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Compression technique used in videomaking
techniques. In older video encoding standards, such as MPEG-2, only one reference frame – the previous frame – was used for P-frames. Two reference frames (one
Reference_frame_(video)
Topics referred to by the same term
A frame of reference consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points. Frame of reference or reference frame may also
Frame of reference (disambiguation)
Frame_of_reference_(disambiguation)
Class of video frames processed in a distinct way by a compression algorithm
In the field of video compression, a video frame is compressed using different algorithms with different advantages and disadvantages, centered mainly
Video compression picture types
Video_compression_picture_types
Still image frame of moving picture
In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture. The
Film_frame
2001 video game
Fatal Frame is a survival horror video game developed by Tecmo for PlayStation 2. The first entry in the Fatal Frame series, it was published by Tecmo
Fatal_Frame_(video_game)
Upcoming virtual reality headset
trademarks on the name "Steam Frame" for use on video game hardware. On November 12, 2025, Valve officially announced the Steam Frame as part of a new wave of
Steam_Frame
Number of frames rendered in one second
film and video cameras, computer animation, and motion capture systems. In these contexts, frame rate may be used interchangeably with frame frequency
Frame_rate
Electronic moving image
at a slower frame rate of 24 frames per second, which slightly complicates the process of transferring film to video. The minimum frame rate to achieve
Video
Frame in a video compression stream
An inter frame is a frame in a video compression stream which is expressed in terms of one or more neighboring frames. The "inter" part of the term refers
Inter_frame
2003 video game
Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly is a survival horror video game developed by Tecmo for PlayStation 2. The second entry in the Fatal Frame series, it
Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly
Fatal_Frame_II:_Crimson_Butterfly
Video compression technique, used to efficiently predict and generate video frames
difference between one frame and another is the result of either the camera moving or an object in the frame moving. In reference to a video file, this means
Motion_compensation
Process of synchronizing display pixel scanning to a synchronization source
timing reference is used in video production to synchronize the timing of a video source signals. As a result, the timing or alignment of the video frame can
Frame_synchronization_(video)
Widely used standard for video compression
Internet Protocol television Group of pictures Intra-frame coding Inter frame MPEG-4, Advanced Video Coding (Part 10) (H.264) (Full draft). Sustainability
Advanced_Video_Coding
Extended display of a single frame in television and film
In film and video, a freeze frame is when a single frame of content shows repeatedly on the screen—"freezing" the action. This can be done in the content
Freeze-frame_shot
American voice actor and musician
(2000) BombShellShocked (2003) In the County of Kings (2007) Empty Frame of Reference (2009) Falls on Me (2011) Lipstick and Barbed Wire (2013) My Kind
Eric_Stuart
Video of higher resolution than original television
from interlaced 1,080-line video (a technical descendant of the original analog NHK 1125/30 Hz system) with a maximum frame rate of 30 Hz, (60 fields per
High-definition_video
Video compression format, succeeds MPEG-1
preceding reference frame. As a result, B-frames usually provide more compression than P-frames. B-frames are never reference frames in MPEG-2 Video. Typically
H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2
Frame sequence for color composite video signals
In video engineering, the color frame sequence is the sequence of fields in an analog composite video signal through which the video frame timing and
Color_frame_sequence
Device that captures still frames from video
frame grabber is an electronic device that captures (i.e., "grabs") individual, digital still frames from an analog video signal or a digital video stream
Frame_grabber
Portion of random-access memory containing a bitmap that drives a video display
framebuffer (frame buffer, or sometimes framestore) is a portion of random-access memory (RAM) containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is
Framebuffer
Scottish musician
Roddy Frame (born 29 January 1964) is a Scottish singer-songwriter and musician. He was the founder of the 1980s new wave band Aztec Camera and has undertaken
Roddy_Frame
Video codec
at the video surveillance, scene play and other specific applications, AVS2 designs scene frames (Image G and Image GB) and reference scene frame S. For
Audio_Video_Standard
Baseband analog video signal format
(black-and-white) video. A composite video signal combines, on one wire, the video information required to recreate a color picture, as well as line and frame synchronization
Composite_video
American YouTuber (born 2000)
The Times of Israel described the video as featuring "man-on-the-street encounters and selective interviews that frame local disputes over welfare, land
Tyler_Oliveira
Perceived video degradation
models, whose output is calculated for every frame of a video sequence. An overview of recent no-reference image quality models has also been given in
Video_quality
Standards to label individual frames with a timecode
revision, SMPTE 12M-3, expanded the standard to higher frame rates. Timecodes are added to film, video or audio material, and have also been adapted to synchronize
SMPTE_timecode
Time between drawing frames or fields
interlaced video, and the term frame is used in progressive video and there can be a VBI after each frame or field. In interlaced video a frame is made up
Vertical_blanking_interval
1989 video game
Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1989 action-adventure video game developed by Rare and published by LJN for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It is loosely
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1989 video game)
Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit_(1989_video_game)
Drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition
an intra-frame, is a frame in which a complete image is stored in the data stream. In video compression, only changes that occur from one frame to the next
Key_frame
In video compression algorithms a residual frame is formed by subtracting the reference frame from the desired frame. This difference is known as the
Residual_frame
Machine learning model
available text-to-video and video-to-video models accessible to the public through a web interface. Gen-1, initially released as a video-to-video model, allowed
Text-to-video_model
include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought. Gottlob
Philosophy_of_language
System used in computer graphics applications
redundancy in the video sequence, increasing the effectiveness of inter-frame video compression by defining the contents of a macroblock by reference to the contents
Block-matching_algorithm
Apparent force in a rotating reference frame
on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force
Coriolis_force
Video encoding standard
a video. P-frames store only the difference in image from the frame (either an I-frame or P-frame) immediately preceding it (this reference frame is
MPEG-1
Electronic game with user interface and visual feedback
A video game, computer game, or simply game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface or input device (such as a joystick
Video_game
Generating high-resolution video frames from given low-resolution ones
Fidelity Criterion) shows information similarity with the reference frame MOVIE (Motion-based Video Integrity Evaluation index) integrates explicit motion
Video_super-resolution
Digital video codecs and tape formats
audio is stored uncompressed. An intraframe video compression scheme is used to compress video on a frame-by-frame basis with the discrete cosine transform
DV_(video_format)
Effect of how information is presented on perception
"frame" in which it is presented changes, thus creating a reference-dependent perception. The effects of framing can be seen in journalism: the frame surrounding
Framing_(social_sciences)
2025 Full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Faster continuous release frame rates New dedicated Picture Control button (first introduced on the Z50II) Expanded video options 4K can be recorded
Nikon_Z5II
Technique for doubling the perceived frame rate of a video display
Interlaced video (also known as interlaced scan) is a technique for doubling the perceived frame rate of a video display without consuming extra bandwidth
Interlaced_video
Film of the John F. Kennedy assassination
camera's standard frame rate of 16 frame/s). While earlier 8 mm cameras had used a 16 frame/s rate, the 8 mm standard was moving to 18 frame/s by the 1960s
Zapruder_film
2014 video game
Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water is a survival horror video game developed by Koei Tecmo and originally published by Nintendo for the Wii U. The fifth
Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water
Fatal_Frame:_Maiden_of_Black_Water
1991 video game
Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1991 adventure game by Capcom for the Game Boy released in North America and Europe. Based on the 1988 film of the same title
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1991 video game)
Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit_(1991_video_game)
Bitmap image file format family
delays, forming a video clip. Each frame in an animation GIF is introduced by its own GCE specifying the time delay to wait after the frame is drawn. Global
GIF
Extension of the X video extension
not work with XvMC. Stepping through the video frame by frame can cause artifacts with XvMC. Editing a video is difficult to impossible with XvMC activated
X-Video_Motion_Compensation
File format
intended to contain video using any compression technique that requires access to future video frame data beyond the current frame (B-frame). Approaches exist
Audio_Video_Interleave
Family of digital video interfaces
been introduced to support increasing video resolutions (HD, UHD and beyond), frame rates, stereoscopic (3D) video, and color depth. Dual link HD-SDI consists
Serial_digital_interface
original video signal is available Reduced reference methods (RR), where only partial information of the original video is available, and No-reference methods
Comparison_of_video_codecs
2018 open and royalty-free video coding format
(S-frame) are a new inter-frame type that can be predicted using already-decoded reference frames from a higher-resolution version of the same video to
AV1
Video compression format, succeeds H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
work by comparing different parts of a frame of video to find areas that are redundant, both within a single frame and between consecutive frames. These
High_Efficiency_Video_Coding
Subsequence of video frames
video. An I frame indicates the beginning of a GOP. Afterwards, several P and B frames follow. In older designs, the allowed ordering and referencing
Group_of_pictures
Technique to reduce playback errors on analog media
timing reference. If the buffer over or underfills, the Frame Sync will hold the last good frame of video until another full frame's worth of video is received
Time_base_correction
Image sensor format
A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35 mm image sensor format (36 mm × 24 mm). Historically, 35 mm was one of the standard
Full-frame_DSLR
Compact encoding of digital data
compression. The intra-frame video coding formats used in camcorders and video editing employ simpler compression that uses only intra-frame prediction. This
Data_compression
Width and height of a display in pixels
the corners. Interlaced video (also known as interlaced scan) is a technique for doubling the perceived frame rate of a video display without consuming
Display_resolution
Animation technique
In animation, a smear frame is a frame used to simulate motion blur. Smear frames are used in between key frames. This animation technique has been used
Smear_frame
Black bars below and above an image
of empty space above and below it; these mattes are part of each frame of the video signal. The term refers to the shape of a letter-box, a slot in a
Letterboxing_(filming)
Analog television system
transmitted for three video fields (lasting 1+1⁄2 video frames), and the next frame is transmitted for two video fields (lasting 1 video frame). Two film frames
NTSC
2020 full-frame mirrorless camera
increased frame rate, among other improvements. 44.8-megapixel full-frame CMOS sensor 8K raw video recording at up to 29.97 fps 4K 10-bit video recording
Canon_EOS_R5
Multimedia framework
lumakey) Frame detection Black frame detection (blackdetect, blackframe) Thumbnail selection (thumbnail) Frame Blending (blend, tblend, overlay) Video stabilization
FFmpeg
2013 open and royalty-free video coding format
frame and a skip frame that triggers display of previous hidden altref content from its reference frame buffer right after the accompanying p-frame.
VP9
USB device class for webcams and other video input devices
formats SD-DV, SDL-DV, and HD-DV (525-60, 625–50, 1125–60, 1250–50) Frame-based Video stream formats like MPEG-2 TS, H.264, MPEG-4 SL, SMPTE VC1, VP8 and
USB_video_device_class
Container file format family
Flash Video is a container file format used to deliver digital video content (e.g., TV shows, movies, etc.) over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player
Flash_Video
Color improvement in liquid-crystal displays
individual frame. In an LCD that uses FRC the colors that are alternated between would be more similar than those in the demonstration video, further reducing
Frame_rate_control
This is a list of video games adapted from films. Contents 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z References There are currently 616
List of video games based on films
List_of_video_games_based_on_films
Many video games have been adapted into films. These include local, national, international, direct-to-video and TV releases, and (in certain cases) online
List of films based on video games
List_of_films_based_on_video_games
Objective full-reference video quality metric
0–100 per video frame, with 100 being quality identical to the reference video. These scores are then temporally pooled over the entire video sequence
Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion
Video_Multimethod_Assessment_Fusion
In the video game industry, 2026 continues trends resulting from the large-scale layoffs from previous years, as well as impacts on hardware and consoles
2026_in_video_games
Visual artifact in video display
video and movie presentations since they are generally recorded at frame rates significantly lower than the typical monitor frame rates (24–30 frame/s)
Screen_tearing
Video compression standard
transparency, etc.), variable and fractional frame rates from 0 to 120 Hz and higher, scalable video coding for temporal (frame rate), spatial (resolution), SNR,
Versatile_Video_Coding
1986 video game
10th Frame is a ten-pin bowling sports video game published by Access Software in 1986. Up to eight players can take part in open bowling or a tournament
10th_Frame
2025 presumably AI-generated song
"loudly passionate, dramatic vocals", and has an underlying Christian theme, framing Kirk as a martyr who "lived for Jesus", and encourages supporters to continue
We_Are_Charlie_Kirk
is provided where available For a summary of 2026 in video games as a whole, see 2026 in video games. Includes El Viento, Earnest Evans, and Anett Futatabi
List of video games released in 2026
List_of_video_games_released_in_2026
attacking or defending. frame rate A measure of the rendering speed of a video game's graphics, typically in frames per second (FPS). frame-perfect An action
Glossary_of_video_game_terms
Television that uses analog signals
These systems determine the number of scan lines, frame rate, channel width, video bandwidth, video-audio separation, and so on. A color encoding scheme
Analog_television
1988 film directed by Robert Zemeckis
Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American fantasy comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis from a screenplay written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman
Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit
Visual arts technique
recording 360-degree video, including rigs such as GoPro's Omni and Odyssey (which consist of multiple action cameras installed within a frame), and contained
360-degree_video
received over 70 million views in 24 hours, making it his most-viewed video in that time frame. "Conan O'Brien Needs a Doctor While Eating Spicy Wings" is the
List_of_YouTube_videos
Video side effect where image is hyperreal
opera effect is a complaint against motion pictures with a high frame rate or shot on video as opposed to film stock. Images are denounced as "too realistic"
Soap_opera_effect
This is a list of notable video game companies that have made games for either computers (like PC or Mac), video game consoles, handheld or mobile devices
List_of_video_game_developers
Adjustment to ensure that the tape head is correctly aligned to read the tape
the tape's lower edge holds pulses that mark the beginning of every frame of video; these are used to fine-tune the tape speed during playback and to get
Video_tape_tracking
2012 video game
survival horror video game developed by Tecmo Koei Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS as a spin-off of the Fatal Frame series. Following
Spirit_Camera
Data compression technique
Intra-frame coding is a data compression technique used within a video frame, enabling smaller file sizes and lower bitrates. Since neighboring pixels
Intra-frame_coding
Measurement of a signal at discrete time intervals
(progressive, also known as Full-HD). In digital video, the temporal sampling rate is defined as the frame rate – or rather the field rate – rather than
Sampling_(signal_processing)
Video format that operates at 24 frames per second
In video technology, 24p refers to a video format that operates at 24 frames per second frame rate with progressive scanning (not interlaced). Originally
24p
Series of video essays about film
Every Frame a Painting is a series of video essays about film form, editing, and cinematography created by Taylor Ramos and Tony Zhou between 2014 and
Every_Frame_a_Painting
2024 YouTube video by MrBeast
received over 70 million views in 24 hours, making it his most-viewed video in that time frame. Donaldson overtook T-Series as the most subscribed YouTube channel
50 YouTubers Fight for $1,000,000
50_YouTubers_Fight_for_$1,000,000
Aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9 units
the DVD format. An anamorphic PAL region DVD video frame has a maximum resolution of 720 × 576p, but a video player software will stretch this to 1024 × 576p
16:9_aspect_ratio
2008 open and royalty-free video coding format
be referenced for temporal prediction: the last Golden Frame (may be an intra frame), alternate reference frame, and the directly preceding frame. The
VP8
Loop delay that occurs when a video camera is pointed at its own playback video monitor
The loop delay from camera to display back to camera is at least one video frame time, due to the input and output scanning processes; it can be more
Video_feedback
Video codec
Perceptually lossless video quality that is close to the original, uncompressed quality Low complexity and high throughput intra frame only coding without
Advanced_Professional_Video
Standard for HDTV image encoding and signal characteristics
modes. Video captured in progressive mode can be recorded, broadcast, or streamed in progressive or progressive segmented frame modes. Video captured
Rec._709
1991 video game
Disney/Amblin film, Who Framed Roger Rabbit. The game follows the same basic pattern of the cartoon at the beginning of Who Framed Roger Rabbit and the subsequent
Hare_Raising_Havoc
Undesirable visual artifact in television
Hanover bars, in one of the PAL television video formats, are an undesirable visual artifact in the reception of a television image. The name refers to
Hanover_bars
Conflation of multiple HTML elements for web-page display
In the context of a web browser, a frame is a part of a web page or browser window which displays content independent of its container, with the ability
Frame_(World_Wide_Web)
This conform is checked against a video copy of the offline edit to verify that the edits are correct and frame-accurate. This work-print (cutting copy
Online editing (video production)
Online_editing_(video_production)
Australian animated web series
"Animation Video & Film 2025". Webby Awards. Archived from the original on 22 April 2025. Retrieved 8 June 2026. In the text, these references are preceded
The_Amazing_Digital_Circus
Post-production process of transferring film to video
second, whereas NTSC video has a signal frame rate of 29.97 frames per second. Every interlaced video frame has two fields for each frame. The three-two pull
Three-two_pull_down
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
in a vacuum regardless of the motion of the source or the inertial reference frame of the observer. The speed of light is the upper limit for the speed
Speed_of_light
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Indian
Reverence, Sanctity
Female
Yiddish
(פרוּמֶע) Variant spelling of Yiddish Fruma, FRUME means "pious one."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Fame; Eternal Flame
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Reverence; Esteem
Girl/Female
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Frain.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Preference
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish
Exalted; Supreme
Girl/Female
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
English
French town.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places so called from the rivers on which they stand, or simply a name for someone living beside a river of this name, which is probably cognate with Welsh ffraw ‘fair’, ‘fine’, ‘brisk’. Compare Frampton.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
First Preference
Boy/Male
Muslim
Reverence, Sanctity
Boy/Male
British, English
French Town; Diminutive of Fraser
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bream 1.French : from Old Occitan brame ‘cry’, ‘howl’, presumably applied as a nickname.
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Name and Fame
Boy/Male
Arabic
Reader; Reciter
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Holy
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Direction; Princess of the Family
Boy/Male
Indian
Name of a companion of the prophet
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Birks.
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Muslim, Swahili
Seeker of; Candidate; Student
Boy/Male
Spanish
Hardy; brave.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mrignayani | à®®à¯à®°à¯€à®•à¯à®¨à®¾à®¯à®¾à®¨à¯€
A girl with eyes as beautiful as that of a dee, Gazelle
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Full of Passion
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
REFERENCE FRAME-VIDEO
n.
The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.
a.
Of the color of flame; of a bright orange yellow color.
n.
That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?
n.
One who regards with reverence.
v. t.
To provide with a frame, as a picture.
n.
Report or opinion generally diffused; renown; public estimation; celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable; as, the fame of Washington.
imp. & p. p.
of Frame
n.
A term applied, especially in England, to certain machines built upon or within framework; as, a stocking frame; lace frame; spinning frame, etc.
n.
One who frames; as, the framer of a building; the framers of the Constitution.
v. t.
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
n.
That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
imp. & p. p.
of Reverence
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
v.
A transverse frame of a framed structure.
n.
Particular state or disposition, as of the mind; humor; temper; mood; as, to be always in a happy frame.
n.
A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.
n.
To burst forth like flame; to break out in violence of passion; to be kindled with zeal or ardor.
n.
The act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing anything; a frame; that which frames.
n.
To burn with a flame or blaze; to burn as gas emitted from bodies in combustion; to blaze.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.