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Holistic approach to the study of ecological systems
ecological systems, especially ecosystems. Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology. Central to the systems ecology approach
Systems_ecology
Study of matter and energy flow in industrial systems
analogy of natural systems should be used as an aid in understanding how to design sustainable industrial systems. Industrial ecology is concerned with
Industrial_ecology
Study of organisms and their environment
Ecology (from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) 'house' and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms
Ecology
Study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions
portal Ecology portal Earth sciences portal Biogeochemistry Community ecology Earth system science Holon (philosophy) Landscape ecology Systems ecology MuSIASEM
Ecosystem_ecology
Scientific discipline
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models
Theoretical_ecology
information ecology. There was also an academic research project at DSTC called Information ecology, concerned with distributed information systems and online
Information_ecology
Interdisciplinary study of systems
Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e., cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial
Systems_theory
Relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems
and geodiversity. As a highly interdisciplinary field in systems science, landscape ecology integrates biophysical and analytical approaches with humanistic
Landscape_ecology
Earth systems engineering and management (ESEM) is a discipline used to analyze, design, engineer and manage complex environmental systems. It entails
Earth systems engineering and management
Earth_systems_engineering_and_management
Type of aquatic ecosystem with flowing freshwater
or aquatic ecology. There is no sharp boundary between the two systems, however. The following unifying characteristics make the ecology of running waters
River_ecosystem
Scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment
tropical ecology; the spatial scale under consideration, e.g. macroecology, landscape ecology; the philosophical approach, e.g. systems ecology which adopts
Outline_of_ecology
Community of living organisms together with the nonliving components of their environment
developed a "systems approach" to the study of ecosystems. This allowed them to study the flow of energy and material through ecological systems. Ecosystems
Ecosystem
Biogeophysical unit and associated social actors
resilience of ecological systems and, more recently, social-ecological systems. Although panarchy theory originates in ecology, it has found widespread
Socio-ecological_system
Theory in developmental psychology
Human ecology theory emphasizes environmental factors as central to development. Bioecological model Ecosystem Ecosystem ecology Systems ecology Systems psychology
Ecological_systems_theory
Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems
of these systems, and their variability, stability and instability. Subsets of Earth System science include systems geology and systems ecology, and many
Earth_system_science
Interaction of biology and evolution
Evolutionary ecology is a science at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology. It approaches the study of ecology in a way that explicitly
Evolutionary_ecology
Type of ecosystem
patterns as part of the Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model, with 24 statements constructed from the analysis of numerous systems. The following includes a subset
Lake_ecosystem
Digital ecology is a science about the interdependence of digital systems and the natural environment. This field of study looks at the methods in which
Digital_ecology
Field of ecology
Population ecology is a field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment,
Population_ecology
Study of the nature of systems
Systems science, also referred to as systems research or simply systems, is a transdisciplinary field that is concerned with understanding simple and
Systems_science
Bottleneck variable limiting the evolution of a system
bring about an increase of the magnitude of the function." In population ecology, a regulating factor, also known as a limiting factor, is something that
Limiting_factor
Systems science is the interdisciplinary field of science surrounding systems theory, cybernetics, the science of complex systems. It aims to develop
List of systems sciences organizations
List_of_systems_sciences_organizations
Type of environment in which an organism lives
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of
Habitat
Study of relationships between people and their environment
social ecology existed within the frameworks of biological ecology, human ecology, systems theory, and ecological psychology, examining people-environment
Social ecology (academic field)
Social_ecology_(academic_field)
Environmental engineering
with Energy Systems Language (also known as energy circuit language or energese) by Howard Odum is one illustration of this systems ecology approach. This
Ecological_engineering
Ecosystem in a body of water
aquatic ecosystems and exist in waters that have a high salt content. These systems contrast with freshwater ecosystems, which have a lower salt content. Marine
Aquatic_ecosystem
Ecological niche
E; et al. (2006). "Using ecosystem engineers to restore ecological systems". Ecology and Evolution. 21 (9): 493–500. Bibcode:2006TEcoE..21..493B. doi:10
Ecosystem_engineer
Ecological concept
In ecology, edge effects are changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two or more habitats. These effects transpire
Edge_effects
Ecosystem that does not exchange matter with the exterior
ecological systems or contained ecological systems (CES) are ecosystems that do not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system in order to
Closed_ecological_system
British ecologist (1903–1991)
"father of modern ecology." He contributed for more than sixty years to the fields of limnology, systems ecology, radiation ecology, entomology, genetics
G._Evelyn_Hutchinson
Set of processes exchanging nutrients between parts of a system
system. All forms of recycling have feedback loops that use energy in the process of putting material resources back into use. Recycling in ecology is
Nutrient_cycle
Academic journal
the interface of ecology, the social sciences and sustainability studies, and is known for contributions on social-ecological systems, resilience, and
Ecology_and_Society
Ability of an ecosystem to recover from damage
In ecology regeneration is the ability of an ecosystem – specifically, the environment and its living population – to renew and recover from damage. It
Regeneration_(ecology)
Part of Earth's aquatic ecosystems
general study area of freshwater or aquatic ecology. There is no sharp boundary between the two systems, however. A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic
Freshwater_ecosystem
Study of relationships between organisms and their environment at large spatial scales
particulate components of complex ecological systems generate emergent structures and dynamics Unlike traditional ecology, which focuses on local and small-scale
Macroecology
Hypothesis offering a causal explanation of diversity gradients
(2004) further developed these findings to a general metabolic theory of ecology. Indirect evidence points to increased mutation rates at higher temperatures
Effective_evolutionary_time
Study of political, economic and social factors about environmental issues
largely eclipsed cultural ecology as a form of analysis according to Walker.) As Walker states, "whereas cultural ecology and systems theory emphasize[s] adaptation
Political_ecology
American systems ecologist
(Springer) Systems science portal Systems ecology Energy quality Energy accounting Ecological economics Energy economics Industrial ecology Natural capital
Charles_A._S._Hall
patterned into an integrated fluidic device using principles of landscape ecology, physiology and cell signaling. Klitgord N, Segrè D (2010) Environments
Synthetic_ecosystems
Modeling language used in energy flow diagrams
modelling language used for composing energy flow diagrams in the field of systems ecology. It was developed by Howard T. Odum and colleagues in the 1950s during
Energy_systems_language
Network of interconnected organizations
indicated by the following: “Business ecology is based on the elegant structure and principles of natural systems. It recognizes that to develop healthy
Business_ecosystem
Predator at the top of a food chain
marine ecosystems, a Caribbean coral reef and the Benguela system near South Africa. In these systems, humans mainly eat predatory fish and have a fractional
Apex_predator
Complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities
chlorophyll Systems science portal Biological network Artificial life Biological systems engineering Evolutionary systems Organ system Systems biology Systems ecology
Biological_system
Human-created ecological niche
agricultural landscapes are examples of sites where research into novel ecosystem ecology is developing. Human society has transformed the planet to such an extent
Novel_ecosystem
Study of humans and their environment
ecological interactions, and how technological and economic systems shape sustainability. Human ecology has informed urban planning, epidemiology, resource management
Human_ecology
Interaction of bacteriophages with their environments
behavioral ecology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology, landscape ecology, mathematical ecology, molecular ecology, physiological ecology (or ecophysiology)
Phage_ecology
Ecosystem in saltwater environment
aquatic ecosystems and exist in waters that have a high salt content. These systems contrast with freshwater ecosystems, which have a lower salt content. Marine
Marine_ecosystem
Study of effect of the environment on the abundance and distribution of plants
freshwater ecosystems and coastal/marine systems. This breadth of topics shows the complexity of plant ecology, since it includes plants from floating
Plant_ecology
American ecologist. He is a pioneer of systems ecology and served as the first director of the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory in the United States. Van
George_Van_Dyne
Type of resource management
achieved without systems. Another example that diverges from top-down management is the implementation of community based co-management systems of governance
Environmental resource management
Environmental_resource_management
Means of studying complex ecological systems
between them. Hierarchy theory can be used in ecology to study more complex systems as it allows the system to be divided into structured levels of organization
Hierarchy_theory
Flow of energy through food chains in ecological energetics
Pierre K, Hanley T (2015). Trophic Ecology: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Interactions Across Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems. Cambridge University Press. pp. 55–85
Energy_flow_(ecology)
Science of inland aquatic ecosystems
global biogeochemical cycles. Limnology is closely related to aquatic ecology and hydrobiology, which study aquatic organisms and their interactions
Limnology
American ecologist (1924–2002)
on ecosystem ecology, and for his provocative proposals for additional laws of thermodynamics, informed by his work on general systems theory. Odum was
Howard_T._Odum
Benefits provided by intact ecosystems
introduction of early warning systems). Ecosystem services decisions require making complex choices at the intersection of ecology, technology, society, and
Ecosystem_service
Master of Science in Sustainability Management Master of Science in Systems Ecology Master of Environmental Management (MEM) Master of Environmental Planning
List_of_environmental_degrees
importantly plants. The goal of experimental ecology is to gain new knowledge into complex ecological systems, such as plant-climate relationships, species
Experimental_ecology
Attributes of ecosystems which signify their health
Ecological science Ecology movement Ecosystem valuation Ecological yield Deep ecology Human ecology Systems ecology Ecosystem ecology Ecoinformatics Ecosystem
Ecological_indicator
Ecological concept; intake rate of a consumer as a function of food density
A functional response in ecology is the intake rate of a consumer as a function of food density (the amount of food available in a given ecotope). It
Functional_response
Diversity and variations in ecosystems
stunted as a result. Environment portal Ecology portal Earth sciences portal Bioregion Disparity (ecology) Ecology Evolutionary biology Genetic diversity
Ecosystem_diversity
Study of chemical cycles of the earth related to biological activity
iron, and phosphorus cycles. Biogeochemistry is a systems science closely related to systems ecology. Early Greeks established the core idea of biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry
Growth is limited by the scarcest resource
Adaptation systems act as the cooper of Liebig's barrel and lengthens the shortest stave to improve barrel capacity. Indeed, in well-adapted systems the limiting
Liebig's_law_of_the_minimum
Plant species that can germinate and grow with limited resources
S2CID 240339706. Horn HS (November 1974). "The Ecology of Secondary Succession". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 5 (1): 25–37. doi:10.1146/annurev
Climax_species
Technology on Space Stations & Closed Ecosystems
Controlled (or closed) ecological life-support systems (acronym CELSS) are self-supporting life-support systems for space stations and colonies typically through
Controlled ecological life-support system
Controlled_ecological_life-support_system
Method of accounting
of agricultural systems, biofuels , nuclear power , energetics, sustainability of water use, mining, urban waste management systems, and urban metabolism
MuSIASEM
Group of sympatric species with similar ecological function
contexts, such as the metabolic theory of ecology, the scaling pattern of occupancy, and spatial analysis in ecology, all of which are fundamental concepts
Guild_(ecology)
environmental and energy usage practices using methods of systems ecology and industrial ecology. The scientific consensus on global warming and climate
Environmental impact of the energy industry
Environmental_impact_of_the_energy_industry
Approach to agriculture and land management
not always applicable. Design principles derive from the science of systems ecology and the study of pre-industrial examples of sustainable land use. Holmgren
Permaculture
Study of environmental issues, nature and culture
1016/0040-5809(91)90047-J. Odum, H. T. (1994). Ecological and General Systems: An Introduction to Systems Ecology. Boulder, Colorado: Colorado University Press. Patten
Environmental_humanities
Series of secondary extinctions
In ecology, a cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem. Secondary
Cascade_effect_(ecology)
Ability to withstand disturbance unchanged
"Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social–ecological Systems". Ecology and Society. 9 (2): 5. doi:10.5751/ES-00650-090205. hdl:10535/3282
Resistance_(ecology)
Study of the distribution or space occupied by species
Spatial ecology studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species. In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of
Spatial_ecology
Dead particulate organic material
PMID 21797150. Hillman, Robert E. (January 1972). "Systems Ecology Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Vol. I Bernard C. Patten". BioScience. 22 (1):
Detritus
Associated populations of species in a given area
In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of multiple species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known
Community_(ecology)
Organism type
Isotopes to Estimate Trophic Position: Models, Methods, and Assumptions". Ecology. 83 (3): 703–718. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0703:USITET]2.0.CO;2.
Autotroph
Animal that can eat and survive on both plants and animals
Consumer-resource systems Evolution (biology) Food chain Food energy Ingestion List of diets Mesocarnivore Productivity (ecology) List of feeding behaviours
Omnivore
Ecological and environmental philosophy
Deep ecology is an environmental philosophy that promotes the inherent worth of all living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs
Deep_ecology
Type of species interaction
information available concerning the impacts of facilitation on community ecology. There are two basic categories of facilitative interactions: Mutualism
Ecological_facilitation
Structure of civilization
In ecology, urban ecosystems are considered an ecosystem functional group within the intensive land-use biome. They are structurally complex ecosystems
Urban_ecosystem
Method of examining of human actions that affect the nature
Environmental systems analysis (ESA) is a systematic and systems based approach for describing human actions impacting on the natural environment to support
Environmental systems analysis
Environmental_systems_analysis
Approximate power law relating animal metabolic rate to mass
functional properties of vertebrate cardiovascular and respiratory systems, plant vascular systems, insect tracheal tubes, and other distribution networks. They
Kleiber's_law
perception rather than being an "objective" attribute of the system perceived. Ecology itself is also human perception, and such related concepts as
Ecosystem_valuation
Academic discipline; examines how goal-driven social entities grow, survive and die
Organizational ecology (also organizational demography and the population ecology of organizations) is a theoretical and empirical approach in the social
Organizational_ecology
Typically mathematical representation of an ecological system
ecosystem models. These model systems are then studied in order to make predictions about the dynamics of the real system. Often, the study of inaccuracies
Ecosystem_model
Event or force driving ecological change via mortality
In ecology, a disturbance is a change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem. Disturbances often act quickly and
Disturbance_(ecology)
Mature ecological community of organisms best adapted to an area
In scientific ecology, climax community or climatic climax community is a historic term for a community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the
Climax_community
Hypothesis about plant resource use competition in community ecology
(also called the resource-ratio hypothesis) is a hypothesis in community ecology that attempts to predict which species will become dominant as the result
R*_rule_(ecology)
Branch of ecology
Functional ecology is a branch of ecology that focuses on the roles, or functions, that species play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur
Functional_ecology
Ecological concept
merging of ideas from the studies of landscape ecology and food web ecology. The ideas from landscape ecology allow the study of population, community, and
Cross-boundary_subsidy
Connecting wild territories for animals
habitat or as a series of smaller patches of habitat. In conservation ecology, the SLOSS dilemma (whether to preserve single large [SL] areas of habitat
Wildlife_corridor
Study of media, technology, and communication
environments. The European version of media ecology is a materialist investigation of media systems as complex dynamic systems. In Russia, a similar theory was independently
Media_ecology
Academic journal
processes in urban environments." Associated with the Society for Urban Ecology, the journal was established in 1997. Additionally, the journal undergoes
Urban_Ecosystems
Recreation ecology is the scientific study of environmental impacts resulting from recreational activity in protected natural areas. This field of study
Recreation_ecology
Beneficial ecological chain reaction
G. (2006). "Using ecosystem engineers to restore ecological systems". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 21 (9). Elsevier: 493–500. Bibcode:2006TEcoE..21
Facilitation_cascade
Virus that infects bacteria
are important model organisms for studying principles of evolution and ecology. Phages can be used to combat bacterial infections such as blackleg. A
Bacteriophage
Class of ecological models
In theoretical ecology and nonlinear dynamics, consumer-resource models (CRMs) are a class of ecological models in which a community of consumer species
Consumer-resource_model
serves to compare the flow of materials through human systems to those in naturally occurring systems. As defined by Santos, an anthroposystem is "the orderly
Anthroposystem
of Agriculture/ARS and the Colorado State University Natural Resource Ecology Lab are currently using the DayCent model to develop a national inventory
DayCent
Sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services
cannibalism Energy economics Environmental accounting Life cycle assessment Systems ecology Labor theory of value Mirowski, Philip (1991). More Heat Than Light:
Embodied_energy
Branch of philosophy
the production of changes that shape ecological systems. This evolutionary process is central to ecology and biology. There are three main concerns that
Philosophy_of_ecology
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