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Generic type of sail and rigging arrangement
Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which a sailing vessel uses square sails which are carried on horizontal spars that, when
Square_rig
Sailing vessel
schooners, with the topsail schooner carrying a square topsail on the foremast, and Bermuda and junk-rigs being rarities. The term "schooner" first appeared
Schooner
Sailing vessel with three or more square-rigged masts
A full-rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel with a sail plan of three or more masts, all of them square-rigged. Such a vessel is said
Full-rigged_ship
Type of sailing vessel
mainmast, and any additional masts are rigged square, and only the aftmost mast (mizzen in three-masted barques) is rigged fore and aft. Sometimes, the mizzen
Barque
Type of sailing rig
rig at this time coincided with a reduction in the use of the Mediterranean square rig of the classical era. Since the performance of these two rigs is
Lateen
Drawing showing the arrangement of sails
vessels Brig with two square-rigged masts Brigantine with square-rigged foremast and fore-and aft mizzen Barque with two square-rigged masts and a fore-and-aft
Sail_plan
Two-masted sailing vessel
two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square-rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind
Brigantine
Military uniform
rig, is known as Number One dress and is worn by able rates and leading hands. It is primarily ceremonial, although it dates from the old working rig
Sailor_suit
Sailing rig consisting mainly of sails
fore-and-aft rig is a sailing ship rig with sails set mainly in the median plane of the keel, rather than perpendicular to it, as on a square-rigged vessel
Fore-and-aft_rig
Arrangement of a ship's masts, sails, and ropes
sailing vessel's rig is its arrangement of masts, sails and rigging. Examples include a schooner rig, cutter rig, junk rig, etc. A rig may be broadly categorized
Rig_(sailing)
Type of sailing ship
Atlantic Andalusia. It could be rigged either entirely with lateen sails or with a combination of lateen and square sails. It was noted for its capacity
Caravel
Sailing vessel with two square-rigged masts
A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century
Brig
Sailing rig configuration
spanker sails on a square rigged vessel are always gaff-rigged. On other rigs, particularly the sloop, ketch and yawl, gaff-rigged sails were once common
Gaff_rig
Sailboat with a two-masted rig
mizzen mast is smaller and set further back. There are versions of the ketch rig that only have a mainsail and a mizzen, in which case they are referred to
Ketch
Fabric or other surface supported by a mast to allow wind propulsion
the square rig and the fore-and-aft rig. The square rig carries the primary driving sails on horizontal spars, which are perpendicular or square, to the
Sail
Type of sail
On large sailing ships a spritsail is a square-rigged sail carried on a yard below the bowsprit. In some languages (such as German) it is known as a "blind"
Spritsail_(square-rigged)
Term for a makeshift repair
Look up jury-rig in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In maritime transport and sailing, jury rigging or jury-rigging involves making temporary makeshift
Jury_rigging
Sail set above another sail
A topsail ("tops'l") is a sail set above another sail. On square-rigged vessels further sails may be set above topsails. Except when pole masts are used
Topsail
Oblique quadrilateral sail from south east Asia
tanja rig is a type of sail commonly used by the Austronesian people, particularly in Maritime Southeast Asia. It is also known as the tilted square sail
Tanja_sail
Portuguese sailing ship
The square-rigged caravel (Portuguese: caravela redonda), was a sailing ship created by the Portuguese in the second half of the fifteenth century.[citation
Square-rigged_caravel
Sail boat with a single mast and a fore-and-aft rig
(behind) the mast. It is a type of fore-and-aft rig. The mainsail may be of any type, most often Bermuda rig, but also others, such as gaff or gunter. In
Sloop
Type of boat
cutter is any of various types of watercraft. The term can refer to the rig (sail plan) of a sailing vessel (but with regional differences in definition)
Cutter_(boat)
Type of ship in use in the 16th and 17th centuries
harbors. The rigs of pinnaces included the single-masted fore-and-aft rig with staysail and sprit mainsail to the mainmast, and a square sprit-sail under
Full-rigged_pinnace
Mediterranean sailing ship
and 400 men. The use of square rig among pirates was initially rare, although after the 1750s a mix between lateen and square rigs became much more widespread
Xebec
Type of warship
British fleets. Bermuda sloops were found with gaff rig, mixtures of gaff and square rig, or a Bermuda rig. They were built with up to three masts. The single
Sloop-of-war
One of the lines on a sail ship
movable corners of their square sails. Unlike fore-and-aft sheets, though, square-rig sheets do not control the angle of the sails (which is performed using
Sheet_(sailing)
Large wind-powered water vessel
employing square-rigged or fore-and-aft sails. Some ships carry square sails on each mast—the brig and full-rigged ship, said to be "ship-rigged" when there
Sailing_ship
Pole used in rigging of a sailing vessel
fishing vessels. On square-rigged vessels, each mast carries several horizontal yards from which the individual sails are rigged. Folding mast ships use
Mast_(sailing)
Type of sailboat
beamy and (usually) shallow draft hull. Typically they are gaff rigged, though Bermuda rig is also used. Most are fitted with a centreboard, although some
Catboat
Ropes, cables and chains which support masts of sailing ships
yard arms with respect to the wind on square-rigged vessels. Full-rigged ship Bermuda rig Lateen rig Junk rig Shipbuilding Superstructure "Definition
Rigging
Type of sail rig used in East Asia
The junk rig, also known as the Chinese lugsail, Chinese balanced lug sail, or sampan rig, is a type of sail rig in which rigid members, called battens
Junk_rig
Sailing rig
masts; with a square rigged foremast and fore-and-aft rigged main, mizzen and any other masts. While a full-rigged ship is square-rigged on all three masts
Barquentine
Configuration of mast and rigging for a type of sailboat
Bermuda rig, Bermudian rig, or Marconi rig is a type of sailing rig that uses a triangular sail set abaft (behind) the mast. It is the typical configuration
Bermuda_rig
Luxury yacht and full-rigged ship
investigate 19th-century clippers and propose a three-mast square rig for the project. The "DynaRig" concept, a 1960s invention by German hydraulics engineer
Maltese_Falcon_(yacht)
Triangular sail that sets ahead of the foremast
staysails in the generic sense. Original usage in 18th and 19th century square-rigged ships distinguished between the fore staysail, set on the forestay running
Jib
Historic Royal Naval term for a warship
Lateen rig Ljungström rig Lug rig Pinisi rig Square rig Tanja rig By sailing rigs Barque Barquentine Brig Brigantine Catboat Cutter Full-rigged ship Jackass-barque
Man-of-war
Sail-carrying part of the rigging of a sailing ship
aft rigs have yards, the term is usually used to describe the horizontal spars used on square rigged sails. In addition, for some decades after square sails
Yard_(sailing)
Modern form of sailing ship rigging
The DynaRig is a conceptualization of a square-rigged form of rigging, designed in the 1960s by the German engineer Wilhelm Prölß. While having the appearance
DynaRig
Large and multi-decked sailing ships
a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast
Galleon
14th–18th century masted sailing ship
for very long voyages. The later carracks were square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast. They had a high rounded stern
Carrack
Features that define a (ship) sail's shape and function
triangular sails, except for the top edge and corners, as explained below. A square rig is a type of sail and rigging arrangement in which the primary driving
Sail_components
Sailing yacht launched in 2016
106.7 meters (350.1 ft) in length. It has three DynaRig masts supporting a sail area of 2,900 square meters (31,215 sq ft). The yacht was known during its
Black_Pearl_(yacht)
Flagship of 16th-century Spanish/Portuguese explorer
Salvador, the 100-ton La Victoria and lateen-rigged, 26-oared San Miguel. The two ships were not the square-rigged galleons commonly used for crossing open
San Salvador (Cabrillo's ship)
San_Salvador_(Cabrillo's_ship)
Sailing maneuver
directly. A sailing craft whose course is downwind jibes (or "wears" if square-rigged) by having the apparent wind cross the stern from one tack to the other
Tacking_(sailing)
Type of warship
to early 18th centuries the term "frigate" was loosely given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and manoeuvrability and intended for scouting, escort
Frigate
Large, traditionally rigged sailing vessel
such as for a race or festival. Traditional rigging may include square rigs and gaff rigs, usually with separate topmasts and topsails. It is generally
Tall_ship
Dutch type of sailing vessel
The fluyt was square rigged with two or three masts. When rigged with three masts, the fore and main (front two) masts were square rigged, with the mizzen
Fluyt
Type of sail
orient square sails fore and aft or to tension their leading edges (luffs), they are not as efficient upwind, compared with lug sails. The lug rig differs
Lug_sail
Merchant sailing ship of the 19th century
lines of a Baltimore clipper, with sharply raked stem, counter stern, and square rig. Although Ann McKim was the first large clipper ship ever constructed
Clipper
System for generating thrust for watercraft
conditions. The kite sail concept has recently received a lot of interest. This rig consists of flying a gigantic kite from the bow of a ship using the traction
Wind-assisted_propulsion
and to the masts. A ship mainly so rigged is said to be square-rigged. square rigger A square-rigged ship. squared away Yards held rigidly perpendicular
Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)
Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M–Z)
Spar extending forward from a sailing vessel's prow
word bōchsprēt – bōch meaning "bow" and sprēt meaning "pole". On some square-rigged ships a spritsail is flown below the bowsprit; these are sometimes accompanied
Bowsprit
Fastener consisting of a U-shaped bracket through which a pin is placed
2010-02-19. "Improper Shackle Mousing". Retrieved 2023-04-20. "Sailboat Rig Problems: A Surveyor's View". Retrieved 2010-02-21. Pipe Supports - Glossary
Clevis_fastener
Sailing vessels of Austronesian peoples
claw sails are rigged fore-and-aft and can be tilted and rotated relative to the wind. They evolved from V-shaped perpendicular square sails in which
Austronesian_vessels
17th-century Swedish warship
role as the main working sail on each mast. As square rig evolved, the topsail became the first square sail to be set and the last to be furled. Before
Vasa_(ship)
Triangular sail with spars along upper and lower edges used by traditional Austronesians
claw sails are rigged fore-and-aft and can be tilted and rotated relative to the wind. They evolved from "V"-shaped perpendicular square sails (a "double
Austronesian_sail_types
Recreational boat or ship
Occasionally employed rigs since then have been the yawl, schooner, wishbone, catboat. Sailboats employ standing rigging to support the rig, running rigging
Yacht
the one normally used to move the vessel forward. On a square-rigged ship, any of the square sails can be braced round to be aback, the purpose of which
Glossary of nautical terms (A–L)
Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A–L)
Large watercraft
simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged. The earliest historical evidence of boats
Ship
Type of Norse merchant ship used by the Vikings
Lateen rig Ljungström rig Lug rig Pinisi rig Square rig Tanja rig By sailing rigs Barque Barquentine Brig Brigantine Catboat Cutter Full-rigged ship Jackass-barque
Knarr
Sail rigged to the main mast of a sailing vessel
rigged on the main mast of a sailing vessel. On a square rigged vessel, it is the lowest and largest sail on the main mast. On a fore-and-aft rigged vessel
Mainsail
Watercraft with two parallel hulls of equal size
National Maritime Museum Cornwall. Prout Catamarans, Ltd. designed a mast aft rig with the mast aft of midships to support an enlarged jib—more than twice
Catamaran
Type of boat
apply to the rig (or sailplan), to the hull type or to the use which the vessel is put. As a rig, a yawl is a two-masted, fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessel
Yawl
Type of ship used in the 17th–19th centuries
was square-rigged after the European style. Special polaccas were used by Murat Reis, whose ships had lateen sails in front and fore-and-aft rig behind
Polacca
Type of sail
these boats used to be rigged with a square rig. Crab claw sail Oselvar Underhill, Harold (1938). "Glossary". Sailing Ship Rigs and Rigging (Second, 1958 ed
Spritsail
more masts, fore-and-aft rigged on only the aftermost Barquentine A sailing vessel with three or more masts, square-rigged only on the foremast Battlecruiser
List_of_ship_types
Reducing the area of a sail
reef. Whereas fore-and-aft rigged vessels store the unused portion of the sail on a boom (below the sail), square-rigged vessels stow the unused portion
Reefing
Basic sailing maneuver, where ship turns its stern through the wind
tacking, whereby the sailing craft turns its bow through the wind. For square-rigged ships, this maneuver is called wearing ship. In this maneuver, the mainsail
Jibe
Boat propelled partly or entirely by sails
however, the traditional catboat could carry multiple sails from the gaff rig. The history of the catboat dates back to the nineteenth century, where it
Sailboat
Type of rigging of Indonesian sailing vessels
is called 'standing gaffs' — i.e., unlike most Western ships using such a rig, the two main sails are not opened by raising the spars they are attached
Pinisi
Rope used to hoist a sail
rigging, were classically made of natural fibre like manila or hemp. A square rig sail with a halyard is mounted on a lifting yard that is free to slide
Halyard
Historic category for Royal Navy ships
Lateen rig Ljungström rig Lug rig Pinisi rig Square rig Tanja rig By sailing rigs Barque Barquentine Brig Brigantine Catboat Cutter Full-rigged ship Jackass-barque
First-rate
Type of sailing ship
the foremast is square-rigged and the main is partially square-rigged (topsail, topgallant, etc.) and partially fore-and-aft rigged (course). The mizzen
Jackass-barque
Fore and aft sailing rig with nearly vertical upper spar
Gunter rig is a configuration of sail and spars used in sailing. It is a fore and aft sail set abaft (behind) the mast. The lower half of the luff (front)
Gunter_rig
Sailing rig
In sailing, a snow, snaw or snauw is a square-rigged vessel with two masts, complemented by a snow- or trysail-mast stepped immediately abaft (behind)
Snow_(ship)
Commercial sailing ship with multiple masts and rig configurations
to Ships and the Sea calls windjammer "a non-nautical name by which square-rigged sailing ships are sometimes known". The Oxford Essential Dictionary
Windjammer
Multihull boat
rigging like tanja or crab claw sails. Instead they used a standard Bermuda rig. Trimarans were also typically wider. In addition, trimaran floats were much
Trimaran
Warship of 17th–19th centuries
harbour defence, but in September 1845 they were given a reduced [sailing] rig rather than none at all, to make them sea-going ships.… The blockships were
Ship_of_the_line
Part of ladder on square-rigged ships
Found on all square-rigged ships, whose crews must go aloft to stow the square sails, they also appear on larger fore-and-aft rigged vessels to aid
Ratlines
Cargo ship of the Middle Ages
into the keel-plank and equipped with a single large, rectangular, square-rigged sail. The masts of larger vessels would be of composite construction
Cog_(ship)
Variable-camber aerodynamic structure
be furled or stowed on board. L. Francis Herreshoff pioneered a precursor rig that had jib and main, each with a two-ply sail with leading edges attached
Wingsail
Type of sailboat rigging
wishbone rig, sometimes also known as fishbone ketch, is a type of rigging on sailboats. This rigging is most popular on heavy two-masted vessels. The rig gets
Wishbone_rig
Small warship
"Major deal: Israel to purchase four patrol ships from Germany to defend gas rigs". Ynetnews – via www.ynetnews.com. Eshel, Tamir (16 May 2013). "Israel Shipyards
Corvette
Extra sail on a sailing ship
stuns'l /ˈstʌnsəl/) is an extra sail on a square rigged vessel for use in fair weather. It is set outside the square sails, using stun'sl booms which run out
Studding_sail
Metal assembly which functions as a removable connecting link
halyards to sails, especially sails fitted with a headboard such as on Bermuda rigged boats. Headboard shackles are often stamped from flat strap stainless steel
Shackle
Type of small boat
Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor. Some are rigged for sailing but they differ from sailing dinghies, which are designed first
Dinghy
Sail designed for sailing off the wind
addition, the term may have been influenced by the spanker, originally a gaff rigged fore-and-aft sail.[citation needed] Another suggestion is that the idea
Spinnaker
Lines that control sails
Running rigging varies between vessels that are rigged fore and aft and those that are square-rigged. In centuries past, a ship's rigging was typically
Running_rigging
Type of sail on a square rigged vessel
a square rigged sailing vessel, a topgallant sail (topgallant alone pronounced "t'gallant", topgallant sail pronounced "t'garns'l") is the square-rigged
Topgallant_sail
Wind propulsion technology for large ships
2026. "SolidSail: Chantiers de l'Atlantique want to industrialize a smaller rig". Le marin. 20 June 2025. Archived from the original on 24 July 2025. "Solid
SolidSail
Upper section of mast on sailing ship
manner of backstays, are sometimes seen. In accordance with the standard square rig sail plan, the topmast carries the topsail. In the late 19th century,
Topmast
Hat worn by enlisted Naval personnel
more rigid type of sailor hat with a wide, flat crown is also known as square rig (this refers generally to a type of sailor uniform) cap or pork pie (not
Sailor_cap
Sailing naval ship
were designed as full-rigged ships with three masts, and two mortars, one between each neighboring pair of masts. The full rig also meant that bomb vessels
Bomb_vessel
Type of ship sail
mizzen lower topgallant staysail. In square rigged ships the staysails can help in tacking, overcoming the lumbering square sails' tendency to prevent bearing
Staysail
Type of medieval sea craft
depicted with a single mast at the amidship that was commonly depicted with a square sail. The hull was constructed using reverse-clinker planking which involves
Hulk_(medieval_ship_type)
Complete navigation around the Earth
is magnified for square-rig vessels due to the square rig's dramatic lack of upwind ability when compared to a more modern Bermuda rig. For around the
Circumnavigation
Type of large Korean warship (15th–19th century)
exception in that it had two masts, but the main parts of its vessels were square-rigged and their sails were again limited to use in favorable winds.[citation
Panokseon
Rigging pole
provide a temporary surface known as a "spar deck". These served as jury-rigged repairs for permanent decks, or as an additional platform under which to
Spar_(sailing)
Type of sail
or similar vessel. The lowest square sail on the foremast of a full-rigged ship or other vessel which is square-rigged. Sails set forward of the mainmast
Foresail
17th-century sailing vessel
had largely dispensed with square topsails and gaff rig, replacing them with triangular main sails and jibs. The Bermuda rig had traditionally been used
Bermuda_sloop
SQUARE RIG
SQUARE RIG
Male
Chinese
square, in the sense of correctness.
Boy/Male
Italian
Squire.
Boy/Male
Indian
Cover
Boy/Male
English
Shieldbearer.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Scottish
Steward; Stewart is Clan Name of the Royal House of Scotland; Surname; House Guard
Male
English
French form of English Stewart, STUART means "house guard; steward." In use by the English and Scottish.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Spear.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Shield Bearer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Squire.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English squyer ‘esquire’, ‘a man belonging to the feudal rank immediately below that of knight’ (from Old French esquier ‘shield bearer’). At first it denoted a young man of good birth attendant on a knight, or by extension any attendant or servant, but by the 14th century the meaning had been generalized, and referred to social status rather than age. By the 17th century, the term denoted any member of the landed gentry, but this is unlikely to have influenced the development of the surname.
Boy/Male
English American
Shieldbearer.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Shield Bearer; Knight's Companion
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon American English Scottish
Steward.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Squire.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Squire.
Boy/Male
French Latin
A squire.
Girl/Female
British, English
Bless
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a frugal person, from Middle English spare ‘sparing’, ‘frugal’.
Boy/Male
British, English
Spear-man
Male
Swedish
Swedish name derived from Old Norse stúra, STURE means "obstinate."
SQUARE RIG
SQUARE RIG
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
The king
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Happy
Boy/Male
French, German, Irish
Manly; Strong; A Free Man
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Full of Knowledge Light
Boy/Male
Muslim
King, Ruler, Emperor, Royal
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi, Tanzanian
Grace; Divinity
Boy/Male
Welsh
Son of Maddock.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Dew
Male
English
English name which derived from the name of any of several rivers in England which got their name from Celtic afon, AVON means "river."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Strong; Brave Man
SQUARE RIG
SQUARE RIG
SQUARE RIG
SQUARE RIG
SQUARE RIG
n.
A square. See 1st Squire.
n.
To form with right angles and straight lines, or flat surfaces; as, to square mason's work.
n.
To place at right angles with the keel; as, to square the yards.
v. t.
To attend as a squire.
a.
Having four equal sides and four right angles; as, a square figure.
a.
Of or pertaining to a square, or to squares; resembling a quadrate, or square; square.
imp. & p. p.
of Squire
n.
A square piece or fragment.
n.
To multiply by itself; as, to square a number or a quantity.
n.
To make even, so as leave no remainder of difference; to balance; as, to square accounts.
n.
Hence, anything which is square, or nearly so
n.
One who, or that which, squares.
a.
Forming a right angle; as, a square corner.
n.
Having the toe square.
imp. & p. p.
of Square
a.
Even; leaving no balance; as, to make or leave the accounts square.
n.
An instrument having at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, used to lay out or test square work. It is of several forms, as the T square, the carpenter's square, the try-square., etc.
n.
The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; thus, 64 is the square of 8, for 8 / 8 = 64; the square of a + b is a2 + 2ab + b2.
a.
Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest, as square dealing.
n.
A square; a measure; a rule.