Search references for VON MISES. Phrases containing VON MISES
See searches and references containing VON MISES!VON MISES
Austrian–American political economist (1881–1973)
including the Foundation for Economic Education and the Ludwig von Mises Institute. Mises received many honors throughout the course of his lifetime—honorary
Ludwig_von_Mises
Economics think tank
The Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a nonprofit educational, research, and publishing institution for Austrian
Mises_Institute
Failure Theory in continuum mechanics
In continuum mechanics, the maximum distortion energy criterion (also von Mises yield criterion) states that yielding of a ductile material begins when
Von_Mises_yield_criterion
Probability distribution on the circle
In probability theory and directional statistics, the von Mises distribution (also known as the circular normal distribution or the Tikhonov distribution)
Von_Mises_distribution
Austrian physicist and mathematician (1883–1953)
– the "Mises-Flugzeug" (Mises aircraft) for the Austrian army. It was completed in 1916 but never saw active service. After the war, von Mises held the
Richard_von_Mises
Caucus of the U.S. Libertarian Party
bigotry or being plants of the Republican Party, which the Mises Caucus denies. The Mises Caucus has shifted the Libertarian Party further toward the
Mises_Caucus
Surname list
Ludwig von Mises, an Austrian-American economist of the Austrian School, older brother of Richard von Mises Mises Institute, or the Ludwig von Mises Institute
Von_Mises
School of economic thought
economies first developed by Ludwig von Mises with his 1920 essay "economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth". Mises subsequently discussed his idea
Austrian_school_of_economics
Results about asymptotic posterior normality
In Bayesian inference, the Bernstein–von Mises theorem provides the basis for using Bayesian credible sets for confidence statements in parametric models
Bernstein–von_Mises_theorem
Probability distribution on a hyper-sphere of arbitrary dimension
In directional statistics, the von Mises–Fisher distribution (named after Richard von Mises and Ronald Fisher), is a probability distribution on the (
Von_Mises–Fisher_distribution
American economist (1926–1995)
von Mises' deductive methodology for his social theory and economics, he parted with Mises on the question of ethics. Specifically, he rejected Mises'
Murray_Rothbard
Austrian economist and philosopher (1899–1992)
from an earlier debate that had been initiated by Mises. Hayek included Mises's essay in which Mises argued that rational planning was impossible under
Friedrich_Hayek
Austrian economist (1851–1914)
Reisman. https://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae5_3_4.pdf Archived 2012-02-12 at the Wayback Machine (2/8/2012). "Books / Digital Text". Mises Institute. Archived
Eugen_von_Böhm-Bawerk
Administrative system governing any large institution
positive development; however, by 1944 the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises opined in the context of his experience in the Nazi regime that the term
Bureaucracy
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
entry. Rüstow wrote that Hayek and Mises were relics of the liberalism that caused the Great Depression while Mises denounced the other faction, complaining
Neoliberalism
Subdiscipline of statistics
N-dimensional sphere (the von Mises–Fisher distribution) or the torus (the bivariate von Mises distribution). The matrix von Mises–Fisher distribution is
Directional_statistics
Probability distribution on a torus
In probability theory and statistics, the bivariate von Mises distribution is a probability distribution describing values on a torus. It may be thought
Bivariate von Mises distribution
Bivariate_von_Mises_distribution
Statistical test
In statistics the Cramér–von Mises criterion is a criterion used for judging the goodness of fit of a cumulative distribution function (CDF) F ∗ {\displaystyle
Cramér–von_Mises_criterion
from Mises's wife Margit von Mises, Henry Hazlitt, Lawrence Fertig and Nobel Economics laureate Friedrich Hayek. Through its publications, the Mises Institute
Libertarianism in the United States
Libertarianism_in_the_United_States
Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface
is the energy thickness. For steady two-dimensional boundary layers, von Mises introduced a transformation which takes x {\displaystyle x} and ψ {\displaystyle
Boundary_layer
Eigenvalue algorithm
λ v {\displaystyle Av=\lambda v} . The algorithm is also known as the Von Mises iteration. Power iteration is a very simple algorithm, but it may converge
Power_iteration
Non-reversible deformation of a solid material in response to applied forces
ISBN 0-19-850367-9. von Mises, Richard (1913). "Mechanik der festen Körper im plastisch-deformablen Zustand". Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften
Plasticity_(physics)
German-American anarcho-capitalist academic (born 1949)
Wayback Machine. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. pp. 33–37 "The Story of the Mises Institute". Ludwig von Mises Institute. 19 September 2018. Archived
Hans-Hermann_Hoppe
German preposition, nobiliary particle
other files under the rest of their names (e.g., the economist Ludwig von Mises would have been found under M in the phone book rather than V). In Austria
Von
Separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialise
Inequality, Primitivism and the Division of Labor." Mises Institute. Retrieved 2 July 2020. von Mises, Ludwig. "Human Society: The Division of Labor Archived
Division_of_labour
Type of probability distribution
The following sections show some relevant circular distributions. The von Mises distribution is a circular distribution which, like any other circular
Circular_distribution
Political ideology and economic theory
| Mises Institute". mises.org. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 19 May 2025. Kinsella, N. Stephan (2008). Against Intellectual Property (PDF). Ludwig Von Mises
Anarcho-capitalism
Worship of the state
The term was also used and popularized by Ludwig von Mises in his 1944 work Omnipotent Government. Mises defines statolatry as being literally worship of
Statolatry
Statistics named for Richard von Mises
V-statistics are a class of statistics named for Richard von Mises who developed their asymptotic distribution theory in a fundamental paper in 1947.
V-statistic
Yielding mechanism in polymers
1729277. Retrieved 2024-07-11. von Mises, R. (1913). Mechanik der festen Körper im plastisch-deformablen Zustand. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften
Crazing
Two-dimensional laminar boundary layer that forms on a semi-infinite plate
Iglisch obtained the complete numerical solution in 1944. If further von Mises transformation is introduced σ = 2 ξ , ψ − V x = U ν 2 V σ τ 2 , ϕ = 4
Blasius_boundary_layer
Austrian-British writer and historian (1921–2012)
German-Jewish background. Gitta Sereny's stepfather was the economist Ludwig von Mises. When she was thirteen, her train journey to a boarding school in the
Gitta_Sereny
Theory of human action
economics in the tradition of Ludwig von Mises relies heavily on praxeology in the development of its economic theories. Mises considered economics to be a sub-discipline
Praxeology
1962 book by Murray Rothbard
of Human Action by Ludwig von Mises, but became its own treatise after he realized original work was needed to flesh out Mises' ideas. According to Salerno
Man,_Economy,_and_State
Group of macroeconomic theories
with Murray Rothbard on Man, Economy, and State, Mises, and the Future of the Austrian School | Mises Institute". 7 March 2024. Archived from the original
Keynesian_economics
Family of stochastic processes
distribution satisfies prior conjugacy, posterior consistency, and the Bernstein–von Mises theorem. In this model, the posterior distribution is again a Dirichlet
Dirichlet_process
Method for fitting a statistical model to data
weighted by the increase in the estimate for that group. The Cramér–von Mises criterion uses the integral of the squared difference between the empirical
Minimum-distance_estimation
1957 novel by Ayn Rand
1971. p. 17. Branden 1984. von Mises, Ludwig. Letter dated January 23, 1958. Quoted in Hülsmann, Jörg Guido (2007). Mises: The Last Knight of Liberalism
Atlas_Shrugged
Critique of planned economies
of Ludwig von Mises, The Liberty Fund (2002) Richard M Ebeling ed. Mises L. E. 1944 Bureaucracy. Mises L. E. 1944 Omnipotent Government. Mises L. E. 1949
Economic_calculation_problem
Probability of shared birthdays
first publication of a version of the birthday problem was by Richard von Mises in 1939. Consider the event A that a group of k people does not have any
Birthday_problem
Thinking in terms of destiny or purpose
role in the work of economist Ludwig von Mises, especially in the development of his science of praxeology. Mises believed that an individual's action
Teleology
Geometric representation of material yield
Figure 4 shows the von Mises yield surface in two-dimensional space compared with Tresca–Guest criterion. A cross section of the von Mises cylinder on the
Yield_surface
Fictional country in central Europe
economist L. von Mises used “Ruritania” to discuss currency reform and other issues in economics, M. Rothbard – a former student of von Mises – similarly
Ruritania
German economist and academic
Ludwig von Mises Institute, a member of the scientific advisory board of the Ludwig von Mises Institute Germany, and a member of the Friedrich A. von Hayek
Philipp_Bagus
Irish-French economist and banker (c. 1680 – 1734)
AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. ISBN 978-0-415-07577-0. Finegold Catalán, Jonathan M. (4 June 2010). "A Primer on Austrian Economics". Mises Daily. Retrieved
Richard_Cantillon
Russian-American writer (1905–1982)
von Mises. Despite philosophical differences with them, Rand strongly endorsed the writings of both men, and they expressed admiration for her. Mises
Ayn_Rand
Political ideologies favouring social orders
Translated by Dingwall, James; Hoselitz, Bert F. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Heath, Joseph (1 May 2018). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford
Right-wing_politics
Austrian mathematician
Hilda Geiringer (28 September 1893 – 22 March 1973), also known as Hilda von Mises and Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer, was an Austrian mathematician. Geiringer
Hilda_Geiringer
would one day cease to exist included: The Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises argued in his 1922 book Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis
Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
Predictions_of_the_collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union
Discourse on the applicability of central planning without capital markets
historical debate was cast between the Austrian School represented by Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, who argued against the feasibility of socialism;
Socialist_calculation_debate
Austrian economist (1851–1926)
definition of Ludwig von Mises. The English edition of his 1927 book, Liberalismus, uses the term "neoliberalism" to translate what Mises called in German
Friedrich_von_Wieser
Core concept in libertarianism
accepted as a moral rule. These scholars include David D. Friedman, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich Hayek.[failed verification] Objectivism: Ayn Rand rejected
Non-aggression_principle
commonwealth". Mises developed his critique of socialism more completely in his 1922 book Socialism, An Economic and Sociological Analysis. Mises argued that
Criticism_of_socialism
Politician and philosopher (1894–1972)
professor of history in 1944. At the same university Professor Ludwig von Mises studied currency problems for Coudenhove-Kalergi's movement. On 22 July
Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi
American journalist and writer (1894–1993)
of free enterprise, he drew on the ideas of economists such as Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, helping popularize their theories for a general audience
Henry_Hazlitt
American author, activist and politician (born 1935)
Austrian School, such as Murray Rothbard, Friedrich Hayek, and Ludwig von Mises, during his political campaigns. He has cited President Grover Cleveland
Ron_Paul
Process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted, embodied, or realized
St. Augustine, Francis Bacon, Immanuel Kant, Søren Kierkegaard, Ludwig von Mises, Karl Marx, Antonio Gramsci, Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Jean-Paul
Praxis_(process)
British economist (1883–1946)
with Murray Rothbard on Man, Economy, and State, Mises, and the Future of the Austrian School | Mises Institute". 7 March 2024. Archived from the original
John_Maynard_Keynes
Economic theory
cycle theory originated in the work of Austrian School economists Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek. Hayek won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1974 (shared
Austrian business cycle theory
Austrian_business_cycle_theory
Retrieved April 11, 2011.[permanent dead link] "The Road to Serfdom | Mises Institute". mises.org. March 1, 1944. Retrieved September 1, 2024. Milton Friedman#Public
List_of_liberal_theorists
Facility where goods are industrially made, or processed
machines presupposes social cooperation and the division of labour — von Mises The first machine is stated by one source to have been traps used to assist
Factory
Application of econometrics and other formal methods to the study of history
Austrian school of economics, defending instead the methods of Ludwig von Mises. In his Introduction to Murray N. Rothbard's A History of Money and Banking
Cliometrics
Disinclination to activity or exertion
trying to do its part to give its customers more leisure time." Ludwig von Mises writes, "The expenditure of labor is deemed painful. Not to work is considered
Laziness
Theories about the phenomenon of fascism
policy Racial policy Classical liberal economist and philosopher Ludwig von Mises, in his 1927 book Liberalism, argued that fascism was a nationalist and
Definitions_of_fascism
Group making loans to developing countries
Survival International, and academics, including Henry Hazlitt, Ludwig Von Mises, and Joseph Stiglitz, former Chief Economist for the World Bank. Stiglitz
World_Bank_Group
Binary sequence
Martin-Löf random (binary) sequences is denoted by RAND or MLR. Richard von Mises formalized the notion of a test for randomness in order to define a random
Algorithmically random sequence
Algorithmically_random_sequence
Belief that different groups have different ways of reasoning
Ludwig von Mises to describe and criticize theories that treat human logic as relative to one's social, biological, or historical background. Mises identified
Polylogism
Worldwide economic depression (1929–1939)
2016. Mises, Ludwig (18 August 2014). "The Causes of the Economic Crisis, and Other Essays Before and After the Great Depression". Ludwig von Mises Institute
Great_Depression
American economist
Papers" of Ludwig von Mises". Laissez-Faire. 6 (March): 50–53. Archived from the original on 2024-09-24. Retrieved 2021-10-16. Mises, Ludwig von (2000). Ebeling
Richard_Ebeling
Political philosophy
Libertarian Studies and co-founder of the Mises Institute in 1982, including the founding in 1987 of the Mises Institute's Review of Austrian Economics
Right-libertarianism
American economist (born 1960)
the Ludwig von Mises Institute, where he is book review editor for its Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. As a writer for the Mises Institute, he
Mark_Thornton
Unrecognized micronation in Europe
a micronation. Jedlička was inspired by the classical liberal Ludwig von Mises and objectivist Ayn Rand: he envisioned a political system characterized
Liberland
Austrian Economists. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. ISBN 0945466048. The Austrian Economists by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk 1891 Society for the Development
List of Austrian-school economists
List_of_Austrian-school_economists
American economist and statistician (1912–2006)
Nobel laureates List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Ludwig von Mises Monetary/fiscal debate Patri Friedman "We are all Keynesians now" Among
Milton_Friedman
Political philosophy
World". Mises.org. Ludwig von Mises Institute. 1 December 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2019. von Mises, Ludwig
Marxism
of element 109 * meitnerium Richard von Mises (1883–1953), physicist (younger brother of Ludwig von Mises) John von Neumann (1903–1957), mathematician
List_of_Austrians
Derogatory term in political jargon
Austrian-American economist Ludwig von Mises wrote that the term useful innocents was used by communists for those whom von Mises describes as "confused and misguided
Useful_idiot
Austrian noble and political theorist (1909–1999)
great friend and supporter." He was an adjunct scholar of the Ludwig von Mises Institute. For much of his life, Kuehnelt was also a painter; he illustrated
Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn
Statistical test
(1915–2014), who invented it in 1952. The Anderson–Darling and Cramér–von Mises statistics belong to the class of quadratic EDF statistics (tests based
Anderson–Darling_test
Sequence of random variables
mathematicians to formally address randomness in 1909. In 1919 Richard von Mises gave the first definition of algorithmic randomness, which was inspired
Random_sequence
Ownership or control of an economy by a government
The explanation why was given by the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises, who argued: The socialist movement takes great pains to circulate frequently
State_capitalism
Monetary system based on the value of gold
original on 2014-09-15. Retrieved 2014-09-15. "Gold as Money: FAQ". Mises.org. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved
Gold_standard
British academic
works. He has written for the online magazine Quillette and the Ludwig von Mises Institute, and has spoken at the think tank Traditional Britain. Parvini
Neema_Parvini
Platforms for betting on events
in Society" and Ludwig von Mises in his "Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth". Modern economists agree that Mises' argument, combined with
Prediction_market
British economist
Milton Friedman: A Guide to his Economic Thought; Ludwig von Mises: A Primer; Ludwig von Mises: Fountainhead of the Modern Microeconomics Revolution. Additionally
Eamonn_Butler
Concept in modern economics
1871 Paul Samuelson, Economics, 1948 Ludwig von Mises (2009), Human Action: Scholar's Edition, Ludwig von Mises Institute Friedman's Introduction to I, Pencil
Invisible_hand
Book by Ludwig von Mises (1949)
is a work by the Austrian economist and philosopher Ludwig von Mises. Widely considered Mises' magnum opus, it presents the case for laissez-faire capitalism
Human_Action
Term for an unrealistically idealistic state of mind
results in the communist states in his foreword to a 1920 essay by Ludwig von Mises: "Today, the disastrous consequences of enforcing the utopia on the unfortunate
Cloud_cuckoo_land
American libertarian philosopher and intellectual historian (born 1948)
Rothbard and Austrian economics. He is a senior fellow of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, a libertarian think tank. Gordon received a PhD in history
David_Gordon_(philosopher)
Government with minimal intervention
involved state, or a state with a larger sphere of responsibility. Ludwig von Mises later opined that Lassalle tried to make limited government look ridiculous
Night-watchman_state
1932 dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley
against Utopia than against Victoria. Similarly, in 1944 economist Ludwig von Mises described Brave New World as a satire of utopian predictions of socialism:
Brave_New_World
Property owned by non-governmental legal entities
classical and economic liberalism. Libertarian economists such as Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek emphasized the role of private property as a foundational
Private_property
1973 book by Murray Rothbard
core content fails to make a clear case for freedom. In 2006 the Ludwig von Mises Institute released a new hardbound edition, with a new introduction by
For_a_New_Liberty
American businessman and philanthropist (born 1935)
Market-Based Management." In particular, he expresses admiration for Ludwig von Mises' book Human Action, as well as the writings of Friedrich Hayek. Koch said
Charles_Koch
Central banking system of the US
to the gold standard. Advocates of Austrian economics, such as Ludwig von Mises and Murray Rothbard, believe that the move to fiat currency destabilized
Federal_Reserve
Economic system that prioritizes accumulation of money and securities over production
edition. (Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006, ISBN 9781610165907), p. 426. In own words of the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises, "A stock market
Finance_capitalism
Lieben von Löwenthal von Katzellenbourg von Königswarter von Mises Ludwig von Mises, economist Richard von Mises von Motesiczky de Morpurgo Ofenheim von Ponteuxin
List of European Jewish nobility
List_of_European_Jewish_nobility
Political ideology
Wayback Machine, Ludwig von Mises Institute, p. 187. ISBN 978-1-933550-13-8. "Complete Libertarian Forum (1969-1984)". mises.org. 2010-01-22. Volume I
Autarchism
American economist (1905–1973)
'Baldy' Harper, RIP". Mises Daily. Hülsmann, Jörg Guido (September 28, 2007). "Birth of a Movement". Mises Daily. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Archived from
F._A._Harper
American initiative for foreign aid to Western Europe following World War II
Triumph and Tragedy. Forum. ISBN 0761507183. Von Mises, Ludwig (2006). "Profit and loss". Ludwig von Mises Institute. Vyshinsky, Andrei (September 1947)
Marshall_Plan
VON MISES
VON MISES
Male
Hebrew
(רï‹×Ÿ) Hebrew unisex name RON means "joy, song." Compare with another form of Ron.
Male
Norwegian
Danish and Norwegian form of Old Norse Hákon, HÅKON means "high son."
Male
English
Short form of English Vincent, VIN means "conquering."
Female
English
(רï‹×Ÿ) Hebrew unisex name RON means "joy, song." Compare with strictly masculine Ron.
Surname or Lastname
Romanian
Romanian : from the personal name Ion (see John).English : probably a variant of John.
Male
French
French form of German Yvo, YVON means "yew tree." Yves shares the same etymology.
Male
English
 Short form of English/Scottish Ronald, RON means "wise ruler." Compare with another form of Ron.
Boy/Male
Dutch American
Equivalent of 'de' in French names. Van was sometimes converted from a surname prefix to a given...
Boy/Male
American, Australian
Little Son
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Icelandic Jóhann, JON means "God is gracious." Compare with other forms of Jon.
Boy/Male
German American
The prefex 'Von' is equivalent of 'Van' in Dutch names and of 'de' in French names.
Boy/Male
Greek
Son of Apollo.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German
Nobility
Male
English
Short form of English Donald, DON means "world ruler."
Male
French
Variant spelling of French Yvon, IVON means "yew tree." Used in Germany and infrequently by the English.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : see Fosse.Dutch (de Vos) : nickname for someone with red hair, from vos ‘fox’.North German : variant of Voss.
Male
English
 Pet form of English Jonathan, JON means "God has given." Compare with other forms of Jon.
Male
English
 Short form of English Vance, VAN means "lives by a fen/marsh."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly a habitational name from a settlement on one of the rivers or small streams called Avon or Aven. These river names derive from the Celtic word for ‘river’, as reflected in Welsh afon and Gaelic abhainn. The modern surname is concentrated in Somerset and Wiltshire, England, suggesting it is associated chiefly with the Avon river that rises on the Gloucester-Wiltshire border and flows through Wiltshire and Somerset into the Severn.
Male
English
 English short form of Spanish Alonso, LON means "noble and ready." Compare with another form of Lon.
VON MISES
VON MISES
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Scandinavian, Scottish
Form of Roland; Famed Throughout the Land; Nobleman; Leader; Famous Wolf; Wolf Fame; Renowned in the Land; Earl
Boy/Male
German
Bright angel.
Boy/Male
British, English
Young
Boy/Male
Afghan, Australian
Cast-protector
Girl/Female
Danish, Dutch, German, Latin
War-like; Female Version of Martin; Follower of Christ
Female
English
English pet form of Latin Laura, LAUREEN means "laurel."
Male
English
English name derived from Latin Prosperus, PROSPER means "fortunate, successful."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Laxmi
Biblical
their strength
Girl/Female
Indian
Part of Heart
VON MISES
VON MISES
VON MISES
VON MISES
VON MISES
prep.
In reference or relation to; as, on our part expect punctuality; a satire on society.
n.
Jesus Christ, the Savior; -- called the Son of God, and the Son of man.
prep.
In addition to; besides; -- indicating multiplication or succession in a series; as, heaps on heaps; mischief on mischief; loss on loss; thought on thought.
v. t.
To wash or cleanse, as a small portion of ore, on a shovel.
n.
One bound by the same vow as another.
n.
Specifically, a promise of fidelity; a pledge of love or affection; as, the marriage vow.
n.
The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton.
n.
A solemn promise made to God, or to some deity; an act by which one consecrates or devotes himself, absolutely or conditionally, wholly or in part, for a longer or shorter time, to some act, service, or condition; a devotion of one's possessions; as, a baptismal vow; a vow of poverty.
v. i.
To make a vow, or solemn promise.
prep.
In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on, take your ease; say on; sing on.
adv.
Against the affirmative side; in opposition; on the negative side; -- The antithesis of pro, and usually in connection with it. See Pro.
v. t.
To put on; to dress in; to invest one's self with.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Non-pros
prep.
Forward, in progression; onward; -- usually with a verb of motion; as, move on; go on.
v. t.
To know. See Can, and Con.
prep.
Forward, in succession; as, from father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on.