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1189–1192 attempted re-conquest of the Holy Land
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England, and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer
Third_Crusade
Religious wars of the High Middle Ages
recovery and defence of the Holy Land, as part of a wider crusading movement. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont
Crusades
13th-century military campaign
The Third Swedish Crusade to Finland was a Swedish military expedition against the pagan Karelians from 1293 to 1295 in which the Swedes successfully
Third_Swedish_Crusade
Prelude to the First Crusade (April–October 1096)
The People's Crusade was the beginning phase of the First Crusade whose objective was to retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in particular, from Islamic
People's_Crusade
1187 Saladin victory over the Crusaders
Jerusalem and most of the other Crusader-held cities and castles. These Christian defeats prompted the Third Crusade, which began two years after the
Battle_of_Hattin
1096–1099 Christian re-conquest of the Holy Land
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, which were initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin
First_Crusade
Crusader state in the Levant from 1099 to 1291
after the siege of Jerusalem in 1187 and its restoration after the Third Crusade in 1192. The original kingdom lasted from 1099 to 1187 before being
Kingdom_of_Jerusalem
This chronology presents the timeline of the Crusades from the beginning of the Third Crusade, first called for, in 1187 to the fall of Acre in 1291. This
Chronology of the Crusades, 1187–1291
Chronology_of_the_Crusades,_1187–1291
Religious crusade in Egypt from 1248 to 1254
The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) was the first of the two Crusades led by Louis IX of France. Also known as the Crusade of Louis IX to the Holy Land, it
Seventh_Crusade
King of England from 1189 to 1199
his father. Richard was an important Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France. Despite
Richard_I_of_England
Crusades include the traditional numbered crusades and other conflicts that prominent historians have self-identified as crusades. The scope of the term
List_of_Crusades
Christian states in the Levant, 1098–1291
established by the Third Crusade. The study of the Crusader states in their own right, as opposed to being a sub-topic of the Crusades, began in 19th-century
Crusader_states
Period of Byzantine history from 1185 to 1204
partitioning of the Byzantine Empire when in 1204, soldiers of the Fourth Crusade overthrew the last Angeloi Emperor, Alexios V Doukas. When Manuel I Komnenos
Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Angelos_dynasty
Crusade
The Crusade of 1101, also known as the Crusade of the Faint-Hearted, was launched in the aftermath of the First Crusade with calls for reinforcements
Crusade_of_1101
Calendar year
insures visiting rights for pilgrims to come to the Holy City. The Third Crusade ends. October 9 – Richard leaves the Holy Land, setting sail from Acre
1192
12th-century pilgrim and crusader
mid-1180s on a pilgrimage but was caught up in the events surrounding the Third Crusade. She fought in the Siege of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187, spent several
Margaret_of_Beverley
1147–1149 Christian holy war
The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County
Second_Crusade
Medieval dynastic union of states in present-day England, France, Ireland, and Wales
went up to an average of £22,000 per year. During preparation for the Third Crusade, revenue increased to over £31,000 in 1190 under Richard. The number
Angevin_Empire
of the Crusades. This list does not include documentaries, short films. Heffernan, Ryan (17 November 2025). "20 Best Movies About the Crusades, Ranked"
List of films about the Crusades
List_of_films_about_the_Crusades
12th-century nobleman in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Balian d'Ibelin; c. 1143–1193), also known as Barisan the Younger, was a crusader noble of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. He was Lord of Ibelin
Balian_of_Ibelin
1217–1221 attempted conquest of the Holy Land
The Fifth Crusade (September 1217 – August 29, 1221) was a campaign in a series of Crusades by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of
Fifth_Crusade
Latin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture
Fourth_Crusade
Crusade
Third Crusade in 1189–90. Thus the military campaign is also known as the "Emperor's Crusade" (echoing the name "Kings' Crusade" given to the Third Crusade)
Crusade_of_1197
Framework of Christian holy war
Council of Clermont (1095), at which Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade, an armed expedition in support of Eastern Christians under Muslim rule
Crusading_movement
Founder of the Ayyubid dynasty (c. 1137 – 1193)
and Syria. An important figure of the Third Crusade, he spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant. At the height
Saladin
Queen of Sicily from 1177 to 1189
in turn, likely saw an alliance with Sicily as useful for any future crusades. The betrothal was confirmed on 20 May, and Joan's father had to raise
Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Sicily
1965 Doctor Who serial
Vicki (Maureen O'Brien) arrive in 12th century Palestine during the Third Crusade, and find themselves entangled in the conflict between King Richard
The_Crusade_(Doctor_Who)
Siege of Jerusalem by the Ayyubids
to Tyre and later to Acre after the Third Crusade. Latin Christians responded in 1189 by launching the Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart, Philip
Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)
Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190
acceptable choice for the Empire's prince-electors. Frederick joined the Third Crusade and opted to travel overland to the Holy Land. In 1190, Frederick drowned
Frederick_Barbarossa
Lord of Sidon
of Robert FitzPernel, Earl of Leicester. In 1189 he took part in the Third Crusade, and probably remained in the Holy Land until 1192, when Richard the
Guy de Montfort, Lord of Sidon
Guy_de_Montfort,_Lord_of_Sidon
Medieval Christian kingdom established after the Third Crusade (1192–1489)
kingdom, it was established by the French House of Lusignan after the Third Crusade. It comprised the island of Cyprus and, on the Anatolian mainland, Antalya
Kingdom_of_Cyprus
12th- and 13th-century crusades around the Baltic Sea
The Northern Crusades, or Baltic Crusades, were military campaigns conducted by several Catholic kingdoms and military orders in an effort to Christianize
Northern_Crusades
Miniature wargame and horror setting
Trench Crusade (stylized in all caps) is a miniature wargame and grimdark horror setting. The game uses 32 mm scale miniatures, and can be played using
Trench_Crusade
Video game series
developed during the Crusades. The entire campaign, as well as the "Conquest Trail" game mode, takes place during the Third Crusade. Unlike the original
Stronghold_(series)
Component of the Crusades (1179)
Saladin suffered before the advent of Richard the Lionheart and the Third Crusade". By the end of the battle, Saladin was forced to flee back to Egypt
Siege_of_Jacob's_Ford
island of Cyprus from April to May 1191 during the Third Crusade. Richard I embarked on the Third Crusade in 1189. Early in 1191, Berengaria of Navarre, Richard's
Conquest of Cyprus by Richard I
Conquest_of_Cyprus_by_Richard_I
2005 film directed by Ridley Scott
portrayal of the events leading to the Third Crusade, focusing mainly on Balian of Ibelin who fights to defend the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem from the Ayyubid
Kingdom_of_Heaven_(film)
Hellenistic city, modern Antakya, Turkey
Peter in Antioch. Throughout the Third Crusade, Antioch remained neutral; however, with the end of the Third Crusade (1192), they were included in the
Antioch
By the Ayyubids under Saladin
For the crusaders, it was a very important victory because Tyre became a rallying-point for the future Christian revival during the Third Crusade. Had Tyre
Siege_of_Tyre_(1187)
1177 battle between the Crusaders and Ayyubids
led by Saladin in what became one of the most notable engagements of the Crusades. The Egyptian army was quickly routed and pursued for twelve miles. Saladin
Battle_of_Montgisard
grandfather was Thomas, Lord of Coucy. He accompanied his father on the Third Crusade, where his father died at the siege of Acre in 1191. Enguerrand married
Enguerrand_II_of_Boves
a list of the principal leaders of the Crusades, classified by Crusade. Emicho, leader of the German Crusade Walter the Penniless Bohemond, Prince of
List of principal leaders of the Crusades
List_of_principal_leaders_of_the_Crusades
Crusades against Muslim control of Iberia
Iberian Crusades were papally promoted wars, part of the Reconquista, fought against the Muslim states of the Iberian Peninsula within the wider Crusading movement
Iberian_Crusades
Decade
(1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0. Kenneth P. Czech. Third Crusade: Siege of Acre, p. 3.
1190s
Battle of the Third Crusade
Syria. This pivotal siege formed part of what later became known as the Third Crusade. The siege lasted from August 1189 until July 1191, at which time the
Siege_of_Acre_(1189–1191)
Papal bull authorizing a crusade
A crusade bull or crusading bull (Latin: bulla cruciata) was a papal bull that granted privileges, including indulgences, to those who took part in the
Crusade_bull
Kurdish aristocrat and general of the Ayyubid Dynasty
and a prominent figure in the Third Crusade. Husam al-Din played an important role in Saladin's war against the Crusaders and in the conquest of Levant
Husam_al-Din_Abu'l-Hayja
Sultanate in Egypt and Levant from 1171 to 1341
its existence. Most of the Crusader states fell to Saladin after his victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, but the Crusaders reconquered the Syrian coastlands
Ayyubid_dynasty
Part of the Crusades
finally succeeded in capturing the city of Antioch. Prior to the siege, the Crusader Principality was oblivious to the loss of the city, as demonstrated when
Siege_of_Antioch_(1268)
2007 video game
fictional history of real-world events, taking place primarily during the Third Crusade in the Holy Land in 1191. The player character is a modern-day man named
Assassin's_Creed_(video_game)
1191 Third Crusade battle
took place on 7 September 1191, as part of the Third Crusade. It saw a multi-national force of Crusaders, led by Richard I of England, defeat a significantly
Battle_of_Arsuf
Video game series
history, including Altaïr Ibn-LaʼAhad from the Middle East during the Third Crusade; Ezio Auditore da Firenze from the Italian Renaissance; and Ratonhnhaké:ton
Assassin's_Creed
Killing of Muslim prisoners by Christian forces during the Third Crusade
The Massacre of Ayyadieh occurred during the Third Crusade after the fall of Acre when King Richard I had more than two thousand Muslim prisoners of war
Massacre_at_Ayyadieh
1978 medieval board wargame
the Third Crusade. The Crusades is a board wargame with two scenarios; the "First Crusade" scenario is a multi-player game, and the "Third Crusade" is
The_Crusades_(game)
Queen of the Franks from 1160 to 1180
the third wife of Louis VII. She was regent of France from 1190 to 1191 while her son Philip II participated in the Third Crusade. Adela was the third child
Adela_of_Champagne
Richard the Lionheart, King of England to the Holy Land on the Third Crusade (kings' Crusade) from 1190 to 1191. The chronicle details the trip through France
The Crusade and Death of Richard I
The_Crusade_and_Death_of_Richard_I
Occitan warrior
the count of Toulouse. Suggestions that he accompanied Richard on the Third Crusade are based on a charter that has been established as a forgery. There
Mercadier
River in southern Turkey
Romans bridged the river at Seleucia in 77 AD. In 1190, while on the Third Crusade, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa drowned in the river, then known as the
Göksu
10th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (1190–1192)
Armengol de Aspa. He fought at the Battle of Arsuf in 1191 during the Third Crusade. It was under his magistracy that the headquarters of the Order were
Garnier_de_Nablus
Roches (died 1222) (in French Guillaume des Roches) was a French knight and crusader who acted as Seneschal of Anjou, of Maine and of Touraine. After serving
William_des_Roches
Role of the Byzantine Empire in the Crusades
The Byzantine Empire participated in the crusading movement from its inception in the late 11th century, serving as initiator, ally, or adversary. The
Byzantium in the Crusading movement
Byzantium_in_the_Crusading_movement
Queen of Jerusalem from 1167 to 1174
and Humphrey accompanied him, and the Third Crusade ensued. Unity appeared to have been restored during the crusade until Sibylla and her daughters by Guy
Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
Maria_Komnene,_Queen_of_Jerusalem
12th–13th century English royal house of French origin
Richard put the Angevin Empire's affairs in order before joining the Third Crusade to the Middle East in early 1190. Opinions of Richard by his contemporaries
Angevin_kings_of_England
Part of the Crusades
Hattin and inflicting heavy losses on the Crusaders. The Third Crusade was launched in response; the Crusaders besieged and eventually recaptured Acre in
Siege_of_Acre_(1291)
Latin Emperor in 1217
Augustus, on the third Crusade in 1190, returning to France in 1193. He fought (alongside his brother Robert) in the Albigensian Crusade in 1209 and 1211
Peter_II_of_Courtenay
Campaigns in Egypt by the Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Crusader invasions of Egypt were the repeated invasions of Fatimid Egypt from 1163 to 1169 by King Amalric of Jerusalem, who wished to strengthen the
Crusader_invasions_of_Egypt
Turkish state in central Anatolia from 1077 to 1308
occupation of Konya in 1190 by the Holy Roman Empire's forces of the Third Crusade, the sultanate was quick to recover and consolidate its power. During
Sultanate_of_Rum
12th-century crusade
The Venetian Crusade of 1122–1124 was an expedition to the Holy Land launched by the Republic of Venice that succeeded in capturing Tyre. It was an important
Venetian_Crusade
Duke of Burgundy from 1162 to 1192
Philip II and Hugh was forced to sue for peace. Hugh then joined the Third Crusade, distinguishing himself at Arsuf and Acre, where he died in 1192. Hugh
Hugh_III_of_Burgundy
Solemn promise to God that one will participate in a crusade
The crusade vow (also crusading vow or crusader vow) was a solemn promise to God made before a representative of the Catholic Church legally binding oneself
Crusade_vow
1954 book by Ronald Welch
set primarily in the Crusader states of Outremer in the twelfth century and features the Battle of Hattin and the Third Crusade. Welch won the annual
Knight_Crusader
King of England from 1199 to 1216
against Richard's administrators while the King was participating in the Third Crusade, but he was proclaimed king after Richard died in 1199. Philip II of
John,_King_of_England
and the Third Crusade ended. Saladin died in 1193. Frederick Barbarossa's successor, Henry VI, set out for the Levant with an army in the Crusade of 1197
History_of_the_Middle_East
1204–05. He participated in the Third and Fourth Crusades. He participated with Philip I, Count of Flanders, in the Third Crusade where he distinguished himself
Hugh_IV,_Count_of_Saint-Pol
Middle Ages battle
the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. pp. 227–228. Edbury, Peter W. (1996). The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources
Battle_of_Cresson
French bishop
played an important role in France and Champagne and participated in the Third Crusade. Returning to France, in 1199 he negotiated the marriage of Theobald
Reginald of Bar (bishop of Chartres)
Reginald_of_Bar_(bishop_of_Chartres)
French feudatory (1191-1219)
1215. In 1189, Walter and his eldest brother Guy participated in the Third Crusade and arrived at the siege of Acre with the King Philip Augustus the 30
Walter_III_of_Châtillon
reforms in the western church and a continuation of the Crusades, namely with the Second Crusade in the Holy Land. Two investiture controversies ended in
Christianity in the 12th century
Christianity_in_the_12th_century
Battle of the Third Crusade
the final battle of the Third Crusade, after which Saladin and King Richard were able to negotiate a truce. Although the Crusaders did not regain possession
Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)
1153 battle of the Crusades
January to 22 August 1153, in the time period between the Second and Third Crusades, and resulted in the capture of the Fatimid Egyptian fortress by the
Siege_of_Ascalon
Siege in Egypt during the Crusades
Alexandria took place in summer 1167, during the third Crusader invasion of Egypt, when the Crusaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem besieged the port city
Siege_of_Alexandria_(1167)
Attempted crusade
The Children's Crusade was a failed popular crusade by European Christians to establish a second Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Holy Land in the early
Children's_Crusade
English poet
of the third Crusade. It was during Franklin's absence that she researched and wrote the historical epic poem, Cœur de Lion, or The Third Crusade. A poem
Eleanor_Anne_Porden
King of Jerusalem (1198–1205) and Cyprus (1196–1205)
Philip II of France led the Third Crusade to the Levant. Geoffrey of Lusignan, brother of Aimery and Guy, arrived with this crusade. In 1189 Guy gathered a
Aimery_of_Cyprus
Prince of Antioch from 1163 to 1201
Saladin, Bohemond did not provide military assistance to the crusaders during the Third Crusade. The expansionist policy of King Leo I of Armenia in the 1190s
Bohemond_III_of_Antioch
Queen of France (1137–52) and England (1154–89); Duchess of Aquitaine (1137–1204)
Louis VII and Eleanor had two daughters, Marie and Alix. During the Second Crusade, Eleanor accompanied Louis to the Holy Land. Pope Eugene III rejected an
Eleanor_of_Aquitaine
King of Jerusalem from 1186 to 1192
children died during an epidemic, developed into a rallying point for the Third Crusade, led by Philip II of France and Richard I of England. Conrad married
Guy_of_Lusignan
Although women's contributions to the crusades have historically been under-appreciated, recent scholarship has highlighted their indispensable contributions
Women_in_the_Crusades
Count of Shauenburg and Holstein
Lübeck. Adolf accompanied him on the Third Crusade. In August 1190 he reached Tyre, where he left the crusading army and returned to Holstein to defend
Adolf_III_of_Holstein
King of France from 1180 to 1223
an oath not to attack Richard's lands while he was away on a crusade. The Third Crusade ordained territory under the protection of the Church in any event
Philip_II_of_France
Champagne, and Matilda of Carinthia. He accompanied his father to the Third Crusade and participated in the Siege of Acre, where his father was killed.
Geoffrey_III_of_Perche
office since about 1100. Henry Testa was one of the leaders of the Third Crusade and is documented serving Emperor Frederick's son and successor Henry
Henry_of_Kalden
French nobleman
(1173– 22 January 1222) was a French nobleman and participant in the Fifth Crusade. By marriage in 1200 to Mahaut de Courtenay (1188–1257), daughter of Peter
Hervé_IV_of_Donzy
Ayyubid emir of Damascus from 1193 to 1196
Saladin was defeated by Richard I of England and the forces of the Third Crusade. When Saladin died in 1193, al-Afdal inherited Damascus, but not the
Al-Afdal_ibn_Salah_ad-Din
Calendar year
History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0. Nicholson, Helen J. (1997). Chronicle of the Third Crusade: A Translation
1191
Byzantine emperor (1185–1195; 1203–1204)
theory of a supposed alliance between Isaac and Saladin against the Third Crusade has been discredited by modern research. Isaac's administration was
Isaac_II_Angelos
12th-century French aristocrat
La Marche (as Hugh IV) on his grandfather's death. He died on the Fifth Crusade at the siege of Damietta on 5 November 1219. Hugh IX is mentioned under
Hugh_IX_of_Lusignan
Nobleman from Poitou (c. 1160/5–1219)
Earlier, he participated, as a young knight, in the Third Crusade, and later again in the Fifth Crusade, and died upon return. He was buried at the Priory
Raoul_I_of_Lusignan
Queen of England from 1191 to 1199
childless. She did (unusually for the wife of a crusader) accompany him on the start of the Third Crusade, but mostly lived in his French possessions. There
Berengaria_of_Navarre
1271 battle of Lord Edward's Crusade
Battle of Qaqunwas a military engagement between the Crusaders and the Mamluks in Qaqun. The Crusaders, who were led by Prince Edward, led a raid against
Battle_of_Qaqun
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