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Different types of superconductors
superconductor Type-II superconductor Type-1.5 superconductor Heavy fermion superconductor Organic superconductor Unconventional superconductor Alekseevskiy, N
Superconductor_classification
Electrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance
multicomponent superconductors it is possible to combine the two behaviours. In that case the superconductor is of Type-1.5. A superconductor is conventional
Superconductivity
Superconductive behavior at temperatures much higher than absolute zero
hydride (LaH 10) becomes a superconductor at 250 K under a pressure of 170 gigapascals. In 2020, a room-temperature superconductor (critical temperature 288 K)
High-temperature superconductivity
High-temperature_superconductivity
Superconductor that depends on atomic structure
topological superconductor in one-dimension is the Kitaev chain. In 2015, uranium ditelluride (UTe2) was found to be a candidate topological superconductor. A
Topological_superconductor
Superconductivity theory
the free energy density f s {\displaystyle f_{s}} of a superconductor near the superconducting transition can be expressed in terms of a complex order
Ginzburg–Landau_theory
state of many elemental metals. Superconductors come in multiple varieties: Conventional superconductor: A superconductor described by the BCS theory with
List_of_states_of_matter
Indication of topological symmetry groups to topological condensed matter
insulators and topological superconductors, also called tenfold classification of topological insulators and superconductors, is an application of topology
Periodic table of topological insulators and topological superconductors
Periodic_table_of_topological_insulators_and_topological_superconductors
Chemical compound
preparation of organic superconductor/insulator/high-Tc superconductor trilayer structures, and the fabrication of metal/insulator/superconductor tunnel junctions
Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
Chinese physicist (born 1941)
Zhongxian profile: Superconductor breakthrough will speed up changes". CRI. Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. "Superconductor fighter Zhao Zhongxian:
Zhao_Zhongxian
Mineral and unconventional superconductor
is a superconductor and an unconventional superconductor. Naturally occurring miassite is too brittle, so it is made in a lab for superconductor research
Miassite
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
purchased a 193-hectare (477-acre) estate near Wānaka, which fit the classification of "sensitive land" and required foreign buyers to obtain permission
Peter_Thiel
Gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction with its environment
2023-02-14. Retrieved 2016-01-05. Corrosion of Glass, Ceramics and Ceramic Superconductors. D.E. Clark, B.K. Zoitos (eds.), William Andrew Publishing/Noyes (1992)
Corrosion
Application of K-theory in string theory
important applications, specially in the topological classification of topological insulators, superconductors and stable Fermi surfaces (Kitaev (2009), Horava
K-theory_(physics)
Chemical compound
becomes a superconductor; this property is widely used in precise detectors for infrared light and is being investigated for superconducting resonators
Niobium_nitride
Physical process of transition between basic states of matter
For a Type-I superconductor, the phase transition is second-order at zero external field;[citation needed] for a Type-II superconductor, the phase transition
Phase_transition
Measure of a civilization's evolution
using human civilization as a model for extrapolation. He proposed a classification of civilizations into three types, based on the axiom of exponential
Kardashev_scale
Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat
reactors. Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7−x) is a high-temperature superconductor. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor used in the construction of varistors
Ceramic
2025 film by BT Meza
[Rothe] and for the audience". "Affection (15)". British Board of Film Classification. April 27, 2026. Retrieved June 6, 2026. Grobar, Matt (August 26, 2024)
Affection_(2025_film)
Chemical element with atomic number 39 (Y)
or '1-2-3') superconductor developed at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and the University of Houston in 1987. This superconductor is notable because
Yttrium
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
different electrons must always be in different states. This allows classification of the possible states an electron can take in various energy levels
Periodic_table
1994 film by Steven E. de Souza
automatic first-aid mechanisms and electrical weaponry, including superconducting boots that enable him to fly. These gadgets allow Bison to gain the
Street_Fighter_(1994_film)
1989 film by Robert Zemeckis
developed by researchers at the Paris Diderot University. It uses a large superconductor plate on the bottom cooled with liquid nitrogen as to achieve the Meissner
Back_to_the_Future_Part_II
Transition between different phases of matter at zero temperature
still governed by quantum fluctuations, is the most interesting one. Superconductor–insulator transition – Type of quantum phase transition Quantum phases –
Quantum_phase_transition
Measure of a substance's ability to resist or conduct electric current
whereas in a superconductor, there is no voltage gradient and the current is instead related to the phase gradient of the superconducting order parameter
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
levels of radiotoxicity would be the same as coal ash. Nonetheless, classification as intermediate level waste rather than low-level waste may complicate
Fusion_power
Chemical element with atomic number 2 (He)
use, consuming about a quarter of production), and in the cooling of superconducting magnets, with its main commercial application in MRI scanners. Helium's
Helium
Particular class of intermetallic phases
(icosahedra), and six A atoms are surrounded by CN14 polyhedral. Nb3Ge is a superconductor with A15 structure. The three Laves phases are intermetallic compounds
Frank–Kasper_phases
Type of device
electro-optic effect "A magneto-optic modulator could facilitate the development of next-generation superconductor-based computers". September 26, 2022.
Optical_modulator
Powered mechanical device
so that it overcomes the frictional resistance in the bearing. The classification of simple machines to provide a strategy for the design of new machines
Machine
Class of intermetallic compounds
around 20 K (−253 °C; −424 °F), which is comparatively high, and remain superconductive in magnetic fields of tens of teslas (hundreds of kilogauss). This
A15_phases
Materials with electrical properties that cannot be explained by non-interacting entities
constraints on the parameter sets. One has for instance established a classification scheme of transition metal oxides within the so-called Zaanen–Sawatzky–Allen
Strongly_correlated_material
Chemical element with atomic number 3 (Li)
technique from seawater by using world-first dialysis with a lithium ionic superconductor". Desalination. 359: 59–63. Bibcode:2015Desal.359...59H. doi:10.1016/j
Lithium
Computing by new or unusual methods
correlators, which can be used for object detection, tracking, and classification. Spintronics is a field of study that involves the use of the intrinsic
Unconventional_computing
Australian physicist (born 1957)
Engineering division. Foley joined the editorial board of the physics journal Superconductor Science and Technology in 2003 and subsequently became its editor-in-chief
Cathy_Foley
Type of order at absolute zero
describe the real superconductors with dynamical electromagnetic interaction. However, in condensed matter physics, superconductor usually refers to a
Topological_order
Elementary particle, fundamental constituent of matter
proposal came shortly after Gell-Mann's 1961 formulation of a particle classification system known as the Eightfold Way—or, in more technical terms, SU(3)
Quark
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
star. Models where the glitch is due to a decoupling of the possibly superconducting interior of the star have also been advanced. In both cases, the star's
Pulsar
1995 film by Kathryn Bigelow
Film Classification. Archived from the original on September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2021. "Strange Days". Australian Classification Board
Strange_Days_(film)
Medical imaging technique
short-bore and cryogen-free high temperature superconducting magnet system for 14 T whole-body MRI". Superconductor Science and Technology. 34 (12): 125005
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
2011 book by Michio Kaku
fuel their economy. Kaku ranks the civilization of the future, with classifications based on energy consumption, entropy, and information processing. Kaku
Physics_of_the_Future
Research of materials
are generally grouped into three basic classifications: ceramics, metals, and polymers. This broad classification is based on the empirical makeup and atomic
Materials_science
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
Fusion plasma in China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak.
Nuclear_fusion
Type of particle accelerator
in separate sections, separated by gaps without field. Superconducting cyclotron "Superconducting" in the cyclotron context refers to the type of magnet
Cyclotron
1990 American romantic comedy film
Graynamore needs "bubaru", a mineral essential for manufacturing superconductors. There are deposits of it on the tiny Pacific island of Waponi Woo
Joe_Versus_the_Volcano
Chemical element with atomic number 90 (Th)
however impurities and dopants can affect this value. It becomes superconductive below 1.4 K. Thorium's melting point of 1750 °C is above both those
Thorium
Most advanced technology available
1971 article used the abbreviated form, "high tech". A widely used classification of high-technological industries was provided by the OECD in 2006. It
High_tech
Type of crystal structure
U3+ ion occupies the A site. Many high temperature superconductors, especially cuprate superconductor, adopt defect perovskite structures. The prime example
Perovskite_(structure)
Theory of subatomic structure
the classification of finite simple groups, a mathematical theorem that provides a list of all possible finite simple groups. This classification theorem
String_theory
Computer programming for quantum computers
instructions are specific to a given hardware platform, e.g. ion traps or superconducting qubits. Blackbird is a quantum instruction set and intermediate representation
Quantum_programming
Method of spatial measurement using laser
in robotics for the perception of the environment as well as object classification. The ability of lidar technology to provide three-dimensional elevation
Lidar
Any of the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium
needed] The REE geochemical classification is usually done on the basis of their atomic weight. One of the most common classifications divides REE into 3 groups:
Rare-earth_element
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
engineering include active filter design, stray field reduction in superconducting magnetic energy storage systems, space mapping design of microwave
Mathematical_optimization
Type of neutron star with a strong magnetic field
configuration. These fields then persist due to persistent currents in a proton-superconductor phase of matter that exists at an intermediate depth within the neutron
Magnetar
Hydraulic binder used in the composition of mortar and concrete
Multimeter Oscilloscope Semiconductor Diode Integrated circuit Transistor Superconductor Computer Artificial intelligence Hardware CPU GPU Modem Motherboard
Cement
Device to couple energy between circuits
main disadvantages are higher cost and limited power capacity (see Classification parameters below). Because of the lack of a residual gap in the magnetic
Transformer
Sulfide mineral
is a superconductor with a critical temperature is 1.6 K. The framework of CuS3 / CuS2 allow for an electron excess that facilitate superconduction during
Covellite
Mixture of an insoluble substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance
structure Plasma Insulator Mott insulator Semiconductor Semimetal Conductor Superconductor Thermoelectric Piezoelectric Ferroelectric Topological insulator Spin
Colloid
Watercraft capable of independent underwater operation
Multimeter Oscilloscope Semiconductor Diode Integrated circuit Transistor Superconductor Computer Artificial intelligence Hardware CPU GPU Modem Motherboard
Submarine
South Korean public research university
being operated with an annex library. The library uses the American LC Classification Schedule. The library underwent expansion and remodeling, which finished
KAIST
Field of chemistry
inorganic chemistry focuses on the classification of compounds based on their properties. Partly the classification focuses on the position in the periodic
Inorganic_chemistry
experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively." Ivar Giaever Brian David Josephson United Kingdom "For
List of Nobel laureates in Physics
List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics
Strongest type of permanent magnet from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron
sintered NdFeB magnets, there is a widely recognized international classification. Their values range from N28 up to N55 with a theoretical maximum at
Neodymium_magnet
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
biodegradable plastics, engineering plastics and elastomers. One important classification of plastics is the degree to which the chemical processes used to make
Plastic
Interdisciplinary research area
outcome of the measurement of a qubit reveals the result of a binary classification task. While many proposals of QML algorithms are still purely theoretical
Quantum_machine_learning
Russian-American physicist (born 1963)
in two dimensions he proposed the "16-fold way" classification of certain topological superconductors. The so-called E 8 {\displaystyle E_{8}} state introduced
Alexei_Kitaev
Object or material which allows the flow of electric charge with little energy loss
current transferred. Conduction materials include metals, electrolytes, superconductors, semiconductors, plasmas and some nonmetallic conductors such as graphite
Electrical_conductor
Mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by currents in the brain
in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers. Arrays of SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices) are currently the most common magnetometer
Magnetoencephalography
Physical implementation of an artificial neural network with optical components
lasers, integrated photonic modulators, optoelectronic systems based on superconducting Josephson junctions or systems based on resonant tunnelling diodes
Optical_neural_network
Topologically stable solution of a partial differential equation
theme. Vortices in superfluids and pinned vortex tubes in type-II superconductors provide examples of circle-map type topological solitons in fluids
Topological_defect
Mobile equipment that transports people, animals or cargo
trailer categories are defined according to the following international classification: Category M: passenger vehicles. Category N: motor vehicles for the
Vehicle
Crystalline form of carbon
mixture of graphite and slag. The best recovery process uses hydraulic classification (which utilizes a flow of water to separate minerals by specific gravity:
Graphite
Theoretical framework in physics
spontaneous symmetry breaking was a result of Yoichiro Nambu's application of superconductor theory to elementary particles, while the concept of renormalization
Quantum_field_theory
Chemical element with atomic number 82 (Pb)
15 nΩ·m). Lead becomes a superconductor below 7.19 K, which is the highest critical temperature among type-I superconductors and the third highest among
Lead
Chemical element with atomic number 23 (V)
and 4% vanadium. Several vanadium alloys show superconducting behavior. The first A15 phase superconductor was a vanadium compound, V3Si, which was discovered
Vanadium
Research scientist at George Mason University
turned out to be the superconductor, was YBa2Cu3O7−δ. Mao and Hazen determined that the crystal structure of the superconducting phase was like that of
Robert_Hazen
Italian multinational energy company
scale prototype of a magnet based on HTS (High Temperature Superconductors) superconductors. The experiment demonstrated for the first time that it is
Eni
Elementary particle with negative charge
2022-02-24. Trenn, T.J. (1976). "Rutherford on the Alpha-Beta-Gamma Classification of Radioactive Rays". Isis. 67 (1): 61–75. doi:10.1086/351545. JSTOR 231134
Electron
Degree to which a material becomes magnetized in an applied magnetic field
volume) to the applied magnetic field intensity H. This allows a simple classification, into two categories, of most materials' responses to an applied magnetic
Magnetic_susceptibility
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center NMR QC Superconducting Charge qubit Flux qubit Phase qubit Transmon Quantum programming OpenQASM–Qiskit–IBM
Quantum_information_science
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
C & Goldman AM 1998, 'Thickness-Magnetic Field Phase Diagram at the Superconductor-Insulator Transition in 2D', Physical Review Letters, vol. 81, no. 23
Metalloid
Concept in quantum information theory
; Jozsa, Richard; Wootters, William K. (November 1993). "A complete classification of quantum ensembles having a given density matrix". Physics Letters
Quantum_state_purification
Branch of ordinary differential equations
driven quantum systems are often examined using Floquet theory. In superconducting circuits, Floquet framework has been leveraged to shed light on the
Floquet_theory
Chemical element with atomic number 77 (Ir)
has the 10th highest boiling point among all elements and becomes a superconductor at temperatures below 0.14 K (−273.010 °C; −459.418 °F). Iridium's modulus
Iridium
Pure copper without oxygen in its crystal lattice
(sputtering) processes, including the manufacture of semiconductors and superconductor components, as well as in other ultra-high vacuum devices such as particle
Oxygen-free_copper
Type of topological order in condensed matter physics
topological insulator/superconductor. Using the notions of quantum entanglement and SPT order, one can obtain a complete classification of all 1D gapped quantum
Symmetry-protected topological order
Symmetry-protected_topological_order
Extended physical object in string theory
Electrical conduction, Phonon, Magnetism, Self-organization, Semiconductor, superconductor, superfluidity, Spin Astrophysics Astronomy, Astrometry, Cosmology,
Brane
Public university in East Lansing, Michigan, US
the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020. "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". Center for Postsecondary Education. Archived from
Michigan_State_University
Topics referred to by the same term
Side-scattered light, a parameter of flow cytometry Spatial Synoptic Classification system, which is a way of diagnosing the climate of a location using
SSC
Prize awarded by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics
inelastic processes (Altarelli-Parisi equations), the proposal of the superconductor's flux confinement model as a mechanism for quark confinement, the use
Dirac_Medal_(ICTP)
City in Texas, United States
and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, Waxahachie has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps. As
Waxahachie,_Texas
Russia / United States "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" Vitaly Ginzburg Russia 2004 David Gross United States
List of Jewish Nobel laureates
List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates
Collection of models with the same renormalization group flow limit
continuous, hence it is an infinite-order transition in the Ehrenfest classification. The thermodynamic quantities do not show power-law singularities, as
Universality_class
Series of chemical elements
as 'earlier' or 'later', respectively. When described in a two-way classification scheme, early transition metals are on the left side of the d-block
Transition_metal
Applications of machine learning to quantum physics
algorithmic learning can be fruitfully applied to tackle quantum state classification, Hamiltonian learning, and the characterization of an unknown unitary
Machine_learning_in_physics
Class of extremely unreactive, inert and fire-resistant polymers
different classes of LCPs, different prefixes are used to help the classification of LCPs. Main chain liquid crystal polymers (MCLCPs) have liquid crystal
Liquid-crystal_polymer
Topics referred to by the same term
"false negative" error Type II lattice Type II string theory Type-II superconductor Type II supernova Type 2 sequence Activin type 2 receptors Atelosteogenesis
Type_2
Iron ore mineral
1073/pnas.89.16.7683. PMC 49775. PMID 1502184. Using an ultrasensitive superconducting magnetometer in a clean-lab environment, we have detected the presence
Magnetite
Archived from the original on 19 September 2013. "Graphite (C) - Classifications, Properties and Applications of Graphite". AZoM.com. 10 September 2002
List of thermal conductivities
List_of_thermal_conductivities
William Cullen (1776) The book became 'Europe's principal text on the classification and treatment of disease' The first postcards and picture postcards
List of British innovations and discoveries
List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries
based on inputs from 604 studies. 26 November – The WHO announces the classification of the Omicron variant as a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. The variant
2021_in_science
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SUPERCONDUCTOR CLASSIFICATION