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The substructure of a building transfers the load of the building, bridge, or other structure to the ground and isolates it horizontally from the ground
Substructure_(engineering)
Topics referred to by the same term
up substructure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Substructure may refer to: Substructure (engineering) Substructure (mathematics) Substructure (marxist
Substructure
Modelling technique in mechanical engineering
substructuring (DS) is an engineering tool used to model and analyse the dynamics of mechanical systems by means of its components or substructures.
Dynamic_substructuring
English engineer (1724–1792)
Retrieved 17 March 2009. "Eddystone Lighthouse, Smeaton Tower substructure". Engineering Timelines. Retrieved 31 January 2017. Morris, A. M. A. (2021)
John_Smeaton
Structure built to span physical obstacles
"Bearings". In Chen, Wai-Fah; Duan, Lian (eds.). Bridge Engineering Handbook. Vol 3. Substructure Design (Second ed.). CRC Press. pp. 1–34. ISBN 9781439852309
Bridge
Study of earthquake-resistant structures
Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes
Earthquake_engineering
Support of a statue or a vase
buildings)[citation needed]. It transmits loads from superstructure to the substructure and acts as the retaining wall for the filling inside the plinth or raised
Pedestal
Problem optimization method
optimal solutions to the sub-problems, then it is said to have optimal substructure. If sub-problems can be nested recursively inside larger problems, so
Dynamic_programming
Upward extension of an existing structure or ship
contrast, the abutment, piers, and other support structures are called the 'substructure'. In order to improve the response during earthquakes of buildings and
Superstructure
Residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
this source, which is in the public domain. "The Bryant Building Substructure". Engineering Record. Vol. 61. May 21, 1910. pp. 665–667. This article incorporates
Liberty_Tower_(Manhattan)
Topics referred to by the same term
times. A structure (mathematical logic) of which another structure is a substructure. A key concept in Marxist philosophy, see base and superstructure. Megastructure
Superstructure (disambiguation)
Superstructure_(disambiguation)
Structural engineering discipline
elements of a bridge are generally divided into the superstructure and the substructure. The superstructure consists of most of the visible parts of a bridge
Bridge_design
Private university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US
Tower was built utilizing the Roy W. Johnson Residence Hall (RWJ) as a substructure; with the original RWJ having been completed in 1965, and the renovations
Milwaukee School of Engineering
Milwaukee_School_of_Engineering
Engineering college in Davangere, India
design of structures and substructures Computer Science and Engineering Digital Communication and Networking Environmental Engineering Machine Design Power
University B.D.T. College of Engineering
University_B.D.T._College_of_Engineering
This glossary of engineering terms is a list of definitions about the major concepts of engineering. Please see the bottom of the page for glossaries of
Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L
Archeological site in Egypt
relevant precedent is found at Saqqara mastaba S3038 (c. 2900 BC). The substructure lay in a 4 m (13 ft) deep rectangular pit, and had mudbrick walls rising
Pyramid_of_Djoser
List of definitions of terms and concepts related to civil engineering
and approaches zero as the path length approaches zero. abutment The substructure at either end of a bridge span or dam whereon the structure's superstructure
Glossary_of_civil_engineering
Type of numerical method
Non-overlapping domain decomposition methods are also called iterative substructuring methods. Mortar methods are discretization methods for partial differential
Domain_decomposition_methods
Bridge in New Westminster , Surrey
Transportation. February 2006. Retrieved December 14, 2024. "Substructure". Engineering News. The New Westminster bridge over the Fraser River, British
New_Westminster_Bridge
Construction substructure
An abutment is the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam supporting its superstructure. Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that
Abutment
Bridge connecting Bandra Basitt and Worli, Mumbai, India
joints are provided at each end of the units. The superstructure and substructure are designed in accordance with IRC codes. Specifications conform to
Bandra–Worli_Sea_Link
Mapping of mathematical formulas to a particular meaning
substructure of the real numbers, and the real numbers form a substructure of the complex numbers. The rational numbers are the smallest substructure
Structure (mathematical logic)
Structure_(mathematical_logic)
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References Abutment – refers to the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam whereon the structure's superstructure
Glossary of structural engineering
Glossary_of_structural_engineering
Oil and gas field in the North Sea
Fabrication substructure Norwegian Contractors Stavanger Norwegian Contractors Stavanger Norwegian Contractors Stavanger Topsides design Aker Engineering and
Gullfaks_oil_field
Charles River overpass
overconsolidated up to a depth of approximately 70 feet (20 m; 10 sm). The substructure originally consisted of two masonry abutments and twenty-three masonry
Harvard_Bridge
United Kingdom professional body
a substructure of committees, groups and panels of members, which undertake the work of the Institute. The Institute is licensed by the Engineering Council
Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine
Institute_of_Physics_and_Engineering_in_Medicine
Large crane vessel built 2013
controlled transfer of a topsides' weight from the vessel to a platform substructure. Allseas developed the original idea to include steel jacket installation
Pioneering_Spirit
Bridge in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Company built the superstructure, while the Foundation Company built the substructure. All three bridges are owned by Allegheny County. From 1926 through 1931
Three_Sisters_(Pittsburgh)
Bridge in Chongqing, China
longest one hundred in the world. The substructure was built by China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co. Ltd. The superstructure
Twin River Bridges (Chongqing)
Twin_River_Bridges_(Chongqing)
British civil engineering contractor
John Doyle Group was a British civil engineering contractor, specialising in substructure, superstructure, basements and infrastructure works. The company
John_Doyle_Group
Medicine focused on hereditary disorders
and account for population substructure, but these methods can be difficult to apply in practice. Population substructure also can be used to advantage
Medical_genetics
Suspension bridge in Michigan, US
Scott Corporation of New York was awarded the contract for all major substructure work for $25.7 million (equivalent to $240 million in 2024), while the
Mackinac_Bridge
Set of two bridges running parallel to each other
are independent structures and each bridge has its own superstructure, substructure, and foundation. Bridges of this type are often created by building a
Twin_bridges
South Korean shipbuilding company
contract from Danish utility Ørsted to supply it with offshore wind power substructures for its planned power complex in Changhua, Taiwan. Choe, Sang-Hun (January
HSG_Sungdong
Ancient Greek sculpture by Phidias
chryselephantine sculpture, made with ivory and gold panels on a wooden substructure. No copy in marble or bronze has survived, though there are recognizable
Statue_of_Zeus_at_Olympia
that make skyscrapers special is their substructure. For example, the depth of the pit that holds the substructure has to reach all the way to bedrock.
Skyscraper design and construction
Skyscraper_design_and_construction
Bridge
Greiner Company, with the Vang Construction Company as contractors of the substructure; the J.E. Moss Iron Works and the Mt. Vernon Bridge Company as co-contractors
Bellaire_Bridge
Bridge collapse in Sweetwater, Florida
the main span adjacent to the area that failed and affixed to the same substructure that the failing main span diaphragm sat upon.[citation needed] The FIGG
Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse
Florida_International_University_pedestrian_bridge_collapse
Classification system for building information
Ground, substructure (10) (11) Ground (12) (13) Floor beds (14) (15) (16) Retaining walls, foundations (17) Pile foundations (18) Other substructure elements
CI/SfB
FETI method (finite element tearing and interconnect) is an iterative substructuring method for solving systems of linear equations from the finite element
FETI
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021. "NYT Building Statistics". Penn State Engineering. August 23, 2004. Archived from the original on May 30, 2010. Retrieved
The_New_York_Times_Building
Bridge in Louisiana, U.S.
the superstructure condition rating: satisfactory (6 out of 9), the substructure condition rating: satisfactory (6 out of 9), and the sufficiency rating:
Atchafalaya_Basin_Bridge
Concrete structures used in offshore marine environments
Sea Tank (with two or four columns) C G Doris Arup Concrete Gravity Substructure (CGS) Condeep refers to a make of gravity base structure for oil platforms
Offshore_concrete_structure
Substance added to a system to cause a chemical reaction
PMC 4465542. PMID 25163000. Baell, JB; Holloway, GA (8 April 2010). "New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from
Reagent
Estimation of the cost of a project
divisions of the UNIFORMAT II classification system. The 7 divisions are: A Substructure B Shell C Interiors D Services E Equipment & Furnishings F Special Construction
Cost_estimate
Type of bridge
A rigid-frame bridge is a bridge in which the superstructure and substructure are rigidly connected to act as a continuous unit. Typically, the structure
Rigid-frame_bridge
Former development in New York City
buildings were underway by early 1907, and the first columns for the substructure were placed in May 1907. Because of the presence of wet soil in the area
Hudson_Terminal
Ros, Karen E. (1996). "The Roman Theater at Carthage (the theater's substructures, plan and the identification of architectural elements)". American Journal
Ancient_Roman_architecture
Trackbed upon which railway ties are laid
Transportation Engineering. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-139122-3. Selig, Ernest Theodore; Waters, John M. (1994). Track Geotechnology and Substructure Management
Track_ballast
Reduction in the dislocation density of a material's grains
throughout coarsening. Callister, William D. (2007). Materials Science and Engineering, An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9780471736967. RD Doherty;
Recovery_(metallurgy)
American computer scientist and educator
computational biology, including graph-based approaches for detecting population substructure and methods related to phylogenetic tree estimation. Rao was named a
Satish_B._Rao
Failed suspension bridge in Washington, US
2022). The cable anchorages, tower pedestals and most of the remaining substructure were relatively undamaged in the collapse, and were reused during construction
Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_(1940)
Solution used for paper pulping
white liquor breaks the chemical bonds between lignin and cellulose substructures in wood materials.[citation needed] It is referred to as white liquor
White_liquor
Means of protecting a structure against earthquake
elements which should substantially decouple a superstructure from its substructure that is in turn resting on the shaking ground, thus protecting a building
Seismic_base_isolation
Communications and observation tower in Toronto, Canada
glass falling off from heavy winds. The CN Tower consists of several substructures. The main portion of the tower is a hollow concrete hexagonal pillar
CN_Tower
Development approach in manufacturing industry
van der Vlak, P.L.C.; Rixen, D.J. (2011). "A Truly Hybrid Approach to Substructuring Problems Using Mixed Assembly and Implicit Solving Strategies". Linking
Predictive engineering analytics
Predictive_engineering_analytics
Historic bridge in Chattanooga, Tennessee, US
which was a prolific late 19th-century bridge builder. The bridge's substructure was constructed by Neeley, Smith, and Company of Chattanooga. Most of
Walnut Street Bridge (Chattanooga)
Walnut_Street_Bridge_(Chattanooga)
Detail hidden to optical microscopes
organization of cells. This new area of research concerned itself with substructure, also known as the ultrastructure. Many scientists use ultrastructural
Ultrastructure
Necessary condition for optimality associated with dynamic programming
a problem that can be broken apart like this is said to have optimal substructure. In the context of dynamic game theory, this principle is analogous to
Bellman_equation
Bridge built of girders placed on bridge abutments and foundation piers
larger application potential. All bridges consist of two main parts: the substructure, and the superstructure. The superstructure is everything from the bearing
Girder_bridge
Effects from freeze and thaw cycles
high magnifications, more can be learnt about the fractured object's substructure and the changes in the object that occur during freezing. When imaging
Freeze-fracture
Skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
its upward thrust. This was influenced by Aus's belief that, "From an engineering point of view, no structure is beautiful where the lines of strength
Woolworth_Building
Frequencies in coupled oscillators
379W. doi:10.1006/jsvi.1998.1831. Sjövall, P.; Abrahamsson, T. (2008). "Substructure system identification from coupled system test data". Mechanical Systems
Antiresonance
Resting surface between the piers and deck of a bridge
components of bridges. They transfer forces from bridge superstructure to substructure. Mainly two types of loads: Vertical Loads such as the structure's weight
Bridge_bearing
Bridge in Deer Isle, Maine
low cost, despite the extreme[clarification needed] conditions. The substructure, in particular, employed prefabrication at an unprecedented level. Instead
Deer_Isle_Bridge
Television transmitted over a computer network
name "WebTV" in 2011. Türk Telekom started building the fibre optic substructure for IPTV in late 2007. IPTV has been widely used since around 2002[citation
Internet_Protocol_television
Bridge in Kentucky and Cairo, Illinois
the structure exceeded $2.6 million, with nearly $1.2 million for the substructure alone. In order to comply with regulations meant to allow steam boat
Cairo_Rail_Bridge
Type of wind turbine
provides the station keeping capability and ensures stability of the substructure and turbine. There are three mooring systems for floating offshore wind:
Floating_wind_turbine
Historic water tower in Ypsilanti, Michigan
The tower is 147 feet (45 m) tall, has an 85-foot (26 m) base. The substructure walls taper from a thickness of 40 inches (100 cm) at the bottom to 24
Ypsilanti_Water_Tower
be locally solved, before being implemented in the global problem. Substructuring a problem by means of superelements may facilitate the division of labor
Superelement
FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C.
delays in obtaining congressional funding meant that only the three-story substructure was complete by 1970. Work on the superstructure began in May 1971. These
J._Edgar_Hoover_Building
Building material
heat the roofs constantly face. This tropical heat causes the steel substructure that supports many roofs in that part of the world, to continuously expand
Spray_foam
Topics referred to by the same term
Single-serving site, a website composed of one page that serves one purpose Substructure search, a method to retrieve from a database chemicals matching a given
SSS
paint), damping materials, medical devices, molding compounds, and in engineering plastics. While many benefits come from the enhanced mechanical properties
Interpenetrating polymer network
Interpenetrating_polymer_network
Earthwork or mound intended to support a structure or activity
pyramidal, forming a frustum. The indigenous peoples of North America built substructure mounds for well over a thousand years, starting in the Archaic period
Platform_mound
morphology that has been suggested to be evidence of the spread of a substructured population of at least two different Native American source populations
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
and other academic units. The faculties have varying organisational substructures that partly reflect their respective histories and the university's
Schools of the University of Cambridge
Schools_of_the_University_of_Cambridge
Elementary particle with negative charge
to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. An electron's mass is approximately 1/1836 that of a proton. Quantum
Electron
Heavy equipment used in surface mining and dredging
allows the cutting boom a certain degree of verticality. Likewise have a substructure equipped with either a rail or crawler-mounted undercarriage for mobility
Bucket_chain_excavator
Standardized language on architecture description
several disciplines: system engineering, software engineering, and enterprise modelling and engineering. The system engineering community uses an architecture
Architecture description language
Architecture_description_language
Pre-Columbian Maya city in Mexico
modeling and multimodal scanning in 2025 has revealed an earlier pyramid substructure, deemed "Castillo-sub", that is enclosed within the larger "El Castillo"
Chichen_Itza
Building in Manhattan, New York
(1978). "The Impact of the IRT in New York City" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record. p. 182. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 17, 2021
One_Times_Square
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
Eastern Offices was under the purview of the Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, which would later collaborate on the construction of Rockefeller
Graybar_Building
Rigid three-dimensional load-bearing truss structure
Space plane covers: These spatial structures are composed of planar substructures. Their behavior is similar to that of a plate in which the deflections
Space_frame
Construction standard
its Table 21 Elements. The numbering system is changed in OmniClass. A SUBSTRUCTURE B SHELL C INTERIORS D SERVICES E EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS F SPECIAL
Uniformat
Water distribution structure in Olympia, West Greece Region, Greece
distant elevated terrain, say a stream or copious springs. This one had substructures, statues, and ornately patterned stonework; its main purpose, however
Nymphaeum_(Olympia)
Suspension bridge in England
Clugston Construction of Scunthorpe, opening in 1978. Work on the bridge substructure (foundations) began in March 1973. To reduce heat of hydration in the
Humber_Bridge
Railroad bridge in Pennsylvania, U.S.
mid-construction, 80,000 cubic yards (61,000 m3) of concrete had gone into its substructures, and it was estimated that construction would require 169,000 cubic
Tunkhannock_Viaduct
in Vietnam — Bridge Design and Substructure Construction —". Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow. Nippon Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd.: 10–13. Morandi
List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans
List_of_longest_cable-stayed_bridge_spans
Heritage – listed road bridge in Cookstown, Queensland, Australia
saying it offered good holding for piers, being affordable at low water. Engineering drawings were drafted and on 30 May through to June 1885, the Government
Annan_River_Bridge
Ballistic missile with a range of more than 5,500 kilometres
design, warhead components are contained within an aluminium honeycomb substructure, sheathed in a pyrolytic carbon-epoxy synthetic resin composite material
Intercontinental ballistic missile
Intercontinental_ballistic_missile
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
Gottlieb, Eli (2004). "A Tale of Two Towers; The Structures". Civil Engineering Magazine. Vol. 74, no. 6. American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 39
Times_Square_Tower
X-shaped support substructure
X-shaped support substructure
Cross_bracing
Skyscraper complex in Milan, Italy
screen facade made of porcelain stoneware slabs (55×120×1.4 cm). The substructure is composed of aluminum uprights. Similarly, the walls separating the
Bosco_Verticale
Proposed particle accelerator
searched for at masses up to 15–20 TeV and the search for a possible substructure inside quarks can be extended down to distance scales of 10−21 m . Due
Future_Circular_Collider
American particle physicist
physics" and has made major contributions towards understanding the substructure of jets of particles. His work uses machine learning to interpret the
Jesse_Thaler
building which should substantially decouple a superstructure from its substructure resting on a shaking ground. It also requires creating a rigidity diaphragm
Seismic_vibration_control
Islamic religious complex atop the Temple Mount in Jerusalem
the west by constructing huge substructures, on which they then built on a large scale. The Mamluk-period substructures and over-ground buildings are
Al-Aqsa
Attempts to locate oil and gas
and using the process of depth conversion to create a profile of the substructure. Finally, when a prospect has been identified and evaluated and passes
Hydrocarbon_exploration
Road and railway bridge connecting Sweden and Denmark
the bridge and to accommodate movements between the superstructure and substructure, it has bearings weighing up to 20 t (44,000 lb) each, capable of bearing
Øresund_Bridge
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Latin
Springtime; Mistress; Relating to Spring Time
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Thankful; Variant of Shukriyya
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Muslim
Well spoken
Girl/Female
Muslim
Blessings, Loans
Male
Greek
(ΤÏίτωνος) Variant form of Greek Triton, TRITONOS means "of the third."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Ready to offer boons
Male
English
Short form of English Douglas, DOUG means "black stream."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Infinite, Endless
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The Prophet of Repentance
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
SUBSTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
n.
A person skilled in the principles and practice of any branch of engineering. See under Engineering, n.
n.
That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.
n.
Structures in civil, military, or naval engineering, as docks, bridges, embankments, trenches, fortifications, and the like; also, the structures and grounds of a manufacturing establishment; as, iron works; locomotive works; gas works.
n.
Same as Substruction.
n.
A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a terrace wall.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Engineer
a.
The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See Base, n., 3 (a).) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively.
n.
The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course (see Base course (a), under Base, n.) and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.
n.
An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.
v. t.
To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations.
n.
A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.
n.
A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
n.
any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism are also used, some of which are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.
n.
Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and machines; the occupation and work of an engineer.