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Theory that resource wealth slows growth
The resource curse, also known as the paradox of plenty or the poverty paradox, is the hypothesis that countries with an abundance of natural resources
Resource_curse
Countries that primarily produce oil or natural gas
economic growth and competitiveness. Petrostates can suffer from the resource curse, meaning that their abundance of natural resources can have detrimental
Petrostate
Tantalum-niobium ore
(2007). Escaping the Resource Curse. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 1. Humphreys; et al. (2007). Escaping the Resource Curse. New York: Columbia
Coltan
natural resource wealth in some countries as a blessing, while others have referred to it as a natural resource curse. A vast body of resource curse literature
List of countries by oil exports
List_of_countries_by_oil_exports
2021 non-fiction book by Amitav Ghosh
Resource Curse, Colonialism, And The Hypocrisy Of Western "Climate Leadership" : "The resource curse, or the paradox of plenty, posits that resource-rich
The_Nutmeg's_Curse
War fought over resources
and volatile economic state if the resource fluctuates heavily in price. This phenomenon is known as the resource curse. Conflict resources are natural resources
Resource_war
Source or supply from which benefit is produced
usage of resources: Environmental degradation Over-consumption Resource curse Resource depletion Tragedy of the commons Various benefits can result from
Resource
Ecological and economic concept
primary resource availability, this is called resource curse. Unsustainable consumption by the steadily growing human population may lead to resource depletion
Resource_consumption
Theory in economics
Renewable Energies) linked to a sovereign wealth fund to avoid the resource curse (Paradox of plenty). Another strategy for avoiding real exchange rate
Dutch_disease
Island country in Oceania
reserves were exhausted in the 1990s and, in a classic example of the resource curse, mismanagement of the island's accumulated mining wealth resulted in
Nauru
Resources that exist without actions of humankind
leading to inequality and underdevelopment. This is known as the "resource curse". Extractive industries represent a large growing activity in many less-developed
Natural_resource
Country in Central Africa
extraction and exploitation. The nation is a prominent example of the "resource curse". Aside from Kinshasa, the next largest cities, Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Economy whose GNP or GDP comes mainly from natural resources
45% of total exports and more than 20% of the GDP. Natural resource economics Resource curse Twaddell, Hannah (2007). Best practices to enhance the transportation-land
Resource-based_economy
Organized Italian crime syndicate
Economic Journal attributed the emergence of the Sicilian Mafia to the resource curse. Early Mafia activity was strongly linked to Sicilian municipalities
Sicilian_Mafia
2012 Wilson, Sigismond (21–23 May 2009), Diamonds in Sierra Leone, A Resource Curse? (PDF), International Conference "Financial markets, adverse shocks
Mining_in_Sierra_Leone
State in eastern India
living in cities. Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of India's mineral production but 39
Jharkhand
Society becoming more democratic
variable in the vast majority of the studies" identifying some type of resource curse effect. A 2014 meta-analysis confirms the negative impact of oil wealth
Democratization
Use of natural resources for economic growth
degradation Nature-based solutions Over-consumption Overexploitation Resource curse Resource depletion Spaceship Earth Sustainability Cronin, Hemang . (2011)
Exploitation of natural resources
Exploitation_of_natural_resources
Country in Southeast Asia
dependent on oil revenue. The dependence on oil shows some aspects of a resource curse. Coffee made up 90% of all non-fossil fuel exports from 2013 to 2019
Timor-Leste
Intercontinental economic ties
China's blind support of the African elite in a resource-abundant country may worsen the 'resource curses', by encouraging elites to tighten their control
Africa–China economic relations
Africa–China_economic_relations
International petroleum organization
conflict, instability and imbalances, in what economists call the "natural resource curse". A further complication is that religion-linked conflicts in the Middle
OPEC
Change in a thing that degrades it away from its initial state
resources but have a poor economy and/or corrupt government (the so-called "resource curse") The two concepts, damage caused by institutions and damage caused
Damage
2012 book by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson
become rich despite poor natural endowments. They refute the theory of "resource curse"; what matters is the institutions that shape how a country uses its
Why_Nations_Fail
Insights from the Coase Theorem (Energy Law Journal 2010) • Mitigating the Resource Curse: A Proposal for a Microfinance and Educational Lending Royalty (Energy
Scott_Gaille
Overuse of a shared resource
both Race to the bottom – Economic competition scenario Resource curse – Theory that resource wealth slows growth Social trap – Type of 'tragedy of the
Tragedy_of_the_commons
2006 American political thriller film by Edward Zwick
million in sales. Conflict resource – Natural resources sold to fund war Resource curse – A phenomenon in which a resource-rich country develops more
Blood_Diamond
Term for a politically unstable country
Failed state Junta, a tabletop simulation game of a banana republic Resource curse Richard Alan White (1984). The Morass. United States Intervention in
Banana_republic
1991–2002 war in West Africa
characterized by lower levels of economic development is known as the "resource curse". The presence of diamonds in Sierra Leone invited and led to the civil
Sierra_Leone_Civil_War
Depletion of natural organic and inorganic resources
Resource depletion occurs when a natural resource is consumed faster than it can be replenished. The value of a resource depends on its availability in
Resource_depletion
Large inflow of income from high production or prices of oil
benefits, in terms of increased GDP growth, but might later lead to a resource curse. Some important oil booms around the world include: Pennsylvanian oil
Oil_boom
Dictator of Equatorial Guinea since 1979
Wayback Machine Agbo, Osmund (31 December 2021). "Teodoro Obiang Mbasogo: Resource curse and an African despot". Premium Times. Archived from the original on
Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo
Strategic framework in Saudi Arabia
these resources as a major source of income have been described as the "resource curse". However, the implementation of this goal has been unstable and remains
Saudi_Vision_2030
Baloch tribe in Pakistan
"Balochistan: The Resource Curse In The Shadow Of Superpowers", SL Guardian(18/april/2025). URL: [24](https://slguardian.org/balochistan-the-resource-curse
Bugti
American energy and foreign-policy specialist
material interests typically prevail. Her co-edited volume Beyond the Resource Curse (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012) examined how hydrocarbon wealth
Brenda_Shaffer
states in the region are rentier states, which experience the theorized resource curse. This article follows sources that place Cyprus in Europe, not the Middle
Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
Democracy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa
rubber, and cocoa, made it susceptible to the political resource curse: Indonesia's resource wealth led to corruption, inequality, and political instability
Politics_of_Indonesia
American software company
Anysphere, Inc., doing business as Cursor, is an American software company which develops Cursor, an AI coding agent and software development environment
Cursor_(company)
materials nevertheless experience high levels of poverty (resource curse). The term resource justice as a subcategory of distributive justice was first
Resource_justice
Basic material that is used to produce other things
development often show a phenomenon known as "Dutch disease" or the "resource curse", which occurs when the economy of a country is mainly based upon its
Raw_material
Process of extracting resources from the earth
economists Andrea Cori and Salvatore Monni extractivism perpetuates a resource curse, a phenomenon that causes countries rich in natural resources to have
Extractivism
Spot price of a barrel of benchmark crude oil
prices could alleviate some of the negative effects associated with the resource curse, such as authoritarian rule and gender inequality. Lower oil prices
Price_of_oil
2014 documentary film
in West Africa, the accusations of corruption that follow, and the resource curse. The film follows Texas-based Kosmos Energy as it attempts to start
Big_Men_(film)
Analysis of the Norwegian economy
economies. It is a possible counter-example to the Paradox of Plenty (or Resource Curse). Although the concept of Norwegian "paradox" has been used in the literature
Norwegian_paradox
American economist (born 1954)
Humphreys, Macartan; —; Stiglitz, Joseph E., eds. (2007). Escaping the resource curse. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51210-7. OCLC 654395500
Jeffrey_Sachs
Political party in Uganda
compound this problem — as it does in many developing nations (as per the resource curse) — is an abundance of oil. The Petroleum Bill — passed by the Ugandan
National_Resistance_Movement
International spending of petroleum export revenues
multi-year political obstacles associated with what economists call the "resource curse". Most of the other large exporters accumulated enough financial reserves
Petrodollar_recycling
When a country gets stuck at an income
countries by real GDP per capita growth Median income Progress trap Resource curse World-systems theory Graphic detail Charts, maps and infographics (2011-12-22)
Middle_income_trap
Oil reserves located in Ghana
taking 13.9%. Some scholars have argued that Ghana has avoided the resource curse around fossil fuels, by providing legal checks on the system through
Petroleum_industry_in_Ghana
Sovereign wealth fund of Nauru
Pollock, Nancy (15 December 2014). "Nauru Phosphate History and the Resource Curse Narrative" (PDF). Journal de la Société des Océanistes: 107–120. Treasury
Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust
Nauru_Phosphate_Royalties_Trust
Industry of raw materials and unprocessed food
percentage involved in the secondary and tertiary sectors. Economics portal Resource curse Three-sector model Often using non-powered equipment, sometimes even
Primary_sector
Network of gaming websites
Curse is a gaming company that managed the video game mod host CurseForge, wiki host Gamepedia, and the Curse Network of gaming community websites. The
Curse_LLC
writes that promoting the circular economy helps China to avoid the resource curse and helps to alleviate overreliance on extractive industries. Some subnational
Mining_industry_of_China
Bougainville, region in Papua New Guinea
Cornish, Michael. "The Bougainville Conflict: A Classic Outcome of the Resource-Curse Effect?". Peach & Conflict Monitor. Archived from the original on 22
History_of_Bougainville
American international development think tank
Migration as a Tool for Disaster Recovery, Oil-to-Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers, Pakistan: US Development Strategy, Preemptive
Center_for_Global_Development
Beninese economist
interests include democratization, clientelism and redistributive politics, resource curse, the long-term social impact of historical events, and development economics
Leonard_Wantchekon
Term used for any conflict about petroleum resources
war Petro-aggression Petrodollar recycling Petroleum politics Resource curse Resource war Booty futures contract 1973 oil crisis 1990 oil price shock
Oil_war
Indian economic policy
industries, which seem to have imposed on the region a version of the 'resource curse' noted more frequently in sub-Saharan Africa." In the western region
Freight_equalisation_policy
Ending the Resource Curse". The New York Times. "Nothing is faster than Follow the green strategy to save earth". "Nigeria Natural Resource Charter". "AERC"
Natural_Resource_Charter
Australian Aboriginal scholar and activist
The Resource Curse. Griffith Review, no. 29. Langton, M., and O. Mazel. 2008. Poverty in the midst of plenty: Aboriginal people, the 'resource curse' and
Marcia_Langton
respect booty futures invert the usual logic of the resource curse literature, in which resource wealth funds the side that already controls extraction
Booty_futures_contract
level of e-commerce development. Liu describes this as an example of resource curse. The increase in e-commerce in urban areas has led to loss of sales
E-commerce_in_China
District in Balochistan, Pakistan
"Balochistan: The Resource Curse In The Shadow Of Superpowers", SL Guardian(18/april/2025). URL: [24](https://slguardian.org/balochistan-the-resource-curse
South_Dera_Bugti_District
Pollock, Nancy J. (15 December 2014). "Nauru Phosphate History and the Resource Curse Narrative". Journal de la Société des Océanistes. 138–139 (138–139):
Politics_of_Nauru
1979–1989 armed conflict in South Asia
China. The Soviet invasion has also been analyzed with the model of the resource curse. The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran saw a massive increase in the scarcity
Soviet–Afghan_War
Nigerian politician
Commissioner for Education by Governor Umo Eno in February 2025. “Resource Curse” and “Resource Wars” and the Proliferation of Small Arms in Africa. Cameroon
Ubong_Essien_Umoh
Bahraini government initiative
p. 186. ISBN 978-1-317-59322-5. Kamrava, Mehran (21 May 2020). The "Resource Curse" in the Persian Gulf. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-72709-8. Retrieved 13
Bahrainization
Industry concept of crude oil and natural gas reserves and resources
List of countries by proven oil reserves Natural gas Proven reserves Resource curse World energy resources and consumption Technology, Charles R. Vanorsdale
Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
Oil_and_gas_reserves_and_resource_quantification
American academic
American Studies Association. [15] Its central idea of a political resource curse “was recognized by Time Magazine as one of “ten ideas that are changing
Terry_Karl
Academic and political science expert
Political Science at UC Santa Barbara. He published "Institutions and the ‘Resource Curse’: Evidence From Cases of Oil-Related Bribery" in Comparative Political
Paasha_Mahdavi
Province in Central China
Retrieved 20 June 2026. Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United
Henan
Ethnic group in the United States
region has yet to recover from. The region had its own experience of the resource curse, which ultimately made it harder for them to rebound from the industries
Appalachian_Americans
Use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain
exporting abundant natural resources may encourage corruption. (See Resource curse) War and other forms of conflict correlate with a breakdown of public
Political_corruption
America and China economic relations, poverty, trade, migration, the resource curse, and financing for development. It explores development through a comprehensive
Initiative for Policy Dialogue
Initiative_for_Policy_Dialogue
Government which derives all or most of its income from foreigners
Debt-trap diplomacy Kleptocracy Rent-seeking Georgism Rentier capitalism Resource curse State capitalism Hydraulic empire Mahdavy 1970, p. 428 Ross 2001 Beblawi
Rentier_state
Territorial conflict between Chile and allied Peru and Bolivia (1879–84)
questioned whether or not the nitrate wealth conquered in the war was a resource curse. During the Nitrate Epoch, the government increased public spending
War_of_the_Pacific
Province of China
1088/1748-9326/aafa55. Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United
Heilongjiang
Autonomous region of China
ISBN 978-1-63286-422-2. Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United
Inner_Mongolia
Russian-Canadian documentary filmmaker (born 1987)
life reflects the enduring turmoil shaped by the country’s so-called “resource curse.” Filming took place in the jungle around Bukavu, South Kivu Province
Anastasia_Trofimova
Extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth
displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Resource curse – Theory that resource wealth slows growth Resource extraction – Resources that exist without
Mining
Sierra Leonean economist
University of London. Her PhD dissertation focused on Debt Overhang and the ‘Resource Curse Hypothesis. Jones completed a Certificate in Social Entrepreneurship
Yakama_Manty_Jones
European Union legislation
of funding. Both coltan and blood diamonds have been examples of the resource curse that plagues some parts of Africa. Social: Increasing globalization
Critical_Raw_Materials_Act
President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024
February 2021. Tani, Shotaro (25 January 2022). "Indonesia's drive to lift resource curse shakes global producers". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on
Joko_Widodo
the possibility of oil production creating a resource curse in Guyana as has happened in similar resource-rich countries. There are also concerns regarding
Petroleum_industry_in_Guyana
Province in eastern China
Retrieved 16 June 2011. Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United
Jiangxi
Process of extracting gold from the ground
leaving the areas without proper rehabilitation. In some instances, the 'resource curse' phenomenon may occur, where countries rich in natural resources, like
Gold_mining
American economist (born 1969)
Development and Cultural Change, January 2009, 57(2). "Rural Windfall or Resource Curse? Coca, Income and Civil Conflict in Colombia," (with Joshua Angrist)
Adriana_Kugler
Doctrine that the sins of one's ancestors lead to the punishment of their descendants
succession Blood curse Christian views on sin Concupiscence Curse of Ham Curse and mark of Cain Curse of Turan Curse of the Atreides Curse tablet Demonic
Ancestral_sin
Economic sector of Mongolia
embarked on exploitation of offshore oil; it could turn out to be a "resource curse" as in the case of Nigeria or "Dutch Disease" as in the case of the
Mining_in_Mongolia
greatest benefit from its factor endowment. Environmental determinism Resource curse "Heckscher-Ohlin model and factor endowments | Intermediate Microeconomic
Factor_endowment
Production model to minimise wastage and emissions
writes that promoting the circular economy helps China to avoid the resource curse and helps to alleviate overreliance on extractive industries. A major
Circular_economy
Province in East China
archival service (link) Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United
Shandong
Lower relative opportunity cost in producing a good
mitigate future disruptions. Business portal Bureau of Labor Statistics Resource curse Revealed comparative advantage Schumacher, Reinhard (2012). Free Trade
Comparative_advantage
ISBN 978-1-5017-6900-9. Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United
Politics_of_China
Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power
resources tends to increase the prevalence of corruption, also called the resource curse. The presence of fuel extraction and export is unambiguously associated
Corruption
Building in Wichita Falls, Texas, US
with it ever since. The oil industry would ultimately prove to be a resource curse to Wichita Falls, and the Texas oil boom ended only a few years later
World's_littlest_skyscraper
Town in Mozambique
Extractive Industries and Changing State Dynamics in Africa: Beyond the Resource Curse (Routledge Studies in African Development series; eds. Jon Schubert
Palma,_Mozambique
American businessman and financier (born 1963)
Retrieved August 25, 2016. "Twenty years of PE: NGP's Hersh on the "Resource Curse"". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 21, 2015. "Kenneth Hersh Named
Kenneth_Hersh
Coordinated process of enhancing human resources nationally
resulting from overreliance on resource extraction, also known as the “resource curse”, Azerbaijan launched an initiative known as Converting Black Gold to
National human resource development
National_human_resource_development
Era in history
gradient, Offshore drilling, Deepwater drilling, Drilling fluid Other Resource curse, Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia, Problems in oil well drilling, Oil imperialism
Age_of_Oil
1980 U.S. foreign policy
energy wealth for the oil-rich Soviet Union, which along the lines of resource curse literature, has been hypothesized to have caused the boldness of the
Carter_Doctrine
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