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Protein found in mammals
Steroid 11β-hydroxylase, also known as steroid 11β-monooxygenase, is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of the adrenal
Steroid_11β-hydroxylase
Class of enzymes involved in steroid synthesis
A steroid hydroxylase is a class of hydroxylase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. Steroidogenic enzyme Steroidogenesis Steroid nomenclature
Steroid_hydroxylase
Human enzyme that hydroxylates steroids
Steroid 21-hydroxylase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP21A2 gene. The protein is an enzyme that hydroxylates steroids at the C21 position
21-Hydroxylase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved
Aldosterone_synthase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
P450 17A1 (steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, 17,20-desmolase) is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in
CYP17A1
Class of steroid hormones
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, and also their synthetic analogues. The two main
Corticosteroid
Medical condition
androgen, resulting from a defect in the gene encoding the enzyme steroid 11β-hydroxylase (11β-OH) which mediates the final step of cortisol synthesis in
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_11β-hydroxylase_deficiency
Type of enzyme
synthesis Steroid hydroxylases 11β-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis 17α-Hydroxylase – androgen and glucocorticoid synthesis 18-Hydroxylase (aldosterone
Steroidogenic_enzyme
Medical condition
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired production of cortisol in the adrenal
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_21-hydroxylase_deficiency
Enzyme that metabolizes substances by oxidation
that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of steroids (including cholesterol), and other lipids. The CYP3A4 protein localizes
CYP3A4
Medical condition
endoplasmic reticulum of the steroid-producing cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads. CYP17A1 functions as both a 17α-hydroxylase and a 17,20-lyase. The dual
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_17α-hydroxylase_deficiency
class is steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (17alpha-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase, cytochrome
Steroid_17alpha-monooxygenase
Side effect of anabolic steroid use
group of lab rats who were administered anabolic steroids showed no difference in tyrosine hydroxylase compared to regular lab rats but the caudate putamen
Roid_rage
Enzyme involved in estrogen production
(December 2001). "Role of aromatase in endometrial disease". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 79 (1–5): 19–25. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00134-0
Aromatase
Polycyclic organic compound having sterane as a core structure
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration. Steroids have two principal
Steroid
Mammalian protein found in humans
1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD 1A hydroxylase) also known as calcidiol 1-monooxygenase or cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase
25-Hydroxyvitamin_D_1-alpha-hydroxylase
Medical condition
mutations in genes affecting other enzymes involved in steroid metabolism, like 11β-hydroxylase or 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. It has a prevalence
Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Late_onset_congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia
Protein-coding gene in humans
originally identified as a regulator of genes encoding cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases, however, further roles in endocrine function have since been discovered
Steroidogenic_factor_1
Primary female sex hormone
estrogens nevertheless have important physiological roles in males. Like all steroid hormones, estrogens readily diffuse across the cell membrane. Once inside
Estrogen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase also known as oxysterol and steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7B1
CYP7B1
Class of enzymes
DJ (1993). "The lithocholic acid 6 beta-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450, CYP 3A10, is an active catalyst of steroid-hormone 6 beta-hydroxylation". Biochem
Lithocholate 6beta-hydroxylase
Lithocholate_6beta-hydroxylase
Protein-coding gene in humans
aromatic hydrocarbons. CYP1A1 is also known as AHH (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase). It is involved in the metabolic activation of aromatic hydrocarbons
CYP1A1
Endocrine disorder
long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells
Addison's_disease
Class of chemical compounds
amount of adrenal steroid can be a sign for various health problems and treatments can lead to significant complications. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a
Adrenal_steroid
Medical condition
mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzyme has steroid 18-hydroxylase activity to synthesize aldosterone and other steroids. Aldosterone synthase is found within
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
Glucocorticoid_remediable_aldosteronism
Chemical compound
endogenous steroid related to cortisol (11β,17α,21-trihydroxyprogesterone) which is formed as a metabolite from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone via 11β-hydroxylase. 21-deoxycortisol
21-Deoxycortisol
Drug class
anti-prostate cancer drug, also inhibits the 21-hydroxylase activity of CYP21A2". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 174: 192–200
CYP17A1_inhibitor
Precursor of an insect hormone
20-monooxygenase: Characterization of an insect cytochrome P-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 15 (3): 111–133. doi:10
Ecdysone
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
with steroid 21-hydroxylase (encoded by the gene CYP21A2) enzyme deficiency. Barnard et al. in 2017 demonstrated metabolic pathways from C 21 steroids to
Androgen_backdoor_pathway
List of Cytochrome P450 enzymes
mitochondrial membrane of adrenal cortex has steroid 11β-hydroxylase, steroid 18-hydroxylase, and steroid 18-methyloxidase activities. CYP11B2 (encoding
Cytochrome P450 (individual enzymes)
Cytochrome_P450_(individual_enzymes)
Mammalian protein found in humans
many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and
CYP2C19
Human enzyme
Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
Tyrosine_hydroxylase
Genetic disorders of the adrenal gland
21-hydroxylase present many of the same management challenges, as 21-hydroxylase deficiency, but some involve mineralocorticoid excess or sex steroid deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia
Gene of the species Homo sapiens
drugs (and other xenobiotics) as well as in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The CYP2J2 contains the following domains: • Hydrophobic
CYP2J2
Medical condition
An inborn error of steroid metabolism is an inborn error of metabolism due to defects in steroid metabolism.[citation needed] A variety of conditions
Inborn errors of steroid metabolism
Inborn_errors_of_steroid_metabolism
Protein found in humans
O, Rautio A, Raunio H, Pasanen M (2000). "CYP2A6: a human coumarin 7-hydroxylase". Toxicology. 144 (1–3): 139–47. Bibcode:2000Toxgy.144..139P. doi:10
CYP2A6
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. CYP2R1 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver (the microsomal fraction). It has 25-hydroxylase activity
CYP2R1
Chemical compound
17α-hydroxylase (encoded by CYP17A1). 17α-OHP increases in the third trimester of pregnancy primarily due to fetal adrenal production. This steroid is
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
Enzyme found in humans
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
Cholesterol_7_alpha-hydroxylase
Human liver enzyme
flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen steroid hydroxylase activity monooxygenase activity Cellular component organelle membrane
CYP2D6
Protein-coding gene in humans
encoding a cytochrome P450 oxidase, and is commonly known as sterol 27-hydroxylase. This enzyme is located in many different tissues where it is found within
CYP27A1
Enzyme protein
many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum
CYP2C9
Enzyme
11beta-hydroxylase, steroid 11beta/18-hydroxylase, and oxygenase, steroid 11beta -mono-. This enzyme participates in c21-steroid hormone metabolism and
Steroid_11beta-monooxygenase
Chemical compound
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). The steroid 11β-OHP has been known since 1987 to occur at increased levels in 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A study in 2017 has
11β-Hydroxyprogesterone
Endocrine gland
other adrenal steroids instead. The most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 21-hydroxylase is necessary
Adrenal_gland
Steroid 15beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.8, cytochrome P-450meg, cytochrome P450meg, steroid 15beta-hydroxylase, CYP106A2, BmCYP106A2) is an enzyme with
Steroid_15beta-monooxygenase
Chemical reaction which adds an –OH group to an organic compound
into dopamine. 17α-Hydroxylase Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase Dopamine β-hydroxylase Phenylalanine hydroxylase Tyrosine hydroxylase Hydroxylations are
Hydroxylation
Drug class
A steroidogenesis inhibitor, also known as a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, is a type of drug which inhibits one or more of the enzymes that are involved
Steroidogenesis_inhibitor
Species of fungus
alpha-steroid hydroxylase from R. oryzae which can be used to perform the 11 alpha-hydroxylation of the steroid skeleton which has simplified steroid drug
Rhizopus_oryzae
Chemical compound
(2016). "Adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated 19-carbon steroids are the dominant androgens in classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Eur J Endocrinol. 174 (5): 601–609
11β-Hydroxytestosterone
Layer of adrenal cortex
17α-hydroxylase; this hydroxylates pregnenolone, which is then converted to cortisol by a mixed function oxidase. Deficiency of 17α-hydroxylase results
Zona_reticularis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum;
CYP2A7
following the search for a common regulator of the cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylase enzyme family. This receptor is a pivotal transcriptional regulator
Genetics_of_infertility
Chemical compound
group at the position 25-carbon of a steroid nucleus. This reaction is catalyzed by cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, a family of enzymes that use oxygen and
25-Hydroxycholesterol
Chemical compound
Cortisol 18-Hydroxycorticosterone 18-Oxocortisol Aldosterone synthase Steroid 11β-hydroxylase 6β-Hydroxycortisol Jin S, Wada N, Takahashi Y, Hui SP, Sakurai
18-Hydroxycortisol
Chemical compound
metabolism of C21 steroids (pregnanes) via enzymes such as steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), steroid 5α-reductase (SRD5A1), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
5α-Pregnane-3α,11β-diol-20-one
5α-Pregnane-3α,11β-diol-20-one
Enzyme
20-monooxygenase: characterization of an insect cytochrome p-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 15 (3): 111–133. doi:10
Ecdysone_20-monooxygenase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum.
CYP2S1
Chemical compound
synthesized from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by 21-hydroxylase and is converted to cortisol by 11β-hydroxylase. 11-Deoxycortisol in mammals has limited biological
11-Deoxycortisol
Chemical compound
pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens
Pregnenolone
Iron–sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in metabolic reactions
(June 2002). "A new electron transport mechanism in mitochondrial steroid hydroxylase systems based on structural changes upon the reduction of adrenodoxin"
Ferredoxin
include androstene-3,17-dione hydroxylase, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 17-oxidoreductase, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione hydroxylase, androstenedione monooxygenase
Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione monooxygenase
Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione_monooxygenase
Chemical compound
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), CYP11B1 (steroid 11β-hydroxylase), CYP21A2 (Steroid 21-hydroxylase), and other CYP450s (e.g., CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and
Abiraterone_acetate
Cortex of the adrenal gland
(ACTH). The cells of the zona glomerulosa do not express 11β-hydroxylase and 17α-hydroxylase. This is the reason zona glomerulosa cannot synthesize cortisol
Adrenal_cortex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 24337409. S2CID 19189811. Hardwick JP (2008). "Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylase (CYP4) function in fatty acid metabolism and metabolic diseases". Biochemical
CYP2U1
modulators, or inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes. List of steroid metabolism modulators Includes information found online including these
List of cytochrome P450 modulators
List_of_cytochrome_P450_modulators
Steroid acid in the bile of animals
a hydroxyl group of the 7th position of the steroid nucleus by the enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. This enzyme is down-regulated by cholic acid
Bile_acid
Enzyme found in humans
P450 2E1 with serine modifies the regioselectivity of its fatty acid hydroxylase activity". Journal of Biochemistry. 113 (1): 7–12. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals
CYP2E1
Chemical compound
cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase, 21-hydroxylase, or 11β-hydroxylase. Since it is not aromatized (and hence cannot
5α-Dihydronorethisterone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum but
CYP2C18
Class of enzymes
DSM 43269 3-ketosteroid 9alpha-hydroxylase, a two-component iron-sulfur-containing monooxygenase with subtle steroid substrate specificity". Applied
3-Ketosteroid 9alpha-monooxygenase
3-Ketosteroid_9alpha-monooxygenase
Chemical compound
Identification of Classical 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Should Include 21 Deoxycortisol Analysis with Appropriate Isomeric Steroid Separation". Int J Neonatal
Pregnanetriolone
Class of chemical compounds
created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosine is also ingested directly from dietary protein. Catecholamine-secreting
Catecholamine
Gene-coded protein involved in metabolism of xenobiotics
related to human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase". Biochemistry. 27 (18): 6929–40. doi:10.1021/bi00418a039. PMID 3196692
CYP2C8
Protein-coding gene in humans
many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and
CYP2B6
Class of enzymes
26-hydroxylase, 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol hydroxylase, cholestanetriol 26-hydroxylase, sterol 27-hydroxylase, sterol 26-hydroxylase,
Cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase
Cholestanetriol_26-monooxygenase
Chemical compound
This step is performed by the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) that is present in the adrenal and gonads. Peak levels are
17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
Human pseudogene related to cytochrome P450
reactions involved in drug metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. CYP2D7 is a segregating pseudogene, meaning that some
CYP2D7
Class of oxidoreductase enzymes
classified by the number of the position acted upon: Steroidogenic enzyme Steroid hydroxylase Hydroxysteroid+Dehydrogenases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase
Sex hormone
Progesterone (/proʊˈdʒɛstəroʊn/ ; P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis
Progesterone
Chemical compound
11β-Hydroxydihydrotestosterone (11OHDHT) is an endogenous steroid. Although it may not have significant androgenic activity, it may still be an important
11β-Hydroxydihydrotestosterone
11β-Hydroxydihydrotestosterone
Protein family
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.25), also commonly known as cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase, cholesterol 24-monooxygenase, CYP46, or CYP46A1, is an
Cholesterol_24-hydroxylase
Chemical compound
Kominami S, Takemori S, Colby HD (August 1991). "Role of the steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase in spironolactone-mediated destruction of adrenal cytochrome
7α-Thiospironolactone
Excessive hair growth on parts of the body where hair is usually minimal
disease). Inborn errors of steroid metabolism such as in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, most commonly caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Acromegaly and
Hirsutism
Insufficient production of steroid hormones by the adrenal glands
condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones. The adrenal glands—also referred to as the adrenal cortex—normally
Adrenal_insufficiency
deleted, steroid 11α-hydroxylase EC 1.99.1.7: deleted, Now EC 1.14.15.4, steroid 11β-monooxygenase EC 1.99.1.8: deleted, steroid 6β-hydroxylase EC 1.99
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)
Medical condition
17α-hydroxyprogesterone levels suggestive of common 21-hydroxylase deficient CAH. Measurement of the other affected steroids distinguishes the two. Second, 3β-HSD I
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_3β-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase_deficiency
in steroid hormone production from cholesterol and CYP17A1 (also known as P450c17), which catalyzes two distinct enzyme activities, 17-hydroxylase activity
Walter L. Miller (endocrinologist)
Walter_L._Miller_(endocrinologist)
Antifungal chemical compound
effect through inhibition of 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase, which are involved in the synthesis and degradation of steroids, including the precursors of
Ketoconazole
American geneticist
emphasis was on genetic steroid disorders. New continued to study three monogenic disorders: 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, and apparent
Maria_New
Medical condition
errors of steroid metabolism Disorders of sexual development Intersexuality, pseudohermaphroditism, and ambiguous genitalia Combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase
Isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency
Isolated_17,20-lyase_deficiency
Chemical compound
dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 21-hydroxylase, and 11β-hydroxylase. It has also been found to
Danazol
Chemical compound
under the brand names Contaren, Luvion, Phanurane, and Spiroletan, is a steroidal antimineralocorticoid of the spirolactone group related to spironolactone
Canrenone
Class of enzymes
to aldosterone by cytochrome P-450 11 beta-/18-hydroxylase from porcine adrenal". Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. 29 (6): 665–675. doi:10.1016/0022-4731(88)90167-7
Corticosterone 18-monooxygenase
Corticosterone_18-monooxygenase
Chemical compound
17α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, is a naturally occurring, endogenous steroid and minor intermediate and metabolite in corticosteroid metabolism. It
21-Deoxycortisone
Human genetic cluster on chromosome 6
each other: serine/threonine kinase 19 (STK19), complement 4 (C4), steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21), and tenascin-X (TNX). The RCCX abbreviation is composed
RCCX
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum.
CYP2A13
Medical condition
salt-wasting crisis develops more gradually and variably than with severe 21-hydroxylase-deficient CAH.[citation needed] Most come to medical attention between
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Lipoid_congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia
Primary male sex hormone
removed by the CYP17A1 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum to yield a variety of C19 steroids. In addition, the 3β-hydroxyl
Testosterone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cytochrome P450 4F3, also leukotriene-B(4) omega-hydroxylase 2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP4F3 gene. CYP4F3 encodes two distinct
CYP4F3
STEROID HYDROXYLASE
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STEROID HYDROXYLASE
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STEROID HYDROXYLASE