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Method for dividing a secret among multiple parties
Secret sharing (also called secret splitting) refers to methods for distributing a secret among a group, in such a way that no individual holds any intelligible
Secret_sharing
Computer password or cryptographic key
In cryptography, a shared secret is a piece of data, known only to the parties involved, in a secure communication. This usually refers to the key of
Shared_secret
Cryptographic algorithm created by Adi Shamir
Shamir's secret sharing (SSS) is an efficient secret sharing algorithm for distributing private information (the "secret") among a group, first developed
Shamir's_secret_sharing
Method to set encryption keys
In cryptography, a pre-shared key (PSK) is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs
Pre-shared_key
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
communication without having a shared secret key. In practice, asymmetric systems are used to first exchange a secret key, and then secure communication
Cryptography
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
become more common. There are multiple different types of pepper: A shared secret that is common to all users. A randomly-selected number that must be
Pepper_(cryptography)
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure channel. This key can then be used to encrypt subsequent
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
Used for encoding or decoding ciphertext
indirectly. All parties exchange information (the shared secret) that permits each party to derive the secret key material. In a key transport scheme, encrypted
Key_(cryptography)
Method of user authentication that requires knowledge of private information
of personal information. Static KBA, also referred to as "shared secrets" or "shared secret questions," is commonly used by banks, financial services
Knowledge-based authentication
Knowledge-based_authentication
Computer communications authentication algorithm
or a key stretching scheme. HMAC can provide authentication using a shared secret instead of using digital signatures with asymmetric cryptography. It
HMAC
Key agreement protocol
elliptic-curve public–private key pair, to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel. This shared secret may be directly used as a key, or to derive another
Elliptic-curve_Diffie–Hellman
Hiding messages in other messages
private letter. Some implementations of steganography that lack a formal shared secret are forms of security through obscurity, while key-dependent steganographic
Steganography
Cryptographic system with public and private keys
establishing a shared secret-key over an authenticated (but not confidential) communications channel without using a prior shared secret. Merkle's "public
Public-key_cryptography
Public-key cryptosystem
algorithm first performs Diffie–Hellman key agreement to establish a shared secret s {\displaystyle s} , then uses this as a one-time pad for encrypting
ElGamal_encryption
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
that they know what the shared secret (i.e., password) is, and to do this, the server must be able to obtain the shared secret from its stored form. On
Password
Password authentication algorithm
credentials are also based on a shared secret known to both the client and the server, creating multiple locations from which a secret can be stolen. An attacker
Time-based_one-time_password
2001 studio album by George Cables
Shared Secrets is an album by pianist George Cables that was recorded in 2001 and released by the MuseFX label. The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow said
Shared_Secrets
Encryption technique
pre-shared key that is larger than or equal to the size of the message being sent. In this technique, a plaintext is paired with a random secret key (also
One-time_pad
Standard for multi-factor authentication
solutions is that unlike with TOTP shared-secret methods, there is no possibility of "backing up" recovery codes or shared secrets. If a hardware duplicate or
Universal_2nd_Factor
Concept in cryptography
In cryptography, a secret sharing scheme is verifiable if auxiliary information is included that allows players to verify their shares as consistent. More
Verifiable_secret_sharing
Algorithm
transformation to go between the two keys. The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Means to confirm a user's identity
called a shared secret. For example, a memorized secret may or may not be shared. A symmetric key is shared by definition. A private key is not shared. An
Authenticator
Technique in cryptography
computation and in threshold cryptosystems. If the players (holders of the shared secret) store their shares on insecure computer servers, an attacker could
Proactive_secret_sharing
1910 short story by Joseph Conrad
"The Secret Sharer" is a short story by Polish-British author Joseph Conrad, originally written in 1909 and first published in two parts in the August
The_Secret_Sharer
Quantum-safe key encapsulation mechanism
computers that was standardized in 2024. It is used to establish a shared secret between two communicating parties without an (IND-CCA2) attacker in
ML-KEM
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
, DES and AES), the sender and receiver must have a shared key set up in advance and kept secret from all other parties; the sender uses this key for
Cipher
Simple and widely known encryption technique
rather ingeniously written treatise by the grammarian Probus concerning the secret meaning of letters in the composition of Caesar's epistles." — Aulus Gellius
Caesar_cipher
Free and open-source virtual private network software
applications. OpenVPN allows peers to authenticate each other using pre-shared secret keys, certificates or username/password. When used in a multiclient-server
OpenVPN
2014 film by Peter Fudakowski
Secret Sharer is a 2014 Anglo-Polish romantic thriller based on Joseph Conrad’s 1909 novella The Secret Sharer. It is directed and written by Peter Fudakowski
Secret_Sharer_(film)
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
"source key material" (IKM or SKM) such as a shared secret generated using Diffie-Hellman; an optional, non-secret, random or pseudorandom salt (r); and generates
HKDF
Type of substitution cipher
simplicity, it is very often included in children's books on ciphers and secret writing. The cipher is believed to be an ancient cipher and is said to have
Pigpen_cipher
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up secret in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A secret is information kept hidden. Secret or The Secret may also refer to: Secret, the 2012–2014 comic
Secret_(disambiguation)
2000 American television drama film
Sharing the Secret is a 2000 American television drama film about a teenage girl's struggle with bulimia and its effect on her parents and friends. Originally
Sharing_the_Secret
In cryptography, a secret sharing scheme is publicly verifiable (PVSS) if it is a verifiable secret sharing scheme and if any party (not just the participants
Publicly verifiable secret sharing
Publicly_verifiable_secret_sharing
Method of web development
webhook can include information about what type of event it is, and a shared secret or digital signature to verify the webhook. An HMAC signature can be
Webhook
Password cracking dataset
deploys two salts, one public and one secret, but then (unlike in key stretching) securely deletes the secret salt. This forces both the attacker and
Rainbow_table
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
is transmitted (see below). The negotiation of a shared secret is both secure (the negotiated secret is unavailable to eavesdroppers and cannot be obtained
Transport_Layer_Security
Encrypted information
receiver have a shared key established in advance: the sender uses the shared key to perform encryption; the receiver uses the shared key to perform decryption
Ciphertext
Legal term
(MAC), useful when the communicating parties have arranged to use a shared secret that they both possess, does not give non-repudiation. A misconception
Non-repudiation
Network attack in which valid data transmission is repeated or delayed
based on a shared secret (e.g. the client's password), which the authenticator compares with its own calculation of the challenge and shared secret to authenticate
Replay_attack
Puzzle
entertainment purposes, but for real encryption of military or personal secrets. The first use of the cryptogram for entertainment purposes occurred during
Cryptogram
Practice of hiding information
the "need to know", perhaps while sharing it with other individuals. That which is kept hidden is known as the secret. Secrecy is often controversial,
Secrecy
English cryptanalyst (1917–1996)
the spotlight, her role in the Enigma project that decrypted the German secret communications earned her awards and citations, such as appointment as a
Joan_Clarke
American lingerie and cosmetics retailer
company-owned stores throughout Canada and the UK. By 2016, Victoria's Secret's market share had begun to decline, due to competition from other brands that
Victoria's_Secret
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
enables messages to be read. Public-key encryption was first described in a secret document in 1973; beforehand, all encryption schemes were symmetric-key
Encryption
Proposed web cryptography standard
algorithm specified in the header. This example uses HMAC-SHA256 with a shared secret (public key algorithms are also defined). The Base64url Encoding is
JSON_Web_Token
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
signatures and attempted to apply number theory. Their formulation used a shared-secret-key created from exponentiation of some number, modulo a prime number
RSA_cryptosystem
German cipher machine during World War II
operator set his machine in accordance with the secret settings that all operators on the net shared. The settings included an initial position for the
Enigma_machine
Piece of multi-factor authentication
uses shared secrets and stores the PIN alongside the shared secret in a software client can be stolen and subjected to offline attacks. Shared secret tokens
Software_token
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
his work. One hypothesis is that he intentionally kept the general method secret, since he was a cryptographical adviser to his friend, Rear-Admiral Sir
Vigenère_cipher
Secure multi-party computation protocol
the edges representing their shared secret keys. The protocol may be run with less than fully connected secret sharing graphs, which can improve the
Dining_cryptographers_problem
Computer networking protocol
('hiding') only for its own control messages (using an optional pre-shared secret), and does not provide any encryption or confidentiality of content
Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol
authentication request, the BSF establishes a shared secret between the simcard card and the service provider. This shared secret is limited in time and for a specific
Generic Bootstrapping Architecture
Generic_Bootstrapping_Architecture
Interactive key creation in cryptography
the surviving and enhanced forms of EKE effectively amplify a shared password into a shared key, which can then be used for encryption and/or message authentication
Password-authenticated key agreement
Password-authenticated_key_agreement
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
non-repudiation offered by signatures specifically in the case of a network-wide shared secret key: any user who can verify a MAC is also capable of generating MACs
Message_authentication_code
Cryptographic technique
and Adi Shamir, who developed it in 1994. They demonstrated a visual secret sharing scheme, where a binary image was broken up into n shares so that only
Visual_cryptography
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
RSA key pair containing a modulus, N, that is the product of two random secret distinct large primes, along with integers, e and d, such that e d ≡ 1 (mod φ(N))
Digital_signature
List of fashion models
spokesmodels for Victoria's Secret's PINK brand. Shared with Adriana Lima Shared with Alessandra Ambrosio "Victoria's Secret Officially Ends Its Angels
List of Victoria's Secret models
List_of_Victoria's_Secret_models
Open and decentralized authentication protocol standard
the relying party and the OpenID provider (optionally) establish a shared secret, referenced by an associate handle, which the relying party then stores
OpenID
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
computes its hash, and tells Bob the hash value (whilst keeping the solution secret). Then, when Bob comes up with the solution himself a few days later, Alice
Cryptographic_hash_function
2025 American horror television series
Mayfair Witches series. Talamasca: The Secret Order is the third television series set in the Immortal Universe, a shared universe based on Rice's novels, which
Talamasca:_The_Secret_Order
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using
Key_derivation_function
Imageboard website
a Board Owner on 8chan, please email us at [email protected] with your shared secret if you are interested in migrating your board to 8kun" (Tweet). Archived
8chan
Set of cryptographic protocols
Security pre-shared key ciphersuites (TLS-PSK) is a set of cryptographic protocols that provide secure communication based on pre-shared keys (PSKs).
TLS-PSK
Aspect of IP Multimedia Subsystem
various applications. These partnerships consist primarily to share a key (the shared secret), which allows subsequent user agent authentication against
IMS_security
Basic cryptographic algorithm used to build cryptographic protocols
zero-knowledge proof Conditional disclosure of secrets—allows two non-communicating parties to coordinate the release of a secret to a referee. Category:Cryptographic
Cryptographic_primitive
Cryptographic method
two parties to communicate confidentially, they must first exchange the secret key so that each party is able to encrypt messages before sending, and decrypt
Key_exchange
Hybrid encryption in cryptography
r\in [1,n-1]} and calculates R = r G {\displaystyle R=rG} derives a shared secret: S = P x {\displaystyle S=P_{x}} , where P = ( P x , P y ) = r K B {\displaystyle
Integrated_Encryption_Scheme
Early public-key cryptosystem
protocol allows two parties to agree on a shared secret by exchanging messages, even if they share no secret beforehand. The scheme provides a quadratic
Merkle's_Puzzles
Type of authentication protocol
user and the system must verify that they know the shared secret (the password), without the secret ever being transmitted in the clear over the communication
Challenge–response authentication
Challenge–response_authentication
Secret sharing consists of recovering a secret S from a set of shares, each containing partial information about the secret. The Chinese remainder theorem
Secret sharing using the Chinese remainder theorem
Secret_sharing_using_the_Chinese_remainder_theorem
VoIP key-agreement protocol
protocol such as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This generates a shared secret which is then used to generate keys and salt for a Secure RTP (SRTP)
ZRTP
Cryptographic protocol
provides the use of a shared secret, which should be client-specific and used only once. The confidentiality of the shared secret optionally used for source
Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol
Simple_Certificate_Enrollment_Protocol
Steganography method
message with the same number of letters as all of the As and Bs in the real, secret message, two typefaces are chosen, one to represent As and the other Bs
Bacon's_cipher
Secure communication method
no-cloning theorem. The goal of QKD is to enable two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which then can be used to encrypt and decrypt
Quantum_key_distribution
Question used to control access
A security question is a form of shared secret used as an authenticator. It is commonly used by banks, cable companies and wireless providers as an extra
Security_question
Encryption method in quantum mechanics
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a quantum cryptographic scheme for secure communication that extends beyond simple quantum key distribution. It modifies
Quantum_secret_sharing
Cryptographic key agreement scheme
key. Alice and Bob are now mutually authenticated and have a shared secret. This secret, K, can then be used to encrypt further communication. The basic
Station-to-Station_protocol
Post-quantum cryptographic protocol
with a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism (PQ-KEM) to derive a shared secret between two parties. In practice, Kyber is used as the PQ-KEM. PQXDH
Post-Quantum Extended Diffie–Hellman
Post-Quantum_Extended_Diffie–Hellman
Early block substitution cipher
typical scenario for Playfair use was to protect important but non-critical secrets during actual combat e.g. the fact that an artillery barrage of smoke shells
Playfair_cipher
2026 South Korean television series
series tells the story of Joo In-ah, head of the audit department with a secret, and Noh Ki-jun, the department's former ace who's suddenly demoted to handle
Filing_for_Love
Encryption tool used to perform a transposition cipher
(2004). "Les Langages Secrets Dans l'Antiquité Gréco-Romaine" (in French). Universite Catholique de Louvain. (English: Secret Languages in Graeco-Roman
Scytale
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
according to the amount and quality of secret information that was discovered: Total break – the attacker deduces the secret key. Global deduction – the attacker
Cryptanalysis
System that can issue, distribute and verify digital certificates
unwittingly view a payload in clear text. Data is encrypted to make it secret, such that even if it was read, it appears as gibberish. Perhaps the most
Public_key_infrastructure
Internet protocol
either pre-shared or distributed using DNS (preferably with DNSSEC) ‒ and a Diffie–Hellman key exchange to set up a shared session secret from which cryptographic
Internet_Key_Exchange
In cryptography, homomorphic secret sharing is a type of secret sharing algorithm in which the secret is encrypted via homomorphic encryption. A homomorphism
Homomorphic_secret_sharing
Non-federated cryptographic protocol
conversations. Facebook Messenger also say they offer the protocol for optional "Secret Conversations", as did Skype for its "Private Conversations". The protocol
Signal_Protocol
Computer-networking protocol defined in RFC 2845
used to update Dynamic DNS or a secondary/slave DNS server. TSIG uses shared secret keys and one-way hashing to provide a cryptographically secure means
TSIG
Digital verification standard
phases. The first phase is a choice of algorithm parameters which may be shared between different users of the system, while the second phase computes a
Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
on attacker's ability to monitor cache accesses made by the victim in a shared physical system as in virtualized environment or a type of cloud service
Side-channel_attack
System to verify the source and or authenticity of a message
as digital authenticator, is used as an integrity check based on a secret key shared by two parties to authenticate information transmitted between them
Message_authentication
Type of cryptosystem
cryptosystems often combine an existing non-threshold cryptosystem with a secret sharing. Perhaps the first system with complete threshold properties for a trapdoor
Threshold_cryptosystem
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
personnel of the various German signal intelligence organizations before these secrets could be destroyed, looted, or captured by the Soviets. They were called
Lorenz_cipher
Technical specification for remote management protocol
more problematic. The identity of the device is verified based on a shared secret (password) at the HTTP level. Passwords may be negotiated between the
TR-069
Concept in computer security
executed at the beginning of a communication session to create a fresh, shared secret key—usually a symmetric key—while also ensuring that each party is communicating
Authenticated_Key_Exchange
Anonymous message sharing app
Secret was an iOS and Android app service that allowed people to share messages anonymously within their circle of friends, friends of friends, and publicly
Secret_(app)
Aspect of cryptography
construction Secured application-level data transport Non-repudiation methods Secret sharing methods Secure multi-party computation For example, Transport Layer
Cryptographic_protocol
Hash functions
as Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA) and therefore must always be used with a secret key in order to be secure. That is, SHA is designed so that it is difficult
SipHash
Cryptographic protocol
an AE public–private key pair, to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel. This shared secret may be directly used as a key, or to derive another
Algebraic_Eraser
Cryptographic protocol
libotr. Instead of comparing key checksums, knowledge of an arbitrary shared secret can be utilised for which relatively low entropy can be tolerated. Version
Off-the-Record Messaging protocol
Off-the-Record_Messaging_protocol
SHARED SECRET
SHARED SECRET
Girl/Female
Arabic, Iranian, Muslim
Honey
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Autumn
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Shamuwr, SHAMER means "a message, tidings" or "that which is heard." In the bible, this is the name of a Levite.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, German, Jamaican, Welsh
Gray; Sacred; Grey Haired
Surname or Lastname
English or Irish
English or Irish : variant of Harnett.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Hebrew
Fertile Plain; Place Name; A Plain; It Refers to Flat Land at the Foot of Mount Carmel
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Celtic, Christian, English, Irish, Welsh
White Haired; The Hollow; Flood; Gray-haired; Gray; Sacred; Gray Haired
Girl/Female
Biblical
Destroying, wearing out.
Biblical
destroying; wearing out
Girl/Female
American, Australian, French, German, Hebrew, Jamaican
Beloved; A Man; The Plain; Dearest
Girl/Female
Indian
Honey, Witness, Patriot
Boy/Male
Muslim
Lover
Male
Hebrew
(ש×ָרָר) Hebrew name SHARAR means "enemy" or "to be firm, hard." In the bible, this is the name of the father of Ahiam.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic
Kind Hearted
Girl/Female
Muslim
Honey, Witness, Patriot
Girl/Female
American, Australian
Honor Confers a Crown
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Autumn; Name of a Season
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Honey
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Lucky, Blissful, Witness
SHARED SECRET
SHARED SECRET
Male
English
English form of French Laurent, LAURENCE means "of Laurentum."
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Bearer of Scriptures
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
The Holy Trinity
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
A Famous Poet
Male
German
Variant spelling of German Hraban, RABAN means "raven."
Boy/Male
Indian
Crown, The Taaj Mahal, Jewel
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Enclosed Meadow
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil
Caring; Divine; Lovable
Girl/Female
Arabic
Peace and Kindness; Bright Star; Alive and Well; Gentle
Girl/Female
French
Dearly loved; Beloved. From the Old French Amee, which derives from the Latin amatus meaning...
SHARED SECRET
SHARED SECRET
SHARED SECRET
SHARED SECRET
SHARED SECRET
a.
Shaped like a globe.
a.
In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired.
v.
A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as, a small share of prudence.
a.
Shaped like a strap; ligulate; as, a strap-shaped corolla.
a.
Shaped like an awl.
v. t.
To partake of, use, or experience, with others; to have a portion of; to take and possess in common; as, to share a shelter with another.
a.
Shaped like the lash of a whip; long, slender, round, and tapering; as, a whip-shaped root or stem.
imp. & p. p.
of Shred
a.
Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service.
imp. & p. p.
of Share
n.
One who shares; a participator; a partaker; also, a divider; a distributer.
a.
Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of Galeate.
a.
Without scales, or with the scales removed; as, scaled herring.
a.
Resembling a bristle in form; as, a bristle-shaped leaf.
a.
Shaped like a saddle.
a.
Shaped like a worm; /hick and almost cylindrical, but variously curved or bent; as, a worm-shaped root.
a.
Shaped like a diamond or rhombus.
a.
Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.), linear or oblong, and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped leaf.
a.
Shaped like a wheel.
v.
Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions into which any property or invested capital is divided; as, a ship owned in ten shares.