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Visual perception of the sky and how it scatters and diffuses light
Sky brightness refers to the visual perception of the sky and how it scatters and diffuses light. The fact that the sky is not completely dark at night
Sky_brightness
Appearance of the sky in a clear night
horizon, the sky generally attains its minimum brightness. Several sources can be identified as the source of the intrinsic brightness of the sky, namely airglow
Night_sky
Scale for measuring the brightness of the night sky
Bortle dark-sky scale (usually referred to as simply the Bortle scale) is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's brightness of a particular
Bortle_scale
Instrument used to measure the luminance of the night sky
A sky quality meter (SQM) is an instrument used to measure the luminance of the night sky, more specifically the Night Sky Brightness (NSB) at the zenith
Sky_quality_meter
Excess artificial light in an environment
local atmospheric transparency, 40 times brighter than the darkest sky. In densely populated areas a sky brightness of 17 magnitude/sq. arcsecond is not uncommon
Light_pollution
Faintest item observable by an instrument
often used as an overall indicator of sky brightness, in that light polluted and humid areas generally have brighter limiting magnitudes than remote desert
Limiting_magnitude
arranged by their apparent magnitude – their brightness as observed from Earth. It includes all stars brighter than magnitude +2.50 in visible light, measured
List_of_brightest_stars
Galaxy containing the Solar System
constellations. The area of sky that the Milky Way obscures is called the Zone of Avoidance. The Milky Way has a relatively low surface brightness. Its visibility
Milky_Way
Diffuse luminance of the night sky
integrated measures such as the brightness of the "light dome" over a city, or the integrated brightness of the entire night sky. At very large distances (over
Skyglow
Argument in astrophysics against the theory of an unchanging universe
so that the total light flux from the sky remains finite. Thus the observed radiation density (the sky brightness of extragalactic background light) can
Olbers'_paradox
Layer of gasses surrounding the moon Titan
methane, moving across Titan, using the James Webb Space Telescope. Sky brightness and viewing conditions are expected to be quite different from Earth
Atmosphere_of_Titan
Telescopic attachment designed to block out the direct light from a star
use polarization to distinguish sky brightness from the image of the corona: both coronal light and sky brightness are scattered sunlight and have similar
Coronagraph
Astronomical term for luminosity per area
In astronomy, surface brightness (SB) quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a
Surface_brightness
Faint emission of light by a planetary atmosphere
(Na), and lithium (Li). The sky brightness is typically measured in units of apparent magnitude per square arcsecond of sky. In order to calculate the
Airglow
Liao dynasty tower in Beijing, China
39°44′00″N 116°08′53″E / 39.7332°N 116.1480°E / 39.7332; 116.1480 Haotian Pagoda (Chinese: 昊天塔; pinyin: Hàotiān Tǎ) or Liangxiang Pagoda (simplified
Haotian_Pagoda
Citizen science project
of a two-week span of dates near the new moon removes any effect on sky brightness from scattered moonlight, and observing well after sunset prevents any
Globe_at_Night
Unobstructed view upward from Earth
horizon, the sky generally attains its minimum brightness. Several sources can be identified as the source of the intrinsic brightness of the sky, namely airglow
Sky
American space technology company
background sky brightness". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202660006. ISSN 0004-6361. Reagan, Drew (19 December 2025). "DarkSky International
Reflect_Orbital
Dark sky reserve in New Zealand
and Lake Tekapo (town). The night sky brightness in the reserve ranks at a level 2 on the nine-level Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, representing a truly dark site
Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve
Aoraki_Mackenzie_International_Dark_Sky_Reserve
"Large peculiar motion of the solar system from the dipole anisotropy in sky brightness due to distant radio sources". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (2): L23–L27
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Telescope accessory used to improve details of viewed objects
features of bright objects, especially Moon and planets. These filters have no effect on observing faint objects. Red: Reduces sky brightness, particularly
Astronomical_filter
Irish-bred racehorse
Bright Sky (foaled 8 May 1999) was an Irish-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who raced in France, Japan, the United States. Hong
Bright_Sky
Campaign against light pollution
night skies in Fort Collins". Coloradoan. Pipkin, Ashley. "Measuring the color and brightness of artificial sky glow from cities using an all-sky imaging
Dark-sky_movement
2004 video game
The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky, also known as Trails in the Sky FC, is a 2004 role-playing video game developed by Nihon Falcom. The game is the
The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky
The_Legend_of_Heroes:_Trails_in_the_Sky
Environmental organization focused on light pollution
Dark-sky movement Dark-sky preserve International Dark Sky Week Light pollution List of astronomical societies Sky brightness "We have a new name and
DarkSky_International
Atmospheric illumination by the Sun below the horizon
Bingen; Erkki Kyrölä; Iuri Mateshvili; Giuli Mateshvili (2005). "Twilight sky brightness measurements as a useful tool for stratospheric aerosol investigations"
Twilight
Objects intentionally placed into orbit
sky, soon hundreds of satellites may be clearly visible to the human eye at dark sites. It is estimated that the overall levels of diffuse brightness
Satellite
Brightness of a celestial object observed from the Earth
logarithmic: the brighter an object is, the lower its magnitude number. A difference of 1.0 in magnitude corresponds to the brightness ratio of 100 5 {\displaystyle
Apparent_magnitude
Device for producing light from electricity
Riccardo (10 June 2016). "The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness". Science Advances. 2 (6) e1600377. arXiv:1609.01041. Bibcode:2016SciA
Electric_light
Measure of electromagnetic energy
and climatology. The brightness temperature provides "a more physically recognizable way to describe intensity". The brightness temperature is not a temperature
Brightness_temperature
Galaxy which is less bright than the ambient night sky
A low-surface-brightness galaxy, or LSB galaxy, is a diffuse galaxy with a surface brightness that, when viewed from Earth, is at least one magnitude
Low_surface_brightness_galaxy
areas in New Zealand grew by only 1% per annum in brightness. A study of artificial night sky brightness in New Zealand in 2014 found that 74% of the land
Dark sky movement in New Zealand
Dark_sky_movement_in_New_Zealand
Artificial satellites designed to change the amount of solar radiation that impacts Earth
satellite constellations. Effects on observations, including background sky brightness". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202660006. ISSN 0004-6361
Space_mirror
2010 novel by Alan Warner
The Stars in the Bright Sky is the sixth novel by Scottish writer Alan Warner. First published in 2010, it is a follow-up to his 1998 book The Sopranos
The_Stars_in_the_Bright_Sky
First and last hour of sunlight during the day
the sky. The golden hour is also sometimes called the magic hour, especially by cinematographers and photographers. During these times, the brightness of
Golden_hour_(photography)
2006 studio album by The Low Lows
Fire On the Bright Sky is the first album by The Low Lows. It was released on September 12, 2006, via the label, Warm. "Dear Flies, Love Spider" - 5:26
Fire_on_the_Bright_Sky
Extraterrestrial view of outer space
Triton's sky, though with a maximum brightness roughly comparable to that of the full moon on Earth it would appear only about 1⁄256 as bright as the full
Extraterrestrial_sky
Dark sky preserve in New Zealand
application for designation, the Tāhuna Glenorchy Dark Sky Group made measurements of the night sky brightness, and studied nocturnal species in the area. Their
Tāhuna Glenorchy Dark Sky Sanctuary
Tāhuna_Glenorchy_Dark_Sky_Sanctuary
2019 novel by Guy Gavriel Kay
Brightness Long Ago returns us to the fictional world of Batiara". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 22 October 2021. "A Brightness Long Ago Art". Bright
A_Brightness_Long_Ago
Travel for astronomy-related purposes
International Dark Sky Community. Known as Stärepark Pëtschent, the 27-square-kilometre area uses lighting controls, continuous sky-brightness monitoring and
Astrotourism
Woodblock print by Hokusai
rare. The early prints have a deliberately uneven blue sky, which increases the sky's brightness and gives movement to the clouds. The peak is brought
Fine_Wind,_Clear_Morning
Space observatory
fitted with a two dimensional coded mask, for imaging purposes. The sky brightness distribution will be obtained by applying a deconvolution procedure
AstroSat
Active camouflage system prototype for World War II aircraft
controlled brightness placed on the front and leading edges of an aircraft to raise the aircraft's luminance to the average brightness of the sky, a form
Yehudi_lights
Swedish band
Her Bright Skies is a Swedish pop punk band based in Jönköping. HBS consists of Johan "Jaybee" Brolin (vocals), Niclas "Nikki" Sjostedt (guitar), Petter
Her_Bright_Skies
to radiate from a certain point in the sky, known as the radiant, and vary in the speed, frequency and brightness of the meteors. As of March 2026, there
List_of_meteor_showers
Band of infrared light
Research Forum LLC. p. 138. ISBN 9781644900758. Jun Zhang (June 2023). "Sky-brightness measurements in J, H, and Ks bands at DOME A with NISBM and early results"
K_band_(infrared)
Logarithmic measure of the brightness of an astronomical object
(m) is the brightness of an object and depends on an object's intrinsic luminosity, its distance, and the extinction reducing its brightness. The absolute
Magnitude_(astronomy)
SpaceX satellite Internet constellation
2020. Retrieved June 3, 2019. "The unexpected brightness of new satellites could ruin the night sky". The Economist. May 30, 2019. Archived from the
Starlink
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
times brighter, and sometimes even 55 times brighter than a night on Earth illuminated by the light of the full moon. In Earth's sky brightness and apparent
Moon
Natural phenomenon wherein the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon
shadow, a total lunar eclipse occurs. Just prior to complete entry, the brightness of the lunar limb—the curved edge of the Moon still being hit by direct
Lunar_eclipse
British actor and filmmaker (born 1999)
Sky Chi Y. Yang (Chinese: 楊子英; pinyin: Yáng Ziyīng; born 1999) is a British actor and filmmaker. He was named a 2023 Screen International Star of Tomorrow
Sky_Yang
Observatory
per year, sky brightness, visibility, accessibility, and of course, economic considerations. Photometric nights represent the stability of sky transparency
Timau_National_Observatory
Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus
Its size on the night sky is 3.2' x 2.4' which is proportional to its real size of the 85 000 ly. NGC 1357's surface brightness profile shows a small
NGC_1357
Personification of the upper sky in Greek mythology
Greek: Αἰθήρ, pronounced [ai̯tʰɛ̌ːr], meaning "brightness") is the personification of the bright upper sky. According to Hesiod, he was the son of Erebus
Aether_(mythology)
2016 novel by Guy Gavriel Kay
the Order of Canada. Kay's subsequent novel A Brightness Long Ago is a prequel to Children of Earth and Sky. The dust jacket cover art of the first Canadian
Children_of_Earth_and_Sky
International Dark Sky Park on Terschelling, Netherlands
locations have been designated for observing the night sky. The application documented sky brightness, artificial light sources and long-term lighting policy
Dark_Sky_Boschplaat
NASA spacecraft (2006–present)
Horizons saw a sky ten times darker than the sky seen by the Hubble Space Telescope because of the absence of diffuse background sky brightness from the zodiacal
New_Horizons
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
sky, known as the "dog star". It is bright because of its proximity to the Solar System and its intrinsic brightness. In contrast, the other bright stars
Canis_Major
Constellation straddling the celestial equator
the brightest stars in the night sky; both are supergiants and slightly variable. There are a further six stars brighter than magnitude 3.0, including three
Orion_(constellation)
Optical characteristics of the atmosphere
Band. The reason for this apparent reduction in sky brightness is that, while light from the sky enclosed within the primary bow comes from droplet reflection
Atmospheric_optics
Variety of the color blue
saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also
Shades_of_blue
Pursuit of eclipses for study and enjoyment
aircraft". Photographs helped "to derive coronal brightness and polarization, along with sky brightness and polarization". Several missions were made in
Eclipse_chasing
Circle on the celestial sphere parallel to the horizon
sky radiance measurements," Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 20 673-20 696 pdf version Nakajima T, Tonna G, Rao RZ, et al.:Use of sky brightness
Almucantar
Airport in Gilford, New Hampshire
KLCI has two primary fixed base operators (FBOs), Emerson Aviation and Sky Bright. List of airports in New Hampshire "FAA Airport Form 5010 for LCI" (PDF)
Laconia_Municipal_Airport
Visual phenomenon caused by satellites
possible to predict the exact time of the flare, its place in the sky, the brightness and duration. The first generation of the Iridium constellation launched
Satellite_flare
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
mid-February 2020 its brightness had dropped by a factor of approximately 3, from magnitude 0.5 to 1.7. It then returned to a more normal brightness range, reaching
Betelgeuse
1993 film by Robert Lieberman
Fire in the Sky is a 1993 American science fiction horror drama film directed by Robert Lieberman and starring D. B. Sweeney, Robert Patrick, James Garner
Fire_in_the_Sky
American singer-songwriter, model, and actress (born 1992)
Sky Tonia Ferreira (/fəˈrɛərə/ fə-RAIR-ə; Brazilian Portuguese: [feˈʁejɾɐ]; born July 8, 1992) is an American singer-songwriter, model, and actress. As
Sky_Ferreira
State natural area in Gillespie and Llano County, Texas
Area is an International Dark Sky Park, certified by DarkSky International. The park monitors sky brightness with a sky quality meter, and offers nighttime
Enchanted Rock State Natural Area
Enchanted_Rock_State_Natural_Area
Supernova observed from Earth in 1006
estimated −7.5 visual magnitude, and exceeding roughly sixteen times the brightness of Venus. First noted in 1006 some time between April 15 and May 1 (Julian
SN_1006
Mythological interpretations of the origin of the Milky Way
the Milky Way, the crowd of stars that makes a distinctive bright streak across the night sky. Ancient Armenian mythology called the Milky Way the "Straw
Milky_Way_in_mythology
Darkest color
farther away has not reached Earth, and cannot contribute to making the sky bright. Furthermore, as the universe is expanding, many stars are moving away
Black
Father Sky-god in Proto-Indo-European mythology
"diurnal sky" or the "brightness of the day" (in contrast to the darkness of the night), an expanded form of the root *di or dey- ("to shine, be bright"). Cognates
*Dyēus
2018 electrical accident
intense blue light that could be seen for miles and lit up the night sky bright enough to resemble daytime—clearly visible across other boroughs and as
Astoria_Borealis
Ptolemy in his Almagest (2nd century) tabulated the celestial position and brightness (visual magnitude) of 1,025 stars. Ptolemy's book was translated into
List_of_Arabic_star_names
Astronomical observatory in Mount Entoto, Ethiopia
requisite equipment (DIMMs, automatic weather stations, all sky cameras, sky brightness monitors), and infrastructure support (roads, housing) has been
Entoto Observatory Space Science Research Center
Entoto_Observatory_Space_Science_Research_Center
Second planet from the Sun
evening sky. The Chinese historically referred to the morning Venus as "the Great White" (Tàibái 太白) or "the Opener (Starter) of Brightness" (Qǐmíng
Venus
2005 film by Mike Mitchell
Sky High is a 2005 American superhero comedy film directed by Mike Mitchell, and written by Paul Hernandez, and Kim Possible, Buzz Lightyear of Star Command
Sky_High_(2005_film)
2005 studio album by God Is an Astronaut
All Is Violent, All Is Bright is the second studio album by Irish post-rock band God Is an Astronaut, released in 2005. The enhanced CD also contains an
All_Is_Violent,_All_Is_Bright
2006 studio album by Mojave 3
single, BAD 2602CD; 7" vinyl, AD 2602 "Breaking the Ice" "Star in the Sky" "Bright Lights" "Puzzles Like You" (6 November 2006) Digital single, EAD 2615S;
Puzzles_Like_You
Near-Earth asteroid
reached a peak brightness of magnitude 11.5 at declinations −30° to −50°, where it could be observed by small telescopes under dark skies. Little is known
2026_JH2
Darkest stage of twilight
the very end of astronomical twilight, just before the minimum brightness of the night sky sets in, or may be thought of as the darkest part of evening
Dusk
Catalogue of bright nebulae
https://in-the-sky.org/data/catalogue.php?cat=LBN Adventures in Deep space - Sharpless objects (Accessed 20/1/2011) NASA HEASARC Archive - Bright Nebula Catalog
Lynds' Catalogue of Bright Nebulae
Lynds'_Catalogue_of_Bright_Nebulae
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
Crux (/krʌks/ KRUKS) is a constellation of the southern sky that is centred on four bright stars in a cross-shaped asterism commonly known as the Southern
Crux
Human vision, unaided by optical instruments
to see faint stars up to +8 magnitude under a perfectly dark sky. Photometry (brightness) to ±10% or 1% of intensity – in a range between night and day
Naked_eye
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
gradually moving closer to the Solar System and it is expected to increase in brightness slightly over the next 60,000 years to reach a peak magnitude of −1.68
Sirius
Optical illusion of bright moving dots in the visual field
of tiny bright dots moving quickly along undulating pathways in the visual field, especially when looking into bright blue light such as the sky. The dots
Blue field entoptic phenomenon
Blue_field_entoptic_phenomenon
Astronomer
United States participation in the 2007 Traverse to Dome A- Optical Sky Brightness and Ground Layer Turbulence Profiling. Moore also has received funding
Anna_Moore
Telescopes carried by aircraft
aircraft". Photographs helped "to derive coronal brightness and polarization, along with sky brightness and polarization". Several missions were made in
Airborne_observatory
Edge-on barred spiral galaxy
broad HI 1 line. With a surface brightness of 14.20 mag / am 2, IC 4263 can be described as a low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy. LSB galaxies are diffuse
IC_4263
Radio astronomy satellite
above 4 MHz). The observations were processed to determine the mean sky brightness in Ariel 2's preferred frequency band. Ariel 2 could transmit data at
Ariel_2
edge is used when there is an abrupt change in brightness, such as a field with a horizon to a bright sky. A soft edge is a wider, smoother change from
Graduated neutral-density filter
Graduated_neutral-density_filter
Pattern of stars in the Northern Hemisphere
Scuti type variable star due to its variations in brightness; about 10 times a day the star's brightness fluctuates in magnitudes around 0.025. The Spring
Spring_Triangle
Symbols denoting astrological concepts
2010-01-22. Powell, Martin J. (August 2012). "The Zodiacal Sky Bright Stars and Deep-Sky Objects in Cancer, Leo, Virgo and surrounding Constellations"
Astrological_symbols
pollution. Due to the spotlights and LED billboards, Hong Kong’s sky is many times brighter than other cities. The issue of light pollution in Hong Kong rose
Light_pollution_in_Hong_Kong
Comparison of a wide range of brightnesses
the sky in particular, varies by location, season, weather, time of day and part of the sky. The sky near the horizon is often about half as bright as
Orders of magnitude (illuminance)
Orders_of_magnitude_(illuminance)
science priority, time criticality, observing conditions, source brightness, sky brightness, calibration needs, and fibre yield (the fraction of fibre tips
Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer
Maunakea_Spectroscopic_Explorer
Pattern of stars recognized on Earth's night sky
may be bright naked-eye objects or fainter, even telescopic, but they are generally all of a similar brightness to each other. The larger brighter asterisms
Asterism_(astronomy)
Village in Bedfordshire, England
Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) divides the level of night sky brightness into 9 bands with band 1 being the darkest i.e. with the lowest level
Northill
Star cloud in Sagittarius
its brightness difficult. Older references give the star cloud's magnitude as 4.6, but more recent estimates place it a full two magnitudes brighter, at
Small_Sagittarius_Star_Cloud
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