conventional Indian society as well as the urban westernized ethos. The basic story is about five MBAs who reunite 13 years after
A_Mouthful_of_Sky
Japanese writer (1862–1922)
explained. One of the representative examples which reflected the radical westernization took place in the western style building called "Rokumeikan", located
Mori_Ōgai
American government agency
The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom
Racial slur against Black people
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Nigger
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Ethnic slur for someone of African ancestry
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Sambo_(racial_term)
President of Turkey from 1923 to 1938
caliphate İzmir plot Secularism Educational reform Turkish language reform Westernization Industrialization Nation-building Turkification Citizen, speak Turkish
Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk
was the target of Glavlit in bowdlerizing works of print, while anti-Westernization and Soviet nationalism were common tropes for that goal. To limit peasant
Censorship in the Soviet Union
Censorship_in_the_Soviet_Union
South Korean boy band
also influenced the group, with Forbes noting that Cortis sounded "more westernized or global than most rookie groups", while the members still identify
Cortis
Ethnic slur against people from Spanish-speaking countries
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Spic
Study of the development of philosophy
Moaddel 2005, pp. 1–2 Masud 2009, pp. 237–238 Safi 2005, lead section, §Westernization and Islamic Paradigms Phillips 1998, p. 324 Perrett 2016, Indian Philosophy:
History_of_philosophy
Notation for expressing numbers in Thai
Thailand, although the Arabic numerals are more common due to extensive westernization of Thailand in the modern Rattanakosin period. Thai numerals follow
Thai_numerals
Emperor of Russia from 1855 to 1881
Equality before the law Freedom Assembly Economic Press Religion Speech Westernizers Liberal democracy Popular sovereignty Rule of law Social justice History
Alexander_II_of_Russia
Proposed state in Taiwan
Act "Taiwan the Formosa" Taiwan's 400 Year History Taiwanese indigenous peoples "Today Hong Kong, Tomorrow Taiwan" Westernization Taiwan portal v t e
Republic_of_Taiwan
Slur for Italians or people of Italian descent
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Wop
Derogatory and racially offensive word
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Wog
Cosmetic surgery for creating an eyelid crease
Samuel M. (2002-07-01). "Mikamo's Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty and the Westernization of Japan". Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery. 4 (3): 201–202. doi:10
East_Asian_blepharoplasty
Hindu organization
The Divine Light Mission (Divya Sandesh Parishad; DLM) was an organization founded in 1960 by guru Hans Ji Maharaj for his following in northern India
Divine_Light_Mission
Cantonese term for white people
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Gweilo
Feudal system of Tokugawa Japan
forces of the anti-Tokugawa movement was support for modernization and Westernization in Japan. From 1869 to 1871, the new Meiji government sought to abolish
Han_system
Countries predominantly situated in Asia
Middle East Hinduism by country Muslim world Near East Western world Westernization Thompson, William; Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus. Boston: Pearson
Eastern_world
Ethnic slur against East and Southeast Asians
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Gook
Ethnic slur directed at Indians and South Asians
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Pajeet
American Folklore character and metaphor
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Tar-Baby
Pornographic toy
Cultures, Io Jularbal, asserts that the barrel man is a byproduct of Westernization. He points out that prior to the arrival of foreigners in the Cordilleras
Barrel_man_(novelty)
Music style; orchestral music with elements from Greek folk rhythm and melody
Greek poets. Éntekhno arose in the late 1950s, drawing on rebetiko's Westernization by Vassilis Tsitsanis and Manolis Chiotis. Mikis Theodorakis and Manos
Éntekhno
Political system used by the Kuomintang
through strength Nativism Pro-Americanism Taiwanese culture Taiwanization Westernization History 1911 Revolution Anti-Qing sentiment Beiyang government Chinese
Democratic centralism (Kuomintang)
Democratic_centralism_(Kuomintang)
Following the end of the sakoku policy and especially during the increasing westernization of the Meiji era, Western literature has also had an influence on the
Japanese_literature
Westernization in Japan during the Meiji era (1868–1912)
lit. 'civilization and enlightenment') refers to the phenomenon of Westernization in Japan during the Meiji era (1868–1912), which led to major changes
Bunmei-kaika
Language system of Kenya
contingent tribes and/or sub-tribes. Their naming system has been subject to westernization and attrition to linguistics due to the Kenyan adoption of Swahili as
Kalenjin_Naming_System
Chinese dish consisting of fried pork tenders with sweet and sour sauce
Vice Media, the dish is often misunderstood to be "inauthentic, cheap, westernized" because it was developed to please western palates. Lucas Sin argues
Sweet_and_sour_pork
Capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina
were built at this time, and a large number of institutions were both Westernized and modernized. For the first time in history, Sarajevo's population
Sarajevo
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
List of terms used for Germans
List_of_terms_used_for_Germans
King of Siam from 1910 to 1925
Siamese nationalism. His reign was characterized by Siam's further Westernization, minimal participation in World War I, and lavish spending on arts and
Vajiravudh
1977 novel by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
include the challenges of capitalism, politics, and the effects of westernization. Education, schools, and the Mau Mau rebellion are also used to unite
Petals_of_Blood
American judge and Hawaii politician (1844–1926)
provisional government, republic, and territory. Dole advocated the westernization of Hawaiian government and culture. After the overthrow of the monarchy
Sanford_B._Dole
Stories, books, magazines, and poems primarily written for children
1694. Peter the Great's interest in modernizing his country through Westernization helped Western children's literature dominate the field through the
Children's_literature
U.S.-East Asian Historian
traditional narratives of westernization were Eurocentric and mistaken. As a result, in 2019, he published The Limits of Westernization: American and East Asian
Jon_Thares_Davidann
Epistemological framework
Data universalism is an epistemological framework that assumes a single universal narrative of any dataset without any consideration of geographical borders
Data_universalism
Ethnic group in the United States, pejorative term referring to an Oklahoman
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Okie
Entryway area in Japanese buildings
elevated-floor structures. It has continued to the present, even after the Westernization of the Japanese home, which began in the Meiji period (1868–1912). Engawa
Genkan
Afghan Islamist militant organization
command and control", both of which are standard today, even in non-Westernized states. The Taliban did not issue press releases or policy statements
Taliban
Historical fashion in Persia
Traditional Persian clothing is the historical costume of the Persian people, and of ancient Persia (Iran) before the 1930s Pahlavi dynasty. Historically
Persian_clothing
Card game
hands in order to become "president" in the following round. It is a Westernized version of Chinese climbing card games such as Zheng Shangyou, Tien Len
President_(card_game)
Ethnic slur used to refer to a Black person
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Kaffir_(racial_term)
Portable, round tent covered with skins or felt
A yurt (/jɜːrt/; from the Turkic languages) or ger (/ɡɛər/; from the Mongolic languages) is a portable, round tent covered and insulated with skins or
Yurt
Title for a district governor in Turkey, Northern Cyprus, Lebanon and the Ottoman Empire
imperial cabinet, or by the Shaykh al-Islam. The modernization and Westernization reforms instituted in the 19th century added new meanings to the term
Kaymakam
Group of scholars and writers in Chinese academia
Liberalism Socialism Communism New humanism Practice Westernization East-west cultural debate Total Westernization Democratization Simplification of Chinese characters
Doubting_Antiquity_School
English-language ethnic and sexual slur
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Squaw
Pejorative English abbreviation of "Japanese"
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Jap
Attraction between people of the same sex or gender
and Islamic values, but did not become fully established until the Westernization efforts of the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China. Early Russian
Homosexuality
considered a symbol of bunmei-kaika (civilization and enlightenment) and Westernization. However the culture of meat-eating, particularly in public and by non-eta
History of meat consumption in Japan
History_of_meat_consumption_in_Japan
Emperor of Russia from 1825 to 1855
Russian history, and the future of Russia.[citation needed] One group, the westernizers, believed that Russia remained backward and primitive and could progress
Nicholas_I_of_Russia
Islamic head covering for women
of the hijab in Egypt after a long period of decline as a result of westernization. Already in the mid-1970s some college aged Muslim men and women began
Hijab
Title character of Uncle Tom's Cabin
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Uncle_Tom
Imitation or depiction of Western culture
terms relating to Occidentalism and Westernization. In Arabic, al-Istighraab (Arabic: الاستغراب, lit. 'Westernization') is a contemporary psychological
Occidentalism
Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725
of a creator-god. Slavophiles in mid-19th century deplored Peter's westernization of Russia. Western writers and political analysts recounted "The Testimony"
Peter_the_Great
Overview of music traditions in Sikkim, India
Music of Sikkim ranges from traditional Nepali folk music to Westernized pop music. The ethnic communities, Lepcha, Limbu, Bhutia, Kiratis and Nepalis
Music_of_Sikkim
Japanese cuisine
It was only after the Meiji Restoration in 1868 and the subsequent westernization of the country that meat began to be widely eaten. Gyūdon is considered
Gyūdon
Indigenous Polynesian people of Hawaii
Russo, Carla Herreria (May 31, 2018). "Land, Loss And Love: The Toll Of Westernization On Native Hawaiians". HuffPost. Archived from the original on October
Native_Hawaiians
WESTERNIZATION
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WESTERNIZATION
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, English, Teutonic
Noble Protector; Noble Guardian
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Traditional
Brave and Divine in Knowledge
Boy/Male
Biblical, Dutch, Finnish, French, German
Destroying; Follower of Apollo
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
King of the Empire
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shwetika | à®·à¯à®µà¯‡à®¤à¯€à®•à®¾
White
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Celtic, Christian, English, French, Jamaican, Swedish, Welsh
Sea Lover; Form of Marvin; Friend of the Sea; Sea Friend; Sea Hill; Great; Marrow Eminent
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian
Princess
Boy/Male
Hindu
Ancient sage
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will uplift.
Male
English
Medieval form of English Ralph, RAFE means "wise wolf."
WESTERNIZATION
WESTERNIZATION
WESTERNIZATION
WESTERNIZATION
WESTERNIZATION