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Historical region in Central Asia
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi
Turkestan
Topics referred to by the same term
Russian Turkestan, a region in Russia Chinese Turkestan or East Turkestan, a region in China Afghan Turkestan, a region in Afghanistan Turkestan Province
Turkestan_(disambiguation)
Loosely defined region in Central Asia
East Turkestan or East Turkistan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان, ULY: Sherqiy Türkistan, UKY: Шәрқий Туркистан) is a loosely defined geographical region in
East_Turkestan
1867–1918 Governorate-General of the Russian Empire
Russian Turkestan was the vast region of Central Asia governed by the Russian Empire, often described by historians as a colonial possession. It was formally
Russian_Turkestan
Red Army front during the Russian Civil War
The Turkestan Front (Russian: Туркестанский фронт) was a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed on the territory of Turkestan
Turkestan_Front
Species of cockroach
(also Shelfordella lateralis, Blatta lateralis), commonly known as the Turkestan cockroach, red runner cockroach, or rusty red cockroach, is a primarily
Turkestan_cockroach
Former state in Central Asia
The Turkestan Autonomy or Kokand Autonomy was a short-lived polity in Central Asia that existed from November 27, 1917, to February 22, 1918. The Autonomy
Turkestan_Autonomy
1918–1923 autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR
The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR; Russian: Туркестанская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика, romanized: Turkestanskaya
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
have been used to represent the cultural and geographical region of East Turkestan in Central Asia, particularly by states that broke away from China during
Flag_of_East_Turkestan
German military unit in World War II
The Turkestan Legion (German: Turkistanische Legion) was the name of the military units composed of Turkic peoples who served in the Wehrmacht during
Turkestan_Legion
Topics referred to by the same term
East Turkestan Republic or East Turkistan Republic (ETR) may refer to the: First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934), Islamic republic centered around
East_Turkestan_Republic
1944–1946 breakaway state in China
The East Turkestan Republic (ETR) was a breakaway state that existed from 1944 to 1946, encompassing the three northernmost districts of Xinjiang Province
Second East Turkestan Republic
Second_East_Turkestan_Republic
1933–1934 breakaway state in China
The Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (TIRET) was a breakaway state centered on the city of Kashgar, located in the far west of China's Xinjiang
First_East_Turkestan_Republic
City in Turkistan Region, Kazakhstan
Turkistan (Kazakh: Түркістан / Türkıstan [tʉrkɘ̆sˈtɑn]) is a city and the administrative center of Turkistan Region of Kazakhstan, near the Syr Darya
Turkistan_(city)
Autonomous region of China
English-language reference works call the area Chinese Turkestan, Chinese Turkistan, East Turkestan or East Turkistan. With a documented history of at least
Xinjiang
Historical region in Central Asia
Chinese Turkestan or Chinese Turkistan, is a geographical term or historical region corresponding to the region of the Tarim Basin in Southern Xinjiang
Chinese_Turkestan
Proposed territory of Nazi Germany
Reichskommissariat Turkestan or Turkistan (RKT; lit. 'Reich Commissariat of Turkestan') was a projected Reichskommissariat (administrative entity) that
Reichskommissariat_Turkestan
Region in northern Afghanistan
Afghan Turkestan is a region in northern Afghanistan, on the border with the countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. In the 19th century
Afghan_Turkestan
Paintings by Vasily Vereshchagin
Vereshchagin's Turkestan Series is a collection of paintings produced by Russian artist Vasily Vereshchagin in the 19th century. The works are in the
Turkestan_Series
1916–1934 Central Asian uprising
that seized control of large parts of the Fergana Valley and much of Turkestan. The movement's goal was to defend the customary local way of life, which
Basmachi_movement
Turkestan Album (Turkestanskii Al’bom or Tуркестанский альбом) is a unique publication dedicated to the history, ethnography, geography, economy and culture
Turkestan_Album
Emblem of East Turkestan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان دۆلەت گېربى) was adopted on 12 November 1933, when the Islamic Republic of East Turkestan declared independence
Emblem_of_East_Turkestan
Turkic ethnic group
the creation of the First East Turkestan Republic, officially known as the Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan. Uyghurs joined with Uzbeks, Kazakhs
Uyghurs
Defunct province in Afghanistan
Province of Turkestan (Persian: ولایت ترکستان, romanized: Wilāyat-i Turkistān), historically also known as Balkh, Afghan Turkestan or Lesser Turkestan and since
Turkestan_Province
1865–1867 oblast of the Russian Empire
Turkestan Oblast (Russian: Туркеста́нская о́бласть, romanized: Turkestanskaya oblast) was an administrative-territorial unit of the Russian Empire in
Turkestan Oblast (Russian Empire)
Turkestan_Oblast_(Russian_Empire)
Militant organization
The Southern Turkestan Movement was a militant group that seeks independence for the Turkic tribesmen in the region of Southern Turkestan in Afghanistan
Southern_Turkestan_Movement
Passerine bird in the tit family Paridae
subspecies were often treated as a separate species, Parus bokharensis, the Turkestan tit. This form was once thought to form a ring species around the Tibetan
Great_tit
Military district of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union
The Turkestan Military District (Russian: Туркестанский военный округ (ТуркВО), Turkestansky voyenyi okrug (TurkVO)) was a military district of both the
Turkestan_Military_District
Islamic military organization in China and Syria
e. East Turkestan), and throughout the rest of Central Asia. The Chinese government asserts that the TIP is synonymous with the East Turkestan Islamic
Turkistan_Islamic_Party
Mountain range mostly in western Tajikistan
One of the northern extensions of the Pamir-Alay system, the Turkestan Range (Russian: Туркестанский хребет; Kyrgyz: Түркстан кырка тоосу; Uzbek: Туркистон
Turkestan_Range
Subspecies of carnivore
The Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus), also known as the Central Asian, Tibetan or Himalayan lynx, is a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)
Turkestan_lynx
The Turkestan Army (Russian: Туркестанская армия, romanized: Turkestanskaya armiya) was a White army during the Russian Civil War, which operated from
Turkestan Army (Armed Forces of South Russia)
Turkestan_Army_(Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia)
Geopolitical conflict in China
xīnjiāng chōngtú), also known as the East Turkestan conflict, Uyghur–Chinese conflict or Sino–East Turkestan conflict (as argued by the East Turkistan
Xinjiang_conflict
1944–1946 uprising in northern Xinjiang, China
(East Turkestan) against the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China, from 1944 to 1946. The Ili Rebellion began with the East Turkestan National
Ili_Rebellion
Period in Russian and Central Asian history
Central Asia. The majority of this land became known as Russian Turkestan—the name "Turkestan" was used to refer to the area due to the fact that the vast
Russian conquest of Central Asia
Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia
Uyghur secessionist organization
Turkestan Liberation Organization (ETLO) was a secessionist Uyghur organization that advocated for an independent Uyghur state named East Turkestan in
East Turkestan Liberation Organization
East_Turkestan_Liberation_Organization
Men's association football team
East Turkestan national football team (competing as East Turkistan and formerly as Uyghur) is an association football team representing East Turkestan, a
East Turkestan national football team
East_Turkestan_national_football_team
Communist party in Xinjiang, China (1946–1947)
The East Turkestan Revolutionary Party (ETRP) was a clandestine communist party active from 1946 to 1947, in what is now Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
East Turkestan Revolutionary Party
East_Turkestan_Revolutionary_Party
Independence movement in China
The East Turkestan independence movement is a political movement that seeks the independence of East Turkestan, a large and sparsely populated region
East Turkestan independence movement
East_Turkestan_independence_movement
Anti-Bolshevik organization in Russian Turkestan
The Turkestan Military Organization was an anti–Bolshevik military underground organization created in February 1918 in the Turkestan Territory of the
Turkestan Military Organization
Turkestan_Military_Organization
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Asia, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan were formed from parts of Russia's Turkestan ASSR and two Soviet dependencies, the Khorezm and Bukharan PSPs. In 1929
Soviet_Union
Species of rodent
The Turkestan rat (Rattus pyctoris) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. The species is found throughout continental Asia from Afghanistan to
Turkestan_rat
Railway line in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan
The Turkestan–Siberian Railway (commonly abbreviated as the Turk–Sib, Kazakh: Түрксіб, romanized: Türksib, pronounced [tʉrksɪ́p]; Russian: Турксиб) is
Turkestan–Siberia_Railway
Football club
FC Turkestan (Kazakh: Түркістан футбол клубы) is a Kazakh football club that is based in Shymkent, Kazakhstan. They were members of the Kazakhstan First
FC_Turkestan
Political philosophy emphasising social ownership of production
Short-lived socialist states in Asia: Azerbaijan People's Government East Turkestan Far East Fujian Gilan Inner Mongolia Jiangxi Kuwait Kurdish Republic of
Socialism
Country in the Caribbean
Short-lived socialist states in Asia: Azerbaijan People's Government East Turkestan Far East Fujian Gilan Inner Mongolia Jiangxi Kuwait Kurdish Republic of
Cuba
The Turkestan Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War which existed between March 5 and June 15, 1919. The Turkestan Army was
Turkestan_Army_(RSFSR)
Country in East Asia
Short-lived socialist states in Asia: Azerbaijan People's Government East Turkestan Far East Fujian Gilan Inner Mongolia Jiangxi Kuwait Kurdish Republic of
China
Persian title
Khoja or Khwaja (Kazakh: қожа; Kyrgyz: кожо; Uyghur: خوجا; Persian: خواجه; Tajik: хӯҷа; Uzbek: xo'ja; Chinese: 和卓; pinyin: hézhuó), a Persian word literally
Khoja_(Turkestan)
Military theater of the Russian Civil War
of the Russian Civil War taking place in the old imperial provinces of Turkestan, Khiva, Bukhara, and Transcaspia. In late 1917, a revolutionary wave spread
Central Asian Front of the Russian Civil War
Central_Asian_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War
Military unit
late 1919 during the Russian Civil War as the 3rd Turkestan Rifle Division, it served with the Turkestan Front in the defeat of White Cossack forces for
68th_Mountain_Rifle_Division
Archaic geographical term
regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang (also referred to as Chinese Turkestan), and Tibet under the rule of the Qing dynasty of China. The geographical
Chinese_Tartary
Uzbek 20th century historian of Turkestan and Central Asia (1917–2006)
Mahmutmirzaoğlov, was a historian and orientalist who specialised in the history of Turkestan and Central Asia. Baymirza Hayit was born in Yargorgan, a village in the
Baymirza_Hayit
Armed forces of the Second East Turkestan Republic (1945–1949)
Ili National Army (INA; Chinese: 伊犁民族軍), originally known as the East Turkestan National Army (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان مىللىي ئارمىيىسى, romanized: sherqiy
Ili_National_Army
Species of bird
The red-tailed shrike or Turkestan shrike (Lanius phoenicuroides) is a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific
Red-tailed_shrike
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
Chagatai language. Glottolog v.5.2 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkestan" and classifies them as follows: Austin, Peter (2008). One Thousand Languages:
Karluk_languages
Elm cultivar
Zöschen, Germany, from seed collected for him circa 1890 in the Ili valley, Turkestan (then a region of the Russian Empire, now part of Kazakhstan) by the lawyer
Ulmus_pumila_'Pinnato-ramosa'
Historic site in Turkestan, Kazakhstan
romanized: Qoja Ahmet İassaui kesenesı) is a mausoleum in the city of Turkestan, in southern Kazakhstan. The structure was commissioned in 1389 by Timur
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Mausoleum_of_Khoja_Ahmed_Yasawi
Species of mammal
considered to be near-threatened within the China part of its range. The Turkestan red pika is one of the 29 recognized species of mammal in the family Ochotonidae
Turkestan_red_pika
1473 battle during the conquest of Turkestan
Battle of Sogunluk was a winter battle of 1473 during the conquest of Turkestan by Mahmud Sultan [ru]. The ruler of Sozak, Mahmud Sultan, son of Janibek
Battle_of_Sogunluk
Swedish missionary (1879–1960)
Swedish missionary. She served with the Mission Union of Sweden in Chinese Turkestan (present day Xinjiang). Svensson was born in Långared parish, Älvsborg
Elin_Svensson
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Mehmed II and Bayezid II in both Uighur and Arabic scripts and in East Turkestan (Chagatai) language. Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual
Ottoman_Empire
Species of mammal
The golden jackal (Canis aureus), also called the common jackal, is a wolf-like canid that is native to Eurasia. The golden jackal's coat varies in color
Golden_jackal
Small wild cat
(1876). "Description of Felis Shawiana, a new Lyncine cat from Eastern Turkestan". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 45 (2): 49−51. Satunin
Asiatic_wildcat
Political party in the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of Turkestan (Russian: Коммунистическая партия Туркестана, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Turkestana; Uzbek: Turkiston Kommunistik
Communist_Party_of_Turkestan
Country in East Asia
Short-lived socialist states in Asia: Azerbaijan People's Government East Turkestan Far East Fujian Gilan Inner Mongolia Jiangxi Kuwait Kurdish Republic of
North_Korea
Swedish missionary (1858–1924)
Turkestan (present-day Xinjiang). He served with the Mission Union of Sweden. He first served in Russia in August 1880 and went to Chinese Turkestan first
Lars_Erik_Högberg
Small wild cat species (Felis margarita)
and 2–6 rings on the tail. Felis margarita thinobia, also called the Turkestan sand cat, Arabian sand cat, and Pakistan sand cat, it occurs in West and
Sand_cat
of a cotton monoculture would render Turkestan dependent on food imports from Western Siberia, and the Turkestan–Siberia Railway was already planned when
History_of_Central_Asia
Country in Central and South Asia
west-central highlands, creating plains in the north and southwest, namely the Turkestan Plains and the Sistan Basin; these two regions consist of rolling grasslands
Afghanistan
Former province of the Republic of China
Division (National Revolutionary Army) destroyed the army of the First East Turkestan Republic at the Battle of Kashgar (1934), bringing the Republic to an
Xinjiang Province, Republic of China
Xinjiang_Province,_Republic_of_China
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
the Turks" (Dawlat at-Turk, or Dawlat al-Atrāk, or Dawlat-at-Turkiyya). Turkestan, also meaning the "land of the Turks", was used for a historic region
Turkey
President of the Second East Turkestan Republic
political and religious leader who served as the president of the Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1946). He was born in Tokmok, in present-day Kyrgyzstan
Elihan_Tore
Territories of Nazi Germany during WWII
Reichskommissariat Turkestan (RKT) the Soviet Union's Central Asian territories; proposed, never established. At Hitler's request, the Turkestan project was
Reichskommissariat
The national emblem of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted by the government of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Emblem of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Emblem_of_the_Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
Country in West Africa
Short-lived socialist states in Asia: Azerbaijan People's Government East Turkestan Far East Fujian Gilan Inner Mongolia Jiangxi Kuwait Kurdish Republic of
Burkina_Faso
Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1227
appanage was the former Qara Khitai territories surrounding Almaligh in Turkestan, which became the Chagatai Khanate. Ögedei, a son born c. 1186, who received
Genghis_Khan
Species of bird
The Turkestan ground jay, grey ground jay or Pander's ground-jay (Podoces panderi) is a species of bird in the crow and jay family, Corvidae. It is found
Turkestan_ground_jay
Kazakh politician of the Turkestan Autonomy (1890–1941)
December 1941) was a Kazakh social and political activist and ideologue of Turkestan nationalism. From 1921, he lived in exile in France. Mustafa Shokay was
Mustafa_Shokay
Uyghur separatist group (1968–1969)
The East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party (ETPRP) was a communist militant organization advocating East Turkestan independence (i.e. Xinjiang separatism)
East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party
East_Turkestan_People's_Revolutionary_Party
Region in southern Kazakhstan
the oldest cave in the country, located in the Turkestan region on the territory of the Syrdarya–Turkestan State Regional Natural Park, it was discovered
Turkistan_Region
Region in China
by those who are against independence for East Turkestan. Therefore, for those opponents, East Turkestan is no better than Xinjiang (新疆). So Xinjiang (新疆)
Xinjiang_(historical_area)
Islamist Uzbek militant group in Asia
reporters in Dushanbe on 16 October 2006 that the "Islamic Movement of Turkestan is the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan," and that Uzbek secret services
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan
Part of the early Muslim conquests in Central Asia
influence in Transoxania and become the predominant power in Chinese Turkestan. However, this resurgence ended suddenly at the Battle of Talas in 751
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana
Muslim_conquest_of_Transoxiana
(SNK) of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, that is, the head of the Turkestan Republic and a member of the Turkestan Regional Party
Fyodor_Kolesov
Country in Central Europe (1949–1990)
Short-lived socialist states in Asia: Azerbaijan People's Government East Turkestan Far East Fujian Gilan Inner Mongolia Jiangxi Kuwait Kurdish Republic of
East_Germany
Agriculture department of Turkestan
The Department of Agriculture and State Property of the Turkestan Governor-Generalship was a regional agency of the Russian Empire responsible for state
Department of Agriculture and State Property of the Turkestan Governor-Generalship
Department_of_Agriculture_and_State_Property_of_the_Turkestan_Governor-Generalship
Afghan Turkestan campaign 1838-1839
The Afghan Turkestan Campaign of 1838–39 began in the winter of 1838 and ended in March 1839. The campaign was sent as a result of the tyranny of the
Afghan Turkestan Campaign (1838–39)
Afghan_Turkestan_Campaign_(1838–39)
1921–22 anti-Bolshevik campaign in Turkestan
peak, but by May 1922, with the start of Bolshevik counteroffensives in Turkestan, the Basmachi began to fall apart. By mid-June, Ibrahim Bek revolted against
Enver_Pasha's_Rebellion
Species of bird
The Oriental skylark (Alauda gulgula) is a species of skylark found in the Sino-Indian region and parts of central Asia. Like other skylarks, it is found
Oriental_skylark
1386–1395 war between Tokhtamysh and Timur
founder of the Timurid Empire, in the areas of the Caucasus Mountains, Turkestan and Eastern Europe. The battle between Timur and Tokhtamysh played a key
Tokhtamysh–Timur_war
Public research university in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
as Turkestan People's University, it is the oldest institution of higher education in Uzbekistan. On March 16, 1918, a decree of the Turkestan's Council
National University of Uzbekistan
National_University_of_Uzbekistan
stigar: Tjugofem år i Ost-Turkestan. Stockholm, Svenska Missionsförbundet Förlag, 1917 Mission and Change in Eastern Turkestan (English Translation of select
Gustaf_Adolf_Arell
Political organization based in Germany
The East Turkestan Information Center (شەرقىي تۈركىستان ئىنفورماتسىيون, шәрқий түркистан информатсийон, Sherqiy Türkistan Informatsiyon; abbreviated ETIC)
East Turkestan Information Center
East_Turkestan_Information_Center
Soviet and Uzbek entomologist (1878–1959)
entomologist. Plotnikov was the founder and long-serving director of the Turkestan Entomological Station in Tashkent (1911–1932), the first pest control
Vasily_Plotnikov
Uzbek literary scholar and educator (1886–1938)
literature, history, and arithmethi. He was one of the founders of Jadidism in Turkestan. Majid Qodiri was born in the family of a clergyman in the mahalla "Kori
Majid_Qodiri
Events, was an armed uprising against the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic led by the Turkestan Military Organization during the Russian
Tashkent anti-Soviet revolt of 1919
Tashkent_anti-Soviet_revolt_of_1919
Soviet statesman and academic (1878–1941)
role in establishing and maintaining Soviet regime in the Ural region, Turkestan and the Far East. Pyotr Kobozev was born in 1878 in the village of Pesochnya
Pyotr_Kobozev
Kazakh leader in Xinjiang (1906–1949)
century. He served as the Deputy Commander of the East Turkestan National Army of the Second East Turkestan Republic. Dalelkhan Sugirbayev was born in 1906 to
Dalelkhan_Sugirbayev
1925. The Turkestan Autonomy occupied former territories of the Russian Empire, which was called the Turkestan Krai or the Russian Turkestan, more particular
List_of_leaders_of_Tajikistan
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