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Maximum rate of oxygen consumption as measured during incremental exercise
V̇O2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during
VO2_max
Topics referred to by the same term
VO2 may refer to: Vanadium(IV) oxide. a chemical compound VO2 max, the maximum rate of oxygen consumption as measured during incremental exercise This
VO2
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
VO2+ may refer to: Vanadyl (VO2+) Pervanadyl (VO+2) This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular formula.
VO2+
Aerobic capacity test
test, is a running test used to estimate an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max). The test requires participants to run 20 meters back and forth across
Multi-stage_fitness_test
English football club
club's equity value, gives VO2 Capital the option to acquire a majority stake in the future. As part of the agreement, VO2 Capital's founder and CEO,
Wakefield_A.F.C.
Exercise strategy
HRmax, while "supramaximal" means a pace that exceeds what would elicit VO2 peak. SIT regimens generally include a lower volume of total exercise compared
High-intensity interval training
High-intensity_interval_training
Chemical compound
Vanadium(IV) oxide or vanadium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula VO2. It is a dark blue solid. Vanadium(IV) dioxide is amphoteric, dissolving
Vanadium(IV)_oxide
Medical measurement
The arteriovenous oxygen difference, or a-vO2 diff, is the difference in the oxygen content of the blood between the arterial blood and the venous blood
Arteriovenous oxygen difference
Arteriovenous_oxygen_difference
Concept in kinesiology
(expiratory ventilation) starts to increase at an exponentially greater rate than VO2 (breath-by-breath volume of oxygen (O2)). VT1 is thought to reflect a person's
Ventilatory_threshold
Chemical element with atomic number 23 (V)
preferential formation of the octahedral [VO2(H2O)4]+ species. In strongly acidic solutions, pH < 2, [VO2(H2O)4]+ is the predominant species, while the
Vanadium
American physician
distance run in 12 minutes, it correlated well with the existing concept of VO2 max. Cooper left the Air Force in 1970, when he and his wife, Millie, moved
Kenneth_H._Cooper
Type of chemical compound
Vanadium(IV) compounds often exist as vanadyl derivatives, which contain the VO2+ center. Ammonium vanadate(V) (NH4VO3) can be successively reduced with elemental
Vanadium_compounds
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
between V2O5 and VO2. Examples of these phases include V3O7, V4O9 and V6O13. Phases with the general formula VnO2n−1 exist between VO2 and V2O3. Called
Vanadium_oxide
Long-distance running event of 42.195 kilometres
individually according to factors such as body weight, sex, climate, pace, fitness (VO2 max), and sweat rate, as fluid requirements can vary between people depending
Marathon
Speed of the heartbeat, measured in beats per minute
recommendations to VO2 data, but later studies identified a connection. The percentage of heart rate reserve is strongly correlated with the percentage of VO2 max and
Heart_rate
Norwegian triathlete (born 1994)
triathlon, in a time of 6:44:25. In late January 2026, he achieved the highest V̇O2 max ever tested with 101.1 mL/(kg·min). Blummenfelt is the world record holder
Kristian_Blummenfelt
Submaximal performance testing is a way of estimating either VO2 max or "aerobic fitness" in sports medicine. The test protocols do not reach the maximum
Submaximal performance testing
Submaximal_performance_testing
original source, it says: Metabolic rate (kcal per day) = 1.440 (3.9 VO2 + 1.1 VCO2) where VO2 is oxygen consumption in litres per minute and VCO2 is the rate
Weir_formula
Precursor to vanadium alloys and industrial catalyst
occurs to give vanadium(IV) oxide, as a deep-blue solid: V2O5 + V2O3 → 4 VO2 The reduction can also be effected by oxalic acid, carbon monoxide, and sulfur
Vanadium(V)_oxide
Physical fitness test
many tables that exist for the test: The results can be correlated with VO2 max by inverting the linear regression values presented in the original publication
Cooper_test
Medical term
published an official scientific statement advocating that CRF, quantifiable as V̇O2 max/peak, be categorized as a clinical vital sign and should be routinely
Cardiorespiratory_fitness
Physical activity that improves health
weak evidence that high-intensity interval training may improve a person's VO2 max slightly more than lower intensity endurance training. However, unscientific
Exercise
Chemical compound
vanadyl, are occasionally represented with abbreviated formula such as VO2+. VO2+ is in fact an aquo complex [VO(H2O)5]2+. Similarly uranyl (UO2+2) refers
Oxide
Medical diagnostic method
The Åstrand test is a method to estimate VO2 max (the maximum rate at which an individual can consume oxygen during exercise), an indicator of cardiovascular
Åstrand_test
Test assigned by clinicians to test cardiopulmonary function
1920s when scientists first recognized that measuring oxygen consumption (VO2) during exercise could serve as an indicator of cardiopulmonary function
Cardiopulmonary_exercise_test
Method for improving the oxidative capacity of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles
Aerobic conditioning is the use of continuous, rhythmic movement of large muscle groups to strengthen the heart and lungs (cardiovascular system), as well
Aerobic_conditioning
American runner (born 1948)
the attention of medical researchers, who found that she had the highest VO2 max for a woman 75 or above ever recorded. Rice was born on April 14, 1948
Jeannie_Rice
Fitness performance estimate
Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results" VO2 max, or milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body mass per minute (e.g.
Yo-Yo_intermittent_test
Ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body
Calculation of RER is commonly done in conjunction with exercise tests such as the VO2 max test. This can be used as an indicator that the participants are nearing
Respiratory_quotient
Facial mask that limits the intake of air during breathing
harder. There is some evidence that they may improve endurance capacity (VO2 max) and power output, but research into their benefits has so far generally
Training_masks
Amount of energy expended when exercising
represents. The most precise measure of intensity is oxygen consumption (VO2). VO2 represents the overall metabolic challenge that an exercise imposes. There
Exercise_intensity
Annual event of the National Hockey League
noting variation by player position and the specific usefulness of the VO2 max test and the Wingate test. In 1994, the NHL Central Scouting Bureau held
NHL_draft_combine
Concept in exercise physiology
biomechanical and neuromuscular efficiency during running. Oxygen consumption (VO2) is the most commonly used method for measuring running economy, as the exchange
Running_economy
Chemical compound
organic solvents. The coordination complex consists of the vanadyl group, VO2+, bound to two acac– ligands via the two oxygen atoms on each. Like other
Vanadyl_acetylacetonate
Study of human body movement
including an increase in stroke volume (SV) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max), as well as a decrease in resting heart rate (RHR). Long-term adaptations
Kinesiology
State of health and well-being
lifting weights and yoga. Cardiorespiratory fitness can be measured using VO2 max, a measure of the amount of oxygen the body can uptake and utilize. Aerobic
Physical_fitness
Polyatomic ion in chemistry
The vanadyl ion is an oxovanadium cation, either VO2+ (called oxovanadium(IV)) or VO3+ (called oxovanadium(V)). They are functional groups that are common
Vanadyl_ion
Ceramic materials that are optically transparent
vanadium oxide. The various crystalline forms of vanadium oxide include both VO2 and V2O5. Deposition at high temperatures and performing post-annealing allows
Transparent_ceramics
Heart-related component of physical fitness
more correctly cardiopulmonary) fitness is maximal oxygen consumption (i.e. VO2 max). Cardiovascular fitness is improved by sustained physical activity (see
Cardiovascular_fitness
Apple Watch operating system
These include: heart rate maximal aerobic capacity, otherwise known as VO2 max. (added in watchOS 4, enhanced in watchOS 7) electrocardiogram, otherwise
WatchOS
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
balance- and task-specific training have been found to improve strength, VO2 max and balance. While flexibility training is commonly used, it has a lower
Parkinson's_disease
Chemical compound
laboratory, reflecting its high stability. It features the vanadyl ion, VO2+, which has been called the "most stable diatomic ion". Vanadyl sulfate is
Vanadyl_sulfate
French triathlete (born 1997)
rancais-20-06-2014-3937385.php. Retrieved 22 August 2014. See http://www.vo2.fr/actualite/cross-cassandra-beaugrand-2eme-titre-chez-les-cadettes-au-f
Cassandre_Beaugrand
Chemical property of reacting with either an acid or base
2H2O <=> Na4[Sn(OH)8]}}} Vanadium dioxide (VO2): VO 2 + 2 HCl acid ⟶ VOCl 2 + H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {VO2 + {\overset {acid}{2 HCl}}-> VOCl2 + H2O}}}
Amphoterism
Metabolism in resting mammals
and bioenergetics, where measurements of the rates of oxygen consumption (VO2) and the generation of waste products such as carbon dioxide, metabolic water
Resting_metabolic_rate
Family of fruit bats
several adaptations for flight, including rapid rates of oxygen consumption (VO2), the ability to sustain heart rates of more than 700 beats per minute, and
Megabat
Chemical compound
aminopolycarboxylate ligand, or with tridentate Schiff base ligands. The VO+2/VO2+ redox couple is used at the cathode of the vanadium redox battery. The standard
Pervanadyl
2023 book by Peter Attia
longevity. He also stresses the significance of knowing and improving one's VO2 max, an indicator of cardiovascular fitness, to optimize one's healthspan
Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity
Outlive:_The_Science_and_Art_of_Longevity
Boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream
higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and endurance. Blood doping can be achieved by making the body produce
Blood_doping
Measure used to describe relative energy expenditure
Wheelchair Users. Anthropogenic metabolism Basal metabolic rate Calorimetry VO2 max vVO2max Ainsworth et al. 2011. "Compendium of Physical Activities". pacompendium
Metabolic_equivalent_of_task
Estimation of metabolic rates by measuring heat production
determining rates of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) of individual animals, either in a closed or an open-circuit respirometry
Respirometry
Type of training exercise
training employing four sets of four-minute intervals has been shown to improve VO2 max to a greater extent than isocaloric moderate continuous training, as
Interval_training
Locomotion speed of animals and humans
walking speed. Aging is associated with reduced aerobic capacity (reduced VO2 max). Malatesta et al. (2004) suggests that walking speed in elderly individuals
Preferred_walking_speed
American exercise physiologist and coach (1933–2025)
"central governor" rather than a limiting cardiorespiratory function (i.e. VO2 max). Noakes challenges the explanatory power of Daniels' training model
Jack_Daniels_(coach)
Failure of the heart to provide sufficient blood flow
exercise. The peak oxygen consumption (VO2 max) is used as an indicator of prognosis. As a general rule, a VO2 max less than 12–14 cc/kg/min indicates
Heart_failure
Biochemical measurement during exercise
This is the minimum speed for which the organism's maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is reached, after a few minutes of constantly maintaining this exercise
VVO2max
Central nervous system stimulant
maximum heart rates, and time to exhaustion during maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) testing after administration of 15 mg of dextroamphetamine versus placebo
Amphetamine
oxygen levels, blood pressure, heart rate variability, respiration rate, VO2 and other parameters for health and fitness assessment. The technology can
Valencell
Chemical compound
pervanadyl perchlorate, also known as dioxovanadium perchlorate, which contains VO2+ ions, vanadyl diperchlorate, oxovanadium perchlorate or vanadium(IV) perchlorate
Vanadyl_perchlorate
Colombian cyclist
Giocattoli–Sidermec team on a four-year contract, partly on the evidence of a VO2 max reading of 88.8ml/kg/min provided by his agent, Paolo Alberati. He began
Egan_Bernal
1986 Palomar E. F. Helin PAL 6.7 km (4.2 mi) MPC · JPL 4970 Druyan 1988 VO2 Druyan November 12, 1988 Palomar E. F. Helin · 8.1 km (5.0 mi) MPC · JPL
List of minor planets: 4001–5000
List_of_minor_planets:_4001–5000
Asteroid Survey, and a discoverer of minor planets MPC · 4969 4970 Druyan 1988 VO2 Ann Druyan (born 1949), American author and producer, wife of Carl Sagan
Meanings of minor-planet names: 4001–5000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_4001–5000
Ballroom dancing as a sport
body fat percentage, fat free mass and the resting/maximal heart rate and VO2 values), the couples danced a five-dance final, given a 15 to 20 second break
Dancesport
Sudden fatigue during endurance sports
intensity of the exercise. During intense exercise that approaches one's VO2 max, most of the energy comes from glycogen. A typical untrained individual
Hitting_the_wall
Medical condition
cardiovascular drift during periods of sustained exercise, but maintains VO2 max levels. Vascular function and blood pressure can be negatively affected
Cardiovascular_drift
Norwegian cross-country skier (born 1967)
male cross-country skier in history. During his career, Dæhlie measured a VO2 max of 96 ml/kg/min. Dæhlie's result was achieved out of season, and physiologist
Bjørn_Dæhlie
Japanese astronomer
Labeyrie 1 November 1978 8986 Kineyayasuyo 1 November 1978 11258 Aoyama 1 November 1978 (32738) 1978 VT1 1 November 1978 (69234) 1978 VO2 1 November 1978
Kōichirō_Tomita
Medical test of heart capacity
common in sport science for measuring athletes' maximal oxygen consumption, V̇O2 max. In 2016, the American Heart Association published an official scientific
Cardiac_stress_test
Non-commercial use of the radio spectrum
VY1 for the Yukon; VY2 for Prince Edward Island; VO1 for Newfoundland; and VO2 for Labrador. CY is for amateurs operating from Sable Island (CY0) or St
Amateur_radio
Multipurpose indoor arena in Buffalo, New York
the NHL Scouting Combine has grown and evolved: From hotel ballrooms to VO2-max tests". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2026. Kimelman
KeyBank_Center
National Training Center 1991, p. 178. : Equipment of the Iraqi Army 1958–2003 [Special Report Vol.1] : Iraqi Army equipment 1930–2017 [Special Report Vo2.]
List of former equipment of the Iraqi Ground Forces
List_of_former_equipment_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces
+1 km (0.62 mi) · PHA 1.1 km (0.68 mi) MPC · JPL 7483 Sekitakakazu 1994 VO2 Sekitakakazu November 1, 1994 Kitami K. Endate, K. Watanabe · 18 km (11 mi)
List of minor planets: 7001–8000
List_of_minor_planets:_7001–8000
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
cortisol levels through activation of the HPA axis by cytokines. Intense (high VO2 max) or prolonged aerobic exercise transiently increases cortisol levels
Cortisol
Marathon running time barrier
of Exeter suggested three primary physiological factors in 2020: a high VO2 max, excellent running economy, and a high lactate turn point. The first
Two-hour_marathon
Middle-distance running event
mental capabilities. With more high school runners doing this event, their VO2 max and overall mood benefit. The 1600-meter races help runners have a lower
1600_meters
American racing cyclist
documentary, Off Road to Athens. In 2008, he appeared as himself in the film Max VO2: the Potential Inside. He resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Pan American
Jeremiah_Bishop
VU — November 1, 1999 Socorro LINEAR APO +1km 2.9 km MPC · JPL 17183 1999 VO2 — November 5, 1999 Catalina CSS · 10 km MPC · JPL 17184 Carlrogers 1999
List of minor planets: 17001–18000
List_of_minor_planets:_17001–18000
Central nervous system stimulant prodrug
maximum heart rates, and time to exhaustion during maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) testing after administration of 15 mg of dextroamphetamine versus placebo
Lisdexamfetamine
Biological process of getting older
PMID 18299960. S2CID 8576449. Betik AC, Hepple RT (February 2008). "Determinants of VO2 max decline with aging: an integrated perspective". Applied Physiology, Nutrition
Ageing
Chemical compound
vanadium(III) complexes. Upon exposure to air it gradually converts into indigo-blue VO2. It occurs as the rare mineral karelianite. V2O3 has the corundum structure
Vanadium(III)_oxide
Substance used to improve any form of activity performance in humans
maximum heart rates, and time to exhaustion during maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) testing after administration of 15 mg of dextroamphetamine versus placebo
Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing_substance
Oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide
structure is adopted by not only TiO2, but also by GeO2, RuO2, SnO2, MnO2, VO2, IrO2, and CrO2. ZrO2 and HfO2 adopt another classical structural motif,
Rutile
Type of physical exercise
patients were introduced power walking based on their ejection fraction, VO2 max calculation, heart rate monitoring and pedometer counts. Those participants
Power_walking
Class of chemical compounds
Krishna Rao (1984). "Absorption spectrum of VO 2 + {\displaystyle {\ce {VO2+}}} ion doped in caesium cadmium sulphate hexahydrate single crystal". Solid
Tutton's_salt
Coordination complex of vanadium
around pH 2, redissolving to form a light yellow solution containing the [VO2(H2O)4]+ ion. The number and identity of the oxyanions that exist between
Vanadate
Materials with electrical properties that cannot be explained by non-interacting entities
needed] technologies. Other phenomena like the metal-insulator transition in VO2 have been explored as a means to make smart windows to reduce the heating/cooling
Strongly_correlated_material
City in West Yorkshire, England
Hallamshire County Senior Football League, in 2021 the club was bought by VO2 capital. Playing at Barnsley and Featherstone, the club had not played in
Wakefield
Genre of music-themed action video game
terms of a sufficiently intense heart rate, but not the minimum levels of VO2 max. Based on successful preliminary studies, West Virginia, which has one
Rhythm_game
Chemical compound
V2S3 Organovanadium(III) compounds V(C9H11)3 V(C5H7O2)3 Vanadium(IV) VC VO2 VS2 V(S2)2 VCl4 VF4 Organovanadium(IV) compounds VO(C5H7O2)2 Vanadyl(IV)
Vanadyl_nitrate
— February 27, 2012 Haleakala Pan-STARRS 1 H 450 m MPC · JPL 756250 2018 VO2 — March 18, 2017 Haleakala Pan-STARRS 1 H 510 m MPC · JPL 756251 2018 VW2
List of minor planets: 756001–757000
List_of_minor_planets:_756001–757000
Use of banned drugs by athletes
blood cells, which leads to more oxygenated blood, and a higher VO2 max. An athlete's VO2 max is highly correlated with success within endurance sports
Doping_in_sport
Study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology, and behavior
as determined by oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption VO2 and maximum oxygen consumption VO2 max. Oxygen consumption in species that differ in body size
Allometry
Test of physical fitness and cardiac health
206.9 - (0.67 x age) which can also be used to more accurately determine VO2 Max, but may produce significantly different results.[citation needed] A
Bruce_protocol
Non-coding region of the mitochondrial DNA
compared their haplotype with the increase in VO2 max after an eight-week training program. An increase in VO2 max suggests that the subjects' bodies were
MtDNA_control_region
Italian cyclist (born 2007)
Slovenia, winning the girls' road race. That year, she signed for Bft Burzoni VO2 Team Pink Junior Women's team. At the 2024 UCI Junior Track Cycling World
Linda_Sanarini
Calcium vanadium phyllosilicate mineral
Ca(VO)Si4O10·4H2O. Its characteristic blue color is due to the presence of the vanadyl (VO2+) cation in its crystal lattice. The oxidation state of vanadium in the vanadyl
Pentagonite
Cycling method
One study found that both positions have equal time to exhaustion at 86 V̇O2 max, while standing up had higher time to exhaustion above 94 percent V̇O₂
Standing_cycling
Ability of the brain to continuously change
nucleus, and nucleus accumbens. Higher physical fitness scores (measured by VO2 max) are associated with better executive function, faster processing speed
Neuroplasticity
British cyclist (born 1985)
for 20–40 minutes (threshold power), level of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and his peak power. Froome's peak power was measured at 525 W; his peak
Chris_Froome
14, 1942 Turku M. Väisälä · 6.7 km (4.2 mi) MPC · JPL 2438 Oleshko 1975 VO2 Oleshko November 2, 1975 Nauchnij T. M. Smirnova · 7.2 km (4.5 mi) MPC ·
List of minor planets: 2001–3000
List_of_minor_planets:_2001–3000
VO2
VO2
VO2
VO2
Male
English
English form of Latin Urbane, URBAN means "of the city."
Biblical
Hoshea, savior; safety
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Indian, Italian, Malayalam
Define
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of English Molly, MALLAIDH means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Boone.
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Australian, French, German
Father (Pahlavi); Master
Boy/Male
Hebrew American
Attractive; handsome; pleasure given. Adin was a biblical exile who returned to Israel from Babylon.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Girl/Female
Australian, Hebrew
Pearl
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Muslim
One who is Blessed with Piety from the Cradle to the Grave
VO2
VO2
VO2
VO2
VO2