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cryptography, rotational cryptanalysis is a generic cryptanalytic attack against algorithms that rely on three operations: modular addition, rotation and XOR
Rotational_cryptanalysis
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
Differential cryptanalysis Harvest now, decrypt later Impossible differential cryptanalysis Improbable differential cryptanalysis Integral cryptanalysis Linear
Cryptanalysis
Cryptographer
with Alex Biryukov Tradeoff Cryptanalysis of Memory-Hard Functions, Asiacrypt 2015, with Alex Biryukov Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX Revisited, FSE 2015
Dmitry_Khovratovich
Cryptographic hash function
(2010-10-20). "Rotational Rebound Attacks on Reduced Skein". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Dmitry Khovratovich & Ivica Nikolić (2010). "Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX"
Skein_(hash_function)
Block cipher
to a string of bytes. In October 2010, an attack that combines rotational cryptanalysis with the rebound attack was published. The attack mounts a known-key
Threefish
Type of cipher
A linear cryptanalysis is a form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the
Block_cipher
Family of block ciphers
key lengths. The design team says that their cryptanalysis included linear and differential cryptanalysis using standard techniques such as Matsui's algorithm
Speck_(cipher)
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash
Differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
2000[update], the best published cryptanalysis of the Twofish block cipher is a truncated differential cryptanalysis of the full 16-round version. The
Twofish
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
less complexity than a brute-force search: differential cryptanalysis (DC), linear cryptanalysis (LC), and Davies' attack. However, the attacks are theoretical
Data_Encryption_Standard
Decryption of the cipher of the Enigma machine
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
letter, a syllable, or a pair of letters, etc.) to produce a cyphertext. Cryptanalysis is the term used for the study of methods for obtaining the meaning
Cryptography
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
and Dmitry Khovratovich, Related-key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256, "Related-key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256". Table
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Family of lightweight block ciphers
state this was included to block slide and rotational cryptanalysis attacks. Still, rotational-XOR cryptanalysis has been used to find distinguishers against
Simon_(cipher)
Form of cryptanalysis
In cryptography, linear cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have
Linear_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Youngdai; Chang, Donghoon; Lee, Wonil; Lee, Sangjin (2004). "Differential Cryptanalysis of TEA and XTEA". In Lim, JI.; Lee, DH. (eds.). Information Security
XTEA
Set of cryptographic hash functions
Morawiecki, Paweł; Pieprzyk, Josef; Srebrny, Marian (2013). "Rotational Cryptanalysis of Round-Reduced Keccak" (PDF). In Moriai, S (ed.). Fast Software
SHA-3
Attack applicable to block and stream ciphers
cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness
Mod_n_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
than exhaustive search) within months using impossible differential cryptanalysis. A truncated differential attack was also published against 28 rounds
Skipjack_(cipher)
Block cipher
rotated 56 bits for use in the next two rounds. Only a small amount of cryptanalysis has been published on NewDES. The designer showed that NewDES exhibits
NewDES
Basic component of symmetric key algorithms
perfect S-box. S-boxes can be analyzed using linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis in the form of a Linear approximation table (LAT) or
S-box
Algorithm
known-plaintext attacks, chosen-plaintext attacks, differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis. Careful construction of the functions for each round can
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Stream ciphers
"most interesting Salsa20 cryptanalysis". This attack and all subsequent attacks are based on truncated differential cryptanalysis. In 2006, Fischer, Meier
Salsa20
Block cipher
cipher cryptanalysis" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Posteuca, R.; Negara, G. (2015). "Integral cryptanalysis of round-reduced
Prince_(cipher)
Simple and widely known encryption technique
2307/3101474. JSTOR 3101474. Sinkov, Abraham; Paul L. Irwin (1966). Elementary Cryptanalysis: A Mathematical Approach. Mathematical Association of America. pp. 13–15
Caesar_cipher
Block cipher
in them are what both differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis seek to exploit. While Madryga's rotations are data-dependent to a small degree
Madryga
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
Kara (2008). "Reflection Cryptanalysis of Some Ciphers". Nicolas T. Courtois; Michał Miształ (2011). "Differential Cryptanalysis of GOST". IACR. Nicolas
GOST_(block_cipher)
Type of cryptanalytic attack
NXT). Unlike differential cryptanalysis, which uses pairs of chosen plaintexts with a fixed XOR difference, integral cryptanalysis uses sets or even multisets
Integral_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Blowfish provides a good encryption rate in software, and no effective cryptanalysis of it has been found to date for smaller files. It is recommended Blowfish
Blowfish_(cipher)
Cryptographic algorithm
PRESENT was suggested in 2014. Several full-round attacks using biclique cryptanalysis have been introduced on PRESENT. By design all block ciphers with a
PRESENT
Exploitation of impossible differences in block ciphers
impossible differential cryptanalysis is a form of differential cryptanalysis for block ciphers. While ordinary differential cryptanalysis tracks differences
Impossible differential cryptanalysis
Impossible_differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Structure Feistel network Rounds 48 DES-equivalent rounds Best public cryptanalysis Lucks: 232 known plaintexts, 2113 operations including 290 DES encryptions
Triple_DES
Block cipher
susceptible to various forms of cryptanalysis, and has acted as a catalyst in the discovery of differential and linear cryptanalysis. There have been several
FEAL
Block cipher
slices. This maximizes parallelism but also allows use of the extensive cryptanalysis work performed on DES. Serpent took a conservative approach to security
Serpent_(cipher)
Authenticated encryption mode
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Galois/Counter_Mode
Form of cryptanalysis
the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David
Boomerang_attack
Block cipher
chosen-plaintext attack requiring 259 queries and negligible work. See cryptanalysis below. The cipher's designers were Roger Needham and David Wheeler of
XXTEA
Block cipher
Code Hopping Transponder and Encoder..." Martin Novotny; Timo Kasper. "Cryptanalysis of KeeLoq with COPACOBANA" (PDF). SHARCS 2009 Conference: 159–164. {{cite
KeeLoq
Block cipher
Kelsey, John; Schneier, Bruce; Wagner, David (1997). "Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA". Information
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Attacks against common ciphers
Rechberger (2011-08-17). "Biclique Cryptanalysis of the Full AES". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Vincent Rijmen (1997). "Cryptanalysis and Design of Iterated Block
Cipher_security_summary
Symmetric-key block cipher
designers analysed IDEA to measure its strength against differential cryptanalysis and concluded that it is immune under certain assumptions. No successful
International Data Encryption Algorithm
International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm
Message-digest hashing algorithm
"Terminology and Notation", Page 2. Berson, Thomas A. (1992). "Differential Cryptanalysis Mod 232 with Applications to MD5". EUROCRYPT. pp. 71–80. ISBN 3-540-56413-6
MD5
Block cipher
structure, known as Generalized Unbalanced Feistel Networks (GUFNs). The cryptanalysis proceeded very quickly, so quickly that the cipher was broken at the
MacGuffin_(cipher)
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
ISBN 1-932266-65-8. Diffie, W.; Hellman, M.E. (1977). "Exhaustive Cryptanalysis of the NBS Data Encryption Standard". Computer. 10: 74–84. doi:10.1109/c-m
Brute-force_attack
Cryptographic attack
or the dividend is small. CPUs without a barrel shifter run shifts and rotations in a loop, one position at a time. As a result, the amount to shift must
Timing_attack
Form of cryptanalaysis
In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack against block ciphers. Lars Knudsen
Truncated differential cryptanalysis
Truncated_differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Red Pike Biryukov, Alex; Kushilevitz, Eyal (31 May 1998). Improved Cryptanalysis of RC5 (PDF). EUROCRYPT 1998. doi:10.1007/BFb0054119. Rivest, R. L.
RC5
Block cipher
Deukjo Hong; Seokhie Hong; Sangjin Lee & Jongin Lim (2003). "Linear Cryptanalysis on SPECTR-H64 with Higher Order Differential Property". Computer Network
Spectr-H64
Variant of the meet-in-the-middle method of cryptanalysis
of cryptanalysis. It utilizes a biclique structure to extend the number of possibly attacked rounds by the MITM attack. Since biclique cryptanalysis is
Biclique_attack
Block cipher
Differential Cryptanalysis of CLEFIA". Retrieved 25 October 2010. Cihangir Tezcan (8 August 2010). "The Improbable Differential Attack: Cryptanalysis of Reduced
CLEFIA
Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key
the cipher key and the round keys, in order to resist such forms of cryptanalysis as related-key attacks and slide attacks, many modern ciphers use more
Key_schedule
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
letters for this purpose has a side benefit of making some kinds of cryptanalysis more difficult. Most modern cryptographic hash functions process messages
Padding_(cryptography)
Input to a cryptographic primitive
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Initialization_vector
Technique in cryptography
cryptanalysis is a form of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. Developed by Carlo Harpes in 1995, the attack is a generalization of linear cryptanalysis
Partitioning_cryptanalysis
Earliest civilian block ciphers
blocks and 128-bit keys. This version is susceptible to differential cryptanalysis; for about half the keys, the cipher can be broken with 236 chosen plaintexts
Lucifer_(cipher)
Block cipher
"Cryptanalysis of the Improved Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm" (PDF). The attack on CMEA Press release and the NSA response Cryptanalysis of
Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm
Cellular_Message_Encryption_Algorithm
Block cipher
also increases the strength of DES against differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis, although the improvement is much smaller than in the case
DES-X
Block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee
SHARK. Zodiac is theoretically vulnerable to impossible differential cryptanalysis, which can recover a 128-bit key in 2119 encryptions. Zodiac Technical
Zodiac_(cipher)
Cryptographic hash function
carry them out. The authors named this significant breakthrough in the cryptanalysis of SHA-1 The SHAppening. The method was based on their earlier work
SHA-1
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
known plaintexts to perform; previous methods of cryptanalysis, such as linear and differential cryptanalysis, often require unrealistically large numbers
XSL_attack
Block cipher
network Block sizes 128 bits Structure Substitution–permutation network Rounds 10 Best public cryptanalysis A meet-in-the-middle attack on 5 rounds.
Kuznyechik
Block cipher
to a range of attacks, including differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis and mod n cryptanalysis. "ISO/IEC9979-0020 Register Entry" (PDF). Professor
M8_(cipher)
Mechanical cipher machine
Reeds, D. Ritchie, R. Morris, "The Hagelin Cipher Machine (M-209): Cryptanalysis from Ciphertext Alone", unpublished technical memorandum, Bell Laboratories
M-209
Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
AES_implementations
Principle used in linear cryptanalysis
In cryptanalysis, the piling-up lemma is a principle used in linear cryptanalysis to construct linear approximations to the action of block ciphers. It
Piling-up_lemma
Cryptographic hash primitive
32-bit version and 608 bits for the 64-bit version. The best known cryptanalysis has not broken this claim: It needs 352 bits of work for the 32-bit
RadioGatún
Cryptography construction
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Feistel_cipher
Block cipher
uses are AND, OR, XOR, modular addition, and bit rotation. It has been shown that linear cryptanalysis can break NUSH with less effort than a brute force
NUSH
Authenticated encryption mode with resistance against nonce reuse
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
AES-GCM-SIV
Block cipher
algorithms; Document 2: Kasumi specification". 3GPP. 2009. Kühn, Ulrich. Cryptanalysis of Reduced Round MISTY. EUROCRYPT 2001. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.59.7609. Elad
KASUMI
Action of recording the keys struck on a keyboard
exist, ranging from hardware and software-based approaches to acoustic cryptanalysis. In the mid-1970s, the Soviet Union developed and deployed a hardware
Keystroke_logging
Family of block ciphers
Following the publication of LOKI89, information on the new differential cryptanalysis became available, as well as some early analysis results by (Knudsen
LOKI
Form of cryptanalysis
the differential-linear attack is a mix of both linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis. The attack utilises a differential characteristic over
Differential-linear_attack
Process of developing the AES standard
memory, low gate count implementations, FPGAs). Some designs fell due to cryptanalysis that ranged from minor flaws to significant attacks, while others lost
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Block cipher
of data cryptography solutions. Sung, Jaechul (2011). "Differential cryptanalysis of eight-round SEED". Information Processing Letters. 111 (10): 474–478
SEED
Type of cryptanalytic attack
cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack used against block ciphers. While in standard differential cryptanalysis the
Higher-order differential cryptanalysis
Higher-order_differential_cryptanalysis
Generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack
a repetition of the same block cipher The MD-MITM has been used for cryptanalysis of, among many, the GOST block cipher, where it has been shown that
Meet-in-the-middle_attack
Block cipher
function of Akelarre is similar to IDEA in structure. After the successful cryptanalysis of Akelarre, its designers responded with an updated variant called
Akelarre_(cipher)
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
superior systems had been available since 1467, the usual response to cryptanalysis was simply to make the tables larger. By the late eighteenth century
Substitution_cipher
Block cipher
best public cryptanalysis of CAST-256 in the standard single secret key setting that works for all keys is the zero-correlation cryptanalysis breaking 28
CAST-256
Image capture method
Cameras". Linköping University. Retrieved 22 July 2025. "Video-Based Cryptanalysis". Ben Nassi. Retrieved 2023-08-13. Power LED Attack - Computerphile
Rolling_shutter
Tables comparing general and technical information for common hashes
all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. An overview of hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary. Basic general information
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
Comparison_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Substitution box used in the Rijndael cipher
was specifically designed to be resistant to linear and differential cryptanalysis. This was done by minimizing the correlation between linear transformations
Rijndael_S-box
Block cipher
3-Way, just as its counterpart BaseKing, is vulnerable to related key cryptanalysis. John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and David Wagner showed how it can be
3-Way
German cipher machine during World War II
improvements to the Enigma over the years that hampered decryption efforts, cryptanalysis of the Enigma continued throughout the war. Many commentators say the
Enigma_machine
Family of authenticated ciphers
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Ascon_(cipher)
Feistel network based block cipher
Sangjin; Lim, Jongin; Yoon, Seonhee (2001). "Truncated differential cryptanalysis of Camellia". In Kim, Kwangjo (ed.). Information Security and Cryptology
Camellia_(cipher)
Cipher
crypt. Usenet: [email protected]. Retrieved 2009-05-28. Cryptanalysis of S-1, Aug 27, 1995, The S-1 Algorithm, Sep 6, 1995, Iraqi block cipher
S-1_block_cipher
Block cipher
However, it was successfully broken in 2015 by Yosuke Todo using integral cryptanalysis; this attack was improved in the same year by Achiya Bar-On. "MISTY"
MISTY1
Block cipher
MBAL has been shown to be susceptible to both differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis. Schneier, Bruce (1996). Applied Cryptography (2nd ed.)
SXAL/MBAL
Set of cryptographic hash functions
with Davies–Meyer compression function Rounds 64 or 80 Best public cryptanalysis A 2011 attack breaks preimage resistance for 57 out of 80 rounds of
SHA-2
Cryptography algorithm
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Wide-block cipher
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Adiantum_(cipher)
Type of cryptographic attack
In cryptography, a related-key attack is any form of cryptanalysis where the attacker can observe the operation of a cipher under several different keys
Related-key_attack
Chinese block cipher
December 2024. p. 1-3. Retrieved 2 February 2025. Linear and Differential Cryptanalysis of Reduced SMS4 Block Cipher Example of SMS4 implemented as a Spreadsheet
SM4_(cipher)
Block cipher
chosen carefully. The same researchers have also proposed a differential cryptanalysis of CIKS-1 which uses 256 chosen plaintexts. B. Kidney, H. Heys, T. Norvell
CIKS-1
Cipher design construction
efficient to perform in hardware, such as exclusive or (XOR) and bitwise rotation. The key is introduced in each round, usually in the form of "round keys"
Substitution–permutation network
Substitution–permutation_network
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
CCM_mode
Concept in cryptography
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Avalanche_effect
Block cipher
and Pi4 functions but they are seemingly harder to exploit because the rotation value is smaller. There are other observations too, for example x = ROL(x
MULTI2
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Endowed with Speech; Eloquent; Spokesperson; Talker; Speaker; Rational; Categorical (Decision)
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Rational
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Great Happiness
Boy/Male
Muslim
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Boy/Male
Indian
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Animated; Rational
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Rational
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Light-hearted; Pledged to God
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Girl/Female
German, Greek
Noble; Kind; Rational
Girl/Female
American, Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble Kind; Nobility; Rational; Great Happiness; Form of Alice
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Categorical (decision) talker, speaker, rational
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
Girl/Female
Australian, Irish, Jamaican
Once Choice; Island; From Ennis
Boy/Male
English
Wealthy guardian. From the Old English name Eadweard, meaning rich or happy, and guardian. Famous...
Girl/Female
Indian
Charming, Enticing
Female
Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese form of Latin Isabella, SABELA means "God is my oath."
Boy/Male
Sikh
Gods warrior, Strength of Indra
Female
Hebrew
(צִלָה) Hebrew name TSILLAH means "shade, shadow." In the bible, this is the name of Lamech's second wife.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
A Precious Stones
Boy/Male
Teutonic American French German English
Shining raven.
Boy/Male
Tamil
King of a swan
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Soft
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
n.
Velocity of rotation about some specified axis.
n.
A turn revolution; rotation; compass.
a.
Circular; suitable to rotation.
a.
Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formulae. See under Formula.
a.
turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational.
n.
A rational being.
a.
Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.
a.
Of or pertaining to a station.
n.
The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution.
a.
Relating to the reason; not physical; mental.
n.
Rotation, as in office; succession.
a.
Indicating or specifying some relation.
n.
Any return or succesion in a series.
v. t.
To form a rational conception of.
a.
Having relation or kindred; related.
adv.
In a rational manner.
a.
Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; as, rational conduct; a rational man.
a.
Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass.
a.
Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.
a.
Probationary.