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Risk-sensitive foraging models help to explain the variance in foraging behaviour in animals. This model allows powerful predictions to be made about expected
Risk-sensitive foraging models
Risk-sensitive_foraging_models
Species of creeping annual plant
Mimosa pudica (also called sensitive plant, sleepy grass, sleepy plant, action plant, humble plant, touch-me-not, touch-and-die, shame plant or shy plant)
Mimosa_pudica
In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons
swimming in groups enhances foraging success. This ability was demonstrated by Pitcher and others in their study of foraging behaviour in shoaling cyprinids
Shoaling_and_schooling
Species of penguin
long foraging trips within a 30 km radius of their nest. Research conducted on the Philip Island colony found the spatial segregation of foraging behaviour
Little_penguin
Theory in evolutionary biology
(in kcal/h) than foraging for shellfish, where success depends only on the amount of time dedicated to searching, so shellfish foraging is a poor signal
Signalling_theory
Species of bee
than the queen, and usually die while foraging in the jaws of predators like birds or robberflies. The foraging range and frequency of workers depends
Bombus_terrestris
Species of mammal
tb00436.x. ISSN 0305-1838. Lawes, M. J.; Perrin, M. R. (1995). "Risk-Sensitive Foraging Behaviour of the Round-Eared Elephant Shrew (Macroscelides Proboscideus)"
Karoo_round-eared_sengi
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
analysis of past fire events to predict spotting risks and front behavior. Various wildfire propagation models have been proposed in the past, including simple
Wildfire
Species of insect
individual learning. New pollen foragers tend to return lighter from about the first 10 foraging trips, allowing foraging efficiency to increase, until
Bombus_ternarius
Neuroscientist
Dayan, P., & O'Doherty, J. P. (2012). Neural prediction errors reveal a risk-sensitive reinforcement-learning process in the human brain. Journal of Neuroscience
Yael_Niv
Biological interaction
widely foraging. The sit-and-wait method is most suitable if the prey are dense and mobile, and the predator has low energy requirements. Wide foraging expends
Predation
Species of bee
increasing the success of foraging and minimizing the danger of doing so from predation. This species has served as a model organism in studies of social
Megalopta_genalis
Collective behaviour of entities that swarm
researched for insight into pedestrian and traffic models. Simulations based on pedestrian models have also been applied to crowds which stampede because
Swarm_behaviour
American biologist
Accelerating extinction risk from climate change. Science. 348: 571–573. Urban M.C. & Richardson J.L. 2015. The evolution of foraging rate across local and
Mark_C._Urban
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
mental disorders may be explained by different models. The Vulnerability/Risk Model: According to this model, personality contributes to the onset or etiology
Big_Five_personality_traits
Provision to cells and organisms to support life
while minimizing the amount of time and energy spent foraging. It was created to analyze the foraging habits of animals, but it can also be extended to other
Nutrition
Risk of plant or animal species becoming extinct due to climate change
consequent reductions in body size despite increased foraging, which in turn elevates the risk of predation. Indeed, even a slight increase in temperature
Extinction risk from climate change
Extinction_risk_from_climate_change
Behavioral theory
2004.08.004. Baker, Michael D.; Maner, Jon K. (2009). "Male risk-taking as a context-sensitive signaling device". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology
Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology
Neurodevelopmental disorder
increases suicide risk through comorbidities. Rejection sensitivity is a heightened sensitivity to social rejection. The term "rejection sensitive dysphoria"
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Group of ethnicities native to Central Africa
The African Pygmies (or Congo Pygmies, variously also Central African foragers, African rainforest hunter-gatherers (RHG) or Forest People of Central Africa)
African_Pygmies
Species of bird
not yet been identified. Burned or freshly logged forests are suitable foraging habitats for olive-sided flycatchers due to the increased presence of flying
Olive-sided_flycatcher
Drug use vs. human evolutionary fitness
Evolutionary models of drug use seek to explain human drug usage from the perspective of evolutionary fitness. Plants, for instance, may provide fitness
Evolutionary models of human drug use
Evolutionary_models_of_human_drug_use
Large flightless seabird endemic to Antarctica
the female returns to the sea to feed; parents subsequently take turns foraging at sea and caring for their chick in the colony. The lifespan of an emperor
Emperor_penguin
Flowering plant (Japanese knotweed)
populations that invade sensitive wetland areas and drive out the native vegetation. It is eaten in Japan as sansai or wild foraged vegetable. In Europe
Reynoutria_japonica
Species of wasp
Most yellowjackets forage relatively close to the nest. The foraging distance ranges between 540 and 1800 feet. The average foraging distance is within
Vespula_pensylvanica
Species of mammal found in North America
and foraging at night. Individuals typically emerge from their roosts at dusk, foraging for 1.5–3 hours before stopping to roost. A second foraging bout
Little_brown_bat
Legume grown for its edible bean
amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins. Soy may reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease. Some people are allergic to soy. Soy is a complete
Soybean
Phenomenon in which the crowns of fully stocked trees do not touch each other
1111/1365-3040.ep11604091. Ballaré, CL; Scopel, AL; Sánchez, RA (June 1997). "Foraging for light: photosensory ecology and agricultural implications". Plant,
Crown_shyness
Species of honey bee
demonstrated that most shakers are foragers and the shaking signal is most often executed by foraging bees on pre-foraging bees, concluding that it is a transfer
Western_honey_bee
The beak of the toco toucan is integral to their vital social, feeding, foraging, and nest building behaviors. Since the toucan beak does not fully regenerate
Toco_toucan_beak
Species of mammal
relies primarily on a highly developed sense of touch for orientation and foraging. Its mobile, prehensile snout bears vibrissae at the base and Eimer's organs
Pyrenean_desman
Class of animals
including cooperation and cognitive abilities allowing them to optimize their foraging and territoriality over time. Crocodiles have relatively larger brains
Reptile
Medium-sized toothed whale species
muscles of narwhals are highly adapted for prolonged periods of deep-sea foraging. During such activities, oxygen is reserved in the muscles, which are typically
Narwhal
Ongoing extinction event caused by human activity
drought-tolerant extinct megafauna deposited with traces of fire, human foraging, and introduced animals in SW Madagascar". Scientific Reports. 12 (1):
Holocene_extinction
Genus of insect
shorter proboscides, like Bombus bifarius, have a more difficult time foraging nectar relative to other bumblebees with longer proboscides; to overcome
Bumblebee
Chemical compound
amounts that bees might be exposed to during foraging. Sublethal doses can affect orientation, foraging, learning ability and brood care. The study found:
Clothianidin
bird. The beaks of poultry are highly sensitive to pain, touch, heat and pressure. They use their beaks to forage the ground. Trimming their beaks makes
Cannibalism_in_poultry
Right of public access to land or bodies of water
drinking water reservoirs (see for instance Maridalsvannet). Wild berry foraging is part of the right. Picking cloudberries may, however, be restricted
Freedom_to_roam
Approach to optimizing robustness to failure
Yohay; Ben-Haim, Yakov (2005). "Info-gap robust-satisficing model of foraging behavior: Do foragers optimize or satisfice?". American Naturalist. 166 (5):
Info-gap_decision_theory
Species of marine reptile endemic to Galapagos Islands
even after fasting for as much as 100 days. Foraging behavior changes in accordance to the seasons and foraging efficiency increases with temperature. These
Marine_iguana
Observation or interaction with another animal
guides. They forage where the adults are foraging or where adults have previously scent-marked. Adolescence and adulthood: When rats forage on their own
Social_learning_in_animals
Milkweed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae
attacked when feeding on milkweed leaves, and the caterpillars attacked when foraging for milkweed. This demonstrates the aggressive behavior of monarch caterpillars
Monarch_butterfly
Species of mammal
manatees achieve neutral buoyancy in the water. This makes breathing, foraging, and swimming easier for the manatee. Manatees are unique, compared to
West_Indian_manatee
Raptorial winged insects
males to the extent that it affects their normal activities including foraging and in some dimorphic species females have evolved multiple forms with
Dragonfly
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
the Eurasian golden oriole. As both species are small aerial and canopy foraging omnivores, a similar ecological niche was inferred for this hypothetical
Bird
Animal behavior
individual's ability to perform necessary biological functions, including foraging, courtship and mating behaviour. Thus, given the maladaptive nature of
Shark_agonistic_display
Approach for economic control of pests
pesticides, mitigating risks such as insecticide-induced resurgence, pesticide resistance and (especially food) crop residues. Predictive models are useful tools
Integrated_pest_management
Species of bat
Indiana bat foraging habitat in Michigan; the majority of bats was found foraging in forested wetlands and other woodlands, while one bat foraged in an area
Indiana_bat
Order of flying mammals
their fur or faeces. Insectivorous bats have less use for smell during foraging, as they rely on echolocation to search for prey. Like birds, microbats'
Bat
Species of fish
Kristian (2006). "Growing large in a low grade environment: size dependent foraging gain and niche shifts to cannibalism in Arctic char". Oikos. 112 (1): 73–82
Arctic_char
Excessive displeasing noise
navigating, communicating, and foraging. Anthropogenic noise can have a detrimental effect on animals, increasing the risk of death by changing the delicate
Noise_pollution
Family of insects
having evolved due to the high casualties involved in foraging and defence, making it an acceptable risk only for ants who are older and likely to die sooner
Ant
Desirable qualities in partners
S2CID 9068200. Baker, Michael D.; Maner, Jon K. (2009). "Male risk-taking as a context-sensitive signaling device". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Mate_choice_in_humans
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
channel. diffusion model In machine learning, diffusion models, also known as diffusion probabilistic models or score-based generative models, are a class of
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Invasive ant species
territory, and foraging workers may need to travel half a metre to reach the surface. Assuming the average forager travels 5 m, over 90% of foraging time is
Red_imported_fire_ant
Species of large sea reptile
vulnerable state. Pacific green turtles' foraging habitats are poorly understood and mostly unknown. These foraging grounds are most likely along the coast
Green_sea_turtle
Methods to eliminate or deter pest birds from landing, roosting and nesting
may damage avian retinas and cause long-term changes to behaviour and foraging that likely adversely affect birds. Wind-based: Wind-driven scare devices
Bird_control
Dried grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants used as animal fodder
falling away of the leaves during handling. Hay production is highly sensitive to weather conditions, particularly during the harvest period. In drought
Hay
Functional relationship between two quantities
the sizes of craters on the moon and of solar flares, cloud sizes, the foraging pattern of various species, the sizes of activity patterns of neuronal
Power_law
Genus of mammals belonging to the armadillo order of xenarthrans
days. Due to their low fat storage, they spend most of their activity foraging for food, which primarily consists of insects, small reptiles, and amphibians
Dasypus
Extinct species of mammoth
sensitive to contractions of steppe-tundra habitats since they were adapted to cold, dry, and open environments. Genetic results and climatic models both
Woolly_mammoth
Annual migration of salmon
easily spotted by salmon in the daytime. In 2009, researchers compared the foraging success of black bears with the white-coated Kermode bear, a morphed subspecies
Salmon_run
Taxonomic group of semi-aquatic mammals
chemical makeup of the water. Pinnipeds may dive during foraging or to avoid predators. When foraging, for example, the Weddell seal typically dives for no
Pinniped
Crocodilian native to the Southeastern United States
oasis during the Everglades dry season, so are consequently important foraging sites for other organisms. In the limestone depressions of cypress swamps
American_alligator
Substances consumed for human nutrition
technology Industrial crop Lists of foods Lists of prepared foods Optimal foraging theory Outline of cooking Outline of nutrition Right to food by country
Human_food
Australian carnivorous marsupial
years ago, and that they ranged in size, the smaller being more reliant on foraging. As the devil and thylacine are similar, the extinction of the co-existing
Tasmanian_devil
Species of tree
triloba. Media related to Asimina triloba at Wikimedia Commons Kentucky State University Pawpaw Program The Pawpaw: Foraging For America's Forgotten Fruit
Asimina_triloba
Species of turtles
snapping turtles showed that their lower bite force matches their active foraging behavior, meaning they have to travel and seek out more prey to make up
Common_snapping_turtle
Species of marine mammal
forming a highly mobile muzzle. This muscular upper lip aids the dugong in foraging. The dugong's tail flukes and flippers are similar to those of dolphins
Dugong
Use of knowledge for practical goals
crows. For example, researchers have observed wild chimpanzees using basic foraging tools, pestles, levers, using leaves as sponges, and tree bark or vines
Technology
Fish in the pelagic zone of ocean waters
Updated 2 March 2009 Moyle and Cech, p. 588 Mauchline J; Gordon JDM (1986). "Foraging strategies of deep-sea fish". Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 27: 227–238. Bibcode:1986MEPS
Pelagic_fish
Environmental effect
and certain authors maintain that pesticide risk and impact assessment models rely on and are sensitive to information describing dissipation from plants
Environmental impact of pesticides
Environmental_impact_of_pesticides
Largest species of deer
Stephen (2018). "Incorporating Road Crossing Data into Vehicle Collision Risk Models for Moose (Alces americanus) in Massachusetts, USA". Environmental Management
Moose
Digit of the forelimb
(2004). "Fruits, Fingers, and Fermentation: The Sensory Cues Available to Foraging Primates". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 44 (4): 295–303. doi:10
Finger
Emotion modeling in AI
regression and classification models are used for machines to produce continuous or discrete labels. Sometimes, models are also built that allow combinations
Affective_computing
Release of petroleum into the environment
van Bernem, Karl-Heinz (2001). "Chapter 7: Conceptual Models for Ecology-Related Decisions". Models in Environmental Research. Springer. pp. 127–145. IPIECA
Oil_spill
St Andrew's cross spider
respond to and attack prey caught in the web faster, decreasing their foraging time overall, which is thought to decrease exposure to predators. Mating
Argiope_keyserlingi
Chemical compound
sublethal levels of imidacloprid have been shown to impair navigation, foraging behavior, feeding behavior, and olfactory learning performance in honeybees
Imidacloprid
Clade of insects
reduces colony growth, foraging success, and queen survival in both laboratory and field conditions. Following EFSA's 2018 risk assessment, outdoor agricultural
Bee
Chemical compound
be effective in locally eliminating German wasps. All colonies within foraging range were eliminated within one week. In May 2003, the French Directorate-General
Fipronil
Data acquisition method for earth sciences
wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation which various instruments are sensitive to. Shorter wavelengths are generally useful for site characterization
Remote_sensing_in_geology
Sexual stimulation of one's own genitals
through this perineal part of the penis, which seems to represent a highly sensitive area. Sinclair Intimacy Institute. "Discovery: Health". Archived from
Masturbation
2010 book by Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jethá
they mate and form a monogamous pair bond. Following this "she will be sensitive to indications that he is considering leaving (vigilant toward signs of
Sex_at_Dawn
Species of freshwater bird
social familiarity rather than foraging or migration. Fish account for about 80% of the diet of the common loon. It forages on fish of up to 26 cm (10 in)
Common_loon
Subspecies of brown bear
particularly sensitive to human activities and natural threats. In Alberta and British Columbia, the species is considered to be at risk. In 2008, it
Grizzly_bear
Informal group of large marine mammals
means of communication. Whales also produce bubble-nets for the purpose of foraging. Larger whales are thought, to some degree, to engage in play. The southern
Whale
Biological theorem
Other examples of biological bet hedging include female multiple mating, foraging behavior in bumble bees, nutrient storage in rhizobia, and bacterial persistence
Bet_hedging_(biology)
Species of whale
calves will often form bonds with each other while their mothers were out foraging. These social groups of immature calves have been referred to as "kindergartens"
Beluga_whale
Species of shark
(26–131 ft). On occasion, they may enter water less than 1 m deep when foraging; there is an exceptional record of a whitetip reef shark being captured
Whitetip_reef_shark
System of grazing moving animals between paddocks around the year
rotation when forage will be more scarce, limiting the potential for animals to gorge themselves when turned out onto new paddocks. The risk of bloat can
Rotational_grazing
Species of reptile
W. (2006). "Fixed Videography to Study Predation Behavior of an Ambush Foraging Snake, Crotalus horridus ". Copeia 2006 (2): 181–187. ANIMAL BYTES – Canebrake
Timber_rattlesnake
Starchy tuber used as a staple food
Martins-Farias 1976; Moseley 1975 Harris, David R.; Hillman, Gordon C. (2014). Foraging and Farming: The Evolution of Plant Exploitation. Routledge. p. 496.
Potato
Genus of Late Cretaceous theropod
that evolved long legs did so to reduce the energy costs and increase foraging efficiency, as they were freed from the demands of predation pressure due
Tyrannosaurus
Climatic cooling after the Medieval Warm Period (16th–19th centuries)
Juliette; Menary, Matthew (2021). "On the risk of abrupt changes in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in CMIP6 models". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Little_Ice_Age
Holocene climate period during which northern Africa was wetter than today
climate modelling are often inconsistent with each other; in general, the simulation of the Green Sahara is considered a problem for Earth system models. There
African_humid_period
Basic emotion
causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision. Musically sensitive people may even be disgusted by the cacophony of inharmonious sounds.
Disgust
Large rainforest in South America
using hundreds of climate-model simulations says even passing 1.5C of global warming temporarily would trigger a significant risk of Amazon forest dieback
Amazon_rainforest
Area of coast exposed only at low tide
in those regions for fisheries.[citation needed] Intertidal zones are sensitive habitats with an abundance of marine species that can experience ecological
Intertidal_zone
Species of bird
the only pelican to primarily forage via diving, all other extant pelican merely float on the waters' surface when foraging. Upon surfacing, it spills the
Brown_pelican
Subspecies of bird
responds to stress stimuli. In juvenile birds, it improves food intake, foraging, begging calls, and aggression, therefore enhancing survival potential
Society_finch
RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS
RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS
RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS
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RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS
RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS
RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS
RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS
RISK SENSITIVE-FORAGING-MODELS