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Computer program for the Boolean satisfiability problem
science and formal methods, a SAT solver is a computer program which aims to solve the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). On input a formula over Boolean
SAT_solver
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
(11 March 2019). "Learning a SAT Solver from Single-Bit Supervision". arXiv:1802.03685 [cs.AI]. "The international SAT Competitions web page". Retrieved
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Logical problem studied in computer science
to the DPLL-based SAT solver which, in turn, interacts with a solver for theory T through a well-defined interface. The theory solver only needs to worry
Satisfiability modulo theories
Satisfiability_modulo_theories
Linux package management library
decided to integrate SAT algorithms into the ZYpp stack; the solver algorithms used were based on the popular minisat solver. The SAT solver implementation
ZYpp
GRASP is a well known SAT instance solver. It was developed by João Marques Silva, a Portuguese computer science researcher. It stands for Generic seaRch
GRASP_(SAT_solver)
SatZ is a well known SAT instance solver. It was developed by Prof. Chu Min Li, a computer science researcher. The Z stands for the last version of SAT
Satz_(SAT_solver)
Programming paradigm focused on difficult search problems
Cmodels. These converted ASP formula into SAT propositions, applied the SAT solver, and then converted the solutions back to ASP form. More recent systems
Answer_set_programming
Software for a class of mathematical problems
mathematical problem. A solver takes problem descriptions in some sort of generic form and calculates their solution. In a solver, the emphasis is on creating
Solver
SAT solving algorithm
and clauses brute force search is impractical. The responsibility of a SAT solver is to find a satisfying assignment efficiently and quickly by applying
Conflict-driven clause learning
Conflict-driven_clause_learning
Topics referred to by the same term
SAT, Sat, Sats, sat, or sats in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The SAT is a standardized college admissions test in the United States. SAT or Sat may
SAT_(disambiguation)
Mathematical program specifications
then the program always conforms to the specification. A SAT solver is a program that can solve the Boolean satisfiability problem, the problem of finding
Formal_methods
Declarative specification language
boolean SAT solver. Through version 3.0, the Alloy Analyzer incorporated an integral SAT-based model-finder based on an off-the-shelf SAT-solver. However
Alloy (specification language)
Alloy_(specification_language)
Check the validity of a logic formula
Algorithm DP SAT solver Input: A set of clauses Φ. Output: A Truth Value: true if Φ can be satisfied, false otherwise. function DP-SAT(Φ) repeat // unit
Davis–Putnam_algorithm
Algorithm to solve SMT problems
consults a theory solver to check consistency under the domain-specific theory, and then (if a contradiction is found) refines the SAT formula with this
DPLL(T)
Programming paradigm based on modeling the logic of a computation
propositional SAT solver, such as the DPLL algorithm to generate one or more models of the program. Its applications are oriented towards solving difficult
Declarative_programming
Software; application level dependency manager for the PHP programming language
"bundler". The project's dependency solving algorithm started out as a PHP-based port of openSUSE's libzypp SAT solver. Composer runs from the command line
Composer_(software)
Problem in computational complexity theory
problems, the SAT Conference. In 2006 the SAT Conference hosted the first MAX-SAT evaluation comparing performance of practical solvers for MAX-SAT, as it has
Maximum satisfiability problem
Maximum_satisfiability_problem
Standardized test used for U.S. college admissions
The SAT (/ˌɛs.ˌeɪ.ˈtiː/ , ess-ay-TEE) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Since its debut in 1926, its name
SAT
Can one split the integers into two sets such that every Pythagorean triple spans both?
expressed as Boolean satisfiability problems, were examined using a SAT solver. Creating the proof took about 4 CPU-years of computation over a period
Boolean Pythagorean triples problem
Boolean_Pythagorean_triples_problem
Logic puzzle
encoding the puzzle as a Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), allowing it to be solved using a SAT solver. This algorithm may also be used to generate puzzles
Pipes_(puzzle)
Sequence of numbers consisting of 1 and -1
was the best such bound available at the time. Their proof relied on a SAT-solver computer algorithm whose output takes up 13 gigabytes of data, more than
Sign_sequence
Type of search algorithm
propositional logic formulae in conjunctive normal form, i.e. for solving the CNF-SAT problem. It was introduced in 1961 by Martin Davis, George Logemann
DPLL_algorithm
search space and speed up the search process. One of the cornerstone SAT solver algorithms is the DPLL algorithm. The algorithm works by iteratively assigning
Boolean satisfiability algorithm heuristics
Boolean_satisfiability_algorithm_heuristics
original proof, generated by a SAT solver, had a size of 13 gigabytes and was later reduced to 850 megabytes. 2016 – Solving the Boolean Pythagorean triples
List of long mathematical proofs
List_of_long_mathematical_proofs
Operation in Boolean circuit theory
a different answer, the clause (x1 ∨ x2 ∨ x3) can be appended and the SAT solver executed again. Presented is one possible derivation of the CNF sub-expression
Tseytin_transformation
Field in logic and theoretical computer science
algorithms. This connects proof complexity to more applied areas such as SAT solving. Mathematical logic can also serve as a framework to study propositional
Proof_complexity
Mathematical proof at least partially generated by computer
2006 and 2016) computed several van der Waerden numbers using FPGA-based SAT-solver. NP-hardness of minimum-weight triangulation, 2008 Ahmed (between 2009
Computer-assisted_proof
Meta-algorithmic technique to choose an algorithm
number of unsolved instances. So, the goal is to select a well-performing SAT solver for each individual instance. In the same way, algorithm selection can
Algorithm_selection
Dutch computer scientist
trillion subcases using a heuristic. Each subclass was then solved using a Boolean satisfiability solver. Creating the proof took about 4 CPU-years of computation
Marijn_Heule
Finite-state machine
been augmented with making several steps of the EDSM algorithm prior to SAT solver execution: the DFASAT algorithm. This allows reducing the search space
Deterministic finite automaton
Deterministic_finite_automaton
Local search algorithm solving boolean satisfiability
In computer science, GSAT and WalkSAT are local search algorithms to solve Boolean satisfiability problems. Both algorithms work on formulae in Boolean
WalkSAT
Problem of finding a cycle through all vertices of a graph
paths can be found using a SAT solver. The Hamiltonian path is NP-Complete meaning it can be mapping reduced to the 3-SAT problem. As a result, finding
Hamiltonian_path_problem
Unsolved problem in computer science
attacks on secure hash functions using SAT solvers". Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing – SAT 2007. International Conference on Theory
P_versus_NP_problem
Algorithms which recursively solve subproblems
closest pair of points, syntactic analysis (e.g., top-down parsers), SAT solving, and computing the discrete Fourier transform (FFT). Designing efficient
Divide-and-conquer_algorithm
Open source software suite by Google
Google's open source linear programming solver, GLOP, was released as part of OR-Tools. The CP-SAT solver bundled with OR-Tools has been consistently
OR-Tools
German computer scientist
the Hard Combinatorial SAT+UNSAT of the SAT challenge 2012 with clasp-crafted and two tracks of the configurable SAT solver challenge 2013 with clasp-cssc
Marius_Lindauer
Software for solving satisfiability problems
known as the Z3 Theorem Prover, is a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver developed by Microsoft. Z3 was developed in the Research in Software Engineering
Z3_Theorem_Prover
Higher-order logic (HOL) automated theorem prover
Blanchette, Mathias Fleury, Peter Lammich & Christoph Weidenbach, "A Verified SAT Solver Framework with Learn, Forget, Restart, and Incrementality", Journal of
Isabelle_(proof_assistant)
satisfiability (SAT) solver. Another technique, in which learning is converted into a satisfiability problem (weighted MAX-SAT in this case) and SAT solvers are used
Action_model_learning
Unsolved problem in combinatorial geometry
which was shown to be correct in 2025 by Pavlo Savchuk with the use of a SAT solver. The following bounds are known: The version of the problem in the projective
Kobon_triangle_problem
Method for automated planning
For each horizon, a corresponding SAT formula is generated and checked by a SAT solver. If satisfiable, the solver’s output reveals the action sequence
Satplan
Programming algorithm
Madigan, Y. Zhao, L. Zhang, S. Malik. Chaff: Engineering an Efficient SAT Solver, 39th Design Automation Conference (DAC 2001), Las Vegas, ACM 2001. Vizel
Chaff_algorithm
Statement in mathematical combinatorics
{\displaystyle R(3,9)} was conducted using the SAT+CAS framework MathCheck, which integrates a SAT solver with a computer algebra system. The verification
Ramsey's_theorem
In backtracking algorithms, technique that reduces search space
In constraint programming and SAT solving, backjumping (also known as non-chronological backtracking or intelligent backtracking) is an enhancement for
Backjumping
Impossible task in computing
conjunctions; they are generally decided nowadays using SMT-solving techniques, which combine SAT-solving with decision procedures for conjunctions and propagation
Entscheidungsproblem
Computational Formula that can be measured in terms of True or False
CEGAR-based solver for quantified Boolean formulas; winner of the recent editions of QBFEVAL as of 2021.[failed verification] DepQBF - a search-based solver for
True quantified Boolean formula
True_quantified_Boolean_formula
In logic, a statement which is always true
Peter (2010). Fundamentals of Mathematical Logic. Springer. p. 98. See SAT solver for references. "New Members". Naval Engineers Journal. 114 (1): 17–18
Tautology_(logic)
Topics referred to by the same term
to: Satz, a formal section in music analysis Satz (SAT solver), a well known SAT instance solver Alexander Satz (1941–2007), Russian pianist and educator
Satz_(disambiguation)
Indian-American computer scientist
best known for his contributions to fast solvers for boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving. The Chaff solver built by he and his students ushered in a
Sharad_Malik
Installation and configuration tool by SUSE
releases. Starting with openSUSE 11.0 alpha 3, ZYpp was integrated with the SAT solver project, making YaST and Zypper faster than other RPM Package Manager
YaST
Type of context-free grammar
Martin (2008). "Analyzing Context-Free Grammars Using an Incremental SAT Solver" (PDF). Proceedings of the 35th International Colloquium on Automata,
Ambiguous_grammar
Topics referred to by the same term
others for relativistic atomic structure calculations GRASP (SAT solver), an SAT instance solver Greedy randomized adaptive search procedure USS Grasp, two
Grasp_(disambiguation)
Technique for symbolic model checking and logic calculi
propositional formula that is then checked for Boolean satisfiability by a SAT solver. When counterexamples are found, they are examined to determine if they
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement
Counterexample-guided_abstraction_refinement
Branch of logic
work has extended the SAT solver algorithms to work with propositions containing arithmetic expressions; these are the SMT solvers. Philosophy portal First-order
Propositional_logic
Digital workload distribution techniques
David (October 2013). "A Dynamic Moldable Job Scheduling Based Parallel SAT Solver". 2013 42nd International Conference on Parallel Processing. pp. 110–119
Load_balancing_(computing)
OR operators. XOR-SAT is in P, since an XOR-SAT formula can also be viewed as a system of linear equations mod 2, and can be solved in cubic time by Gaussian
XOR-SAT
Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023. "SAT: Understanding Scores" (PDF). College Board. 2022. Archived (PDF) from the
Timeline of artificial intelligence
Timeline_of_artificial_intelligence
The SAT is a standardized test commonly used for the purpose of admission to colleges and universities in the United States. The test, owned by the College
History_of_the_SAT
SMT solver for software verification
Alt-Ergo comprises three main elements: a depth-first search (DFS)-based SAT solver, a quantifiers instantiation engine that uses e-matching, and an assembly
Alt-Ergo
Family of block ciphers
the Approximate Probability of Differentials for ARX-Based Cipher Using SAT Solver". Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security and Cryptology
Speck_(cipher)
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
algebraic attacks.[why?] That is, they are possible to describe and solve via a SAT solver. This is in part why AES (for instance) has an affine mapping after
Differential_cryptanalysis
Logic puzzle
Rusydi H. (2017). "Solving a Binary Puzzle". Mathematics in Computer Science. 11 (3–4): 515–526. doi:10.1007/s11786-017-0322-4. Python Takuzu solver
Takuzu
Annual automated theorem proving competition
Daniel; Roussel, Olivier; Simon, Laurent (2012). "The international SAT solver competitions". AI Magazine. 33 (1): 89–92. doi:10.1609/aimag.v33i1.2395
CADE_ATP_System_Competition
Software verification technique
execution is used in conjunction with an automated theorem prover or constraint solver based on constraint logic programming to generate new concrete inputs (test
Concolic_testing
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Then they apply a propositional logic problem solver, such as the DPLL algorithm or a Boolean SAT solver. However, some implementations, such as s(CASP)
Logic_programming
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Stage of electronic circuit design validation
implementation (HDL Code). This type of generator utilizes an NP-complete type of SAT solver that can be computationally expensive. Other types of generators include
Functional_verification
Software for solving constraint satisfaction problems
Scalable, Constraint Solver" (PDF). Gent, Ian P.; Jefferson, Christopher; Miguel, Ian (2006). "Minion: A Fast, Scalable, Constraint Solver" (PDF). ECAI 2006
Minion_(solver)
computer science, the Sharp Satisfiability Problem (sometimes called Sharp-SAT, #SAT or model counting) is the problem of counting the number of interpretations
♯SAT
satisfiability modulo theories (SMT)”. Several software tools (a SAT solver, and a CSP solver) that were developed by his students under his supervision won
Ofer_Strichman
Set of strings with few differences
is the whole Hamming space. Some local search algorithms for SAT solvers such as WalkSAT operate by using random guessing or covering codes to find a
Hamming_ball
Portuguese mathematician and researcher
checking and biology. He has published over 50 papers. He developed the SAT solver GRASP during his PhD. "Article de João Marques Silva a la revista AI Magazine"
João_Marques_Silva
American electrical engineer and computer scientist
known for his work on computational logic, functional verification, SAT solvers, satisfiability modulo theories, and the Graph automorphism problem.
Karem_A._Sakallah
Graph layout on multiple half-planes
into an instance of the Boolean satisfiability problem and applying a SAT solver to the resulting problem. They state that their system is capable of finding
Book_embedding
Mathematical problem
Aaronson reporting independent verifications of de Grey's result using SAT solvers. Kalai linked additional posts by Jordan Ellenberg and Noam Elkies, with
Hadwiger–Nelson_problem
Order-preserving mathematical function
such functions on n variables is known as the Dedekind number of n. SAT solving, generally an NP-hard task, can be achieved efficiently when all involved
Monotonic_function
Constraint modeling language
supported by the target solver and then given to the solver using its preferred format. Currently MiniZinc can communicate with solvers using its own format
MiniZinc
Family of proportional election methods
elected. The proof is by induction; the base case (k=3) was found by a SAT solver. For k=2, the impossibility holds with a slightly stronger strategyproofness
Multiwinner_approval_voting
the proofs generated by automated theorem proving tools such as SAT solvers, SMT-solvers, first-order theorem provers and proof assistants. In propositional
Proof_compression
Roman-era word square with a Latin palindrome
The Sator Square (also called the Rotas-Sator Square or the Templar Magic Square) is a two-dimensional acrostic class of word square containing a five-word
Sator_Square
Five coplanar points have a subset forming a convex quadrilateral
{\displaystyle N\leq f(15)} . Heule & Scheucher (2024) showed, by using a SAT solving approach, that N = 30 {\displaystyle N=30} . The problem of finding sets
Happy_ending_problem
Process in digital electronics and integrated circuit design
finding optimal circuit representations using a SAT solver. A heuristic method uses established rules that solve a practical useful subset of the much larger
Logic_optimization
Problem in formal logic
satisfiability that are solvable in polynomial time; the other such subclass is 2-satisfiability. A dual variant of Horn SAT is Dual-Horn SAT, in which each clause
Horn-satisfiability
Programming Contest
evaluating deeply nested programs, often requiring symbolic reasoning or SAT solvers). 2025 Liam O’Connor, Jack Stodart Develop algorithms to map a labyrinthine
ICFP_Programming_Contest
Application of model-based design
constraints. Solving the set of constraints can be done by Boolean solvers (e.g. SAT-solvers based on the Boolean satisfiability problem) or by numerical analysis
Model-based_testing
Concept in the Boolean satisfiability problem
unsatisfiable is called an unsatisfiable core of the original formula. Many SAT solvers can produce a resolution graph which proves the unsatisfiability of the
Unsatisfiable_core
November 3, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023. "Woman Who Died While Watching TV Sat Unfound for 42 Years | Horror Amino". Horror | aminoapps.com. Archived from
List of solved missing person cases (1950–1969)
List_of_solved_missing_person_cases_(1950–1969)
Process of changing beliefs to take into account a new piece of information
object-oriented web-based revision and extraction engine (Williams, Sims) ADS – SAT solver–based belief revision (Benferhat, Kaci, Le Berre, Williams) BReLS Immortal
Belief_revision
Classic NP-complete problem in computer science
science, the circuit satisfiability problem (also known as CIRCUIT-SAT, CircuitSAT, CSAT, etc.) is the decision problem of determining whether a given
Circuit satisfiability problem
Circuit_satisfiability_problem
negative. Their result was independently verified in 2021 by using a SAT solver to generate computer-verifiable certificates for the correctness of the
Lam's_problem
(for ≥6 voters and ≥4 candidates). This was proved with the help of a SAT Solver using 386 different profiles. With anonymity and neutrality as additional
Fractional_approval_voting
language C, to answer set programs. Since modern answer-set solvers make use of Boolean SAT algorithms to very rapidly ascertain satisfiability, this implies
Action_language
Cryptanalytic attacks using a system of multivariate equations
{\displaystyle 2^{16}} known plaintexts, a slide-algebraic attack that uses a SAT solver can break 2 53 {\displaystyle 2^{53}} Keeloq encryptions in 2 64 {\displaystyle
Algebraic_attack
Family of lightweight block ciphers
the Approximate Probability of Differentials for ARX-Based Cipher Using SAT Solver". Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security and Cryptology
Simon_(cipher)
First passive communications satellite experiment
mass. Later passive communications satellites, such as OV1-08 PasComSat, solved the problems associated with this by using a grid-sphere design instead
Project_Echo
Fair item allocation problem
for n=2. However, it is now in NP, and can be solved efficiently with an NP oracle (e.g. a SAT solver). With n ≥ 5 {\displaystyle n\geq 5} agents, it
Envy-free_item_allocation
Computational problem in graph theory
"Computing binary combinatorial gray codes via exhaustive search with SAT solvers", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 54 (4): 1819–1823, doi:10
Snake-in-the-box
Unproven computational hardness assumption
(1999). It states that satisfiability of 3-CNF Boolean formulas (3-SAT) cannot be solved in subexponential time, 2 o ( n ) {\displaystyle 2^{o(n)}} . More
Exponential_time_hypothesis
Graph with at most one crossing per edge
Michael; Zielke, Christian (2015), "The book embedding problem from a SAT-solving perspective", Proc. 23rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and
1-planar_graph
Principle that voting for a candidate should help them
Peters, Dominik (2016-01-01). "Optimal Bounds for the No-Show Paradox via SAT Solving". Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents
Participation_criterion
SAT SOLVER
SAT SOLVER
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sai baba
Girl/Female
American, British, Christian, English, Greek, Hindu, Hungarian, Indian, Swedish
Pure; Form of Catherine; Cat
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sai baba
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a producer or seller of salt, from Middle English salt, or a habitational name from a place in Staffordshire, so called for a salt pit there.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sai = Sai baba, Shivudu = Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu
Real
Boy/Male
Hindu
Immortal, Shirdi Sai baba
Boy/Male
Hindu
Putaparti Sai baba
Female
English
Short form of English Sally, SAL means "noble lady, princess." Compare with masculine Sal.
Male
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Salvador, SAL means "savior." Compare with feminine Sal.
Boy/Male
Australian, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Truth
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Sait, from the Old English personal name Sǣgēat (‘sea Geat’).
Boy/Male
Indian, Marathi
God Sai
Female
Finnish
Finnish name SATU means "fable."
Boy/Male
Indian
God Sai
Female
English
Pet form of English Katherine, KAT means "pure."
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 2' Lord Say.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sai
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Matt, MAT means "gift of God."
Male
Hebrew
 Short form of Hebrew Nathan, NAT means "a giver" or "whom God gave." Compare with another form of Nat.
SAT SOLVER
SAT SOLVER
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sailor
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Lives at the Meadow's Ridge
Boy/Male
Norse
An outlaw.
Boy/Male
Egyptian
He who brings back the distant one.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
House; Mansion
Boy/Male
Muslim
The peace, The source of peace and safety
Girl/Female
English American Hebrew
Abbreviation of Rebecca.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English cobel ‘rowboat’, presumably applied as a metonymic occupational name for a maker of such or possibly as a nickname for a sailor.Americanized spelling of German Kobel.
Girl/Female
English Persian
The name of a flowering pale-purple shrub.
Female
Norwegian
 Danish and Norwegian form of Latin Christina, KIRSTEN means "believer" or "follower of Christ." Compare with another form of Kirsten.
SAT SOLVER
SAT SOLVER
SAT SOLVER
SAT SOLVER
SAT SOLVER
n.
A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.
v. t.
To occupy a place or seat as a member of an official body; as, to sit in Congress.
imp. & p. p.
of Set
v. t.
To place on a seat; to cause to sit down; as, to seat one's self.
n.
A sitting; a right to sit; regular or appropriate place of sitting; as, a seat in a church; a seat for the season in the opera house.
imp.
Sate; sat.
n.
A sort of salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach brine.
n.
A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or giving shape to, metal; as, a saw set.
n.
Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.
p. p.
of Sit
n.
An instrument used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little sidewise, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the blade, to prevent friction; -- called also saw-wrest.
imp.
Saw.
v. t.
To sit upon; to keep one's seat upon; as, he sits a horse well.
imp.
of Sit
n.
Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water.
v. t.
To put in order in a particular manner; to prepare; as, to set (that is, to hone) a razor; to set a saw.
n.
See Saw-set.
n.
Salt.