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Database query language
Query by Example (QBE) is a database query language for relational databases. Query by Example was devised by Moshé M. Zloof at IBM Research during the
Query_by_Example
Relational database programming language
Structured Query Language (SQL) (pronounced /ˌɛsˌkjuˈɛl/ S-Q-L; or alternatively as /ˈsiːkwəl/ "sequel") is a domain-specific language used to manage
SQL
media descriptions (for example, elimination of Redundancy) Categorization of media descriptions into classes. In query by example, the element used to search
Multimedia_search
Part of a URL that assigns values to specified parameters
the query string. Web frameworks may provide methods for parsing multiple parameters in the query string, separated by some delimiter. In the example URL
Query_string
Method of image retrieval
update] Different query techniques and implementations of CBIR make use of different types of user queries. QBE (Query By Example) is a query technique that
Content-based_image_retrieval
Method of creating database queries
Microsoft Query is a visual method of creating database queries using examples based on a text string, the name of a document or a list of documents. The
Microsoft_Query
System to identify resources on a network
gives answers to DNS queries from data that have been configured by an original source, for example, the domain administrator or by dynamic DNS methods
Domain_Name_System
RDF query language
SPARQL query for a SPARQL endpoint, for example ViziQuer. In addition, tools exist to translate SPARQL queries to other query languages, for example to SQL
SPARQL
Using concrete examples to teach computers behaviors
the most simple case of PbD is the macro recorder. Query by Example Automated machine learning Example-based machine translation Inductive programming Lapis
Programming_by_example
Computer language used to make queries into databases and information systems
systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL). Broadly, query languages
Query_language
Address on the World Wide Web
part without a query part may also be referred to as a 'clean URL,' whose last part may be a 'slug.' An optional query component preceded by a question mark
URL
Way to obtain data from a database
or viewed on the screen. A query language, like for example Structured Query Language (SQL), is used to prepare the queries. SQL is an American National
Data_retrieval
Music identification system
(input query) and comparing it to an existing database. The system then returns a ranked list of music closest to the input query. One example of this
Query_by_humming
Feature to efficiently execute queries efficiently in DBMS softwares
execute a given query by considering the possible query plans. Generally, the query optimizer cannot be accessed directly by users: once queries are submitted
Query_optimization
Content-based image retrieval
Typically, this type of search engine uses techniques of query by example or Image query by example, which use the content, shape, texture and color of the
Reverse_image_search
Computer bug exploit caused by invalid data
modify a database or otherwise compromise the meaning of the original query. For example, consider a web page that has two text fields which allow users to
Code_injection
Database using graph structures for queries
graph database (GDB) is a database that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. A key concept
Graph_database
Type of database query
theory, a conjunctive query is a restricted form of first-order queries using the logical conjunction operator. Many first-order queries can be written as
Conjunctive_query
Data warehousing schema
unless there is a clear need (for example, extremely large dimensions) because it adds complexity for users and can hurt query performance. Star schemas align
Star_schema
Computer hacking technique
screen. As an example, a book review website uses a query string to determine which book review to display. So the URL https://books.example.com/review?id=5
SQL_injection
Organized collection of data in computing
techniques, query languages and query optimization methods, RAID, and more. The database research area has several dedicated academic journals (for example, ACM
Database
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
q_{i}=x_{i,{\text{query}}}W^{Q}} . The matrix of all query vectors is the query matrix: Q = X query W Q {\displaystyle Q=X_{\text{query}}W^{Q}} Similarly
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Relational database management system
design and implementation of visual Query by Example that was supported by an AI engine for heuristic, dynamic query optimization. Effective use of conventional
Paradox_(database)
Basic operations of a computer database
record pattern Data manipulation language Input/output ACID Query by Example Command–query separation Scaffold (programming) Martin, James (1983). Managing
Create, read, update and delete
Create,_read,_update_and_delete
String used to identify a name of a web or internet resource
the path, query and fragment, and the generic reserved character ? may be used in the query and fragment. The following figure displays example URIs and
Uniform_Resource_Identifier
Optimization problem in computer science
Particular examples include vp-tree and BK-tree methods. Using a set of points taken from a 3-dimensional space and put into a BSP tree, and given a query point
Nearest_neighbor_search
Typographic character indicating a question (?)
The question mark ? (also known as interrogation point, query, or eroteme in journalism) is a punctuation mark that indicates a question or interrogative
Question_mark
Data query language developed by Facebook
GraphiQL, Apollo Studio, GraphQL Hive, GraphQL Editor, and Step CI. Query by Example OpenAPI Specification Microservices "GraphQL September 2025 Release
GraphQL
ETL tool developed by Microsoft
Power Query is an ETL tool created by Microsoft for data extraction, loading and transformation, and is used to retrieve data from sources, process it
Power_Query
Logical arrangement of computing tables in a multidimensional database
following example query is the snowflake schema equivalent of the star schema example code which returns the total number of television units sold by brand
Snowflake_schema
Relational model database server
parallel with the development of SQL, IBM also developed Query by Example (QBE), the first graphical query language. IBM's first commercial relational-database
IBM_Db2
Character used to substitute for any other character/s in a string
example List<*>). glob (programming) Pattern matching Wildcard (Java) Query by Example Wild card (cards) Wildcard DNS record wildmat "Using wildcard characters"
Wildcard_character
Use of machine learning to rank items
functions. Query-level features or query features, which depend only on the query. For example, the number of words in a query. Some examples of features
Learning_to_rank
Sequence of steps used to access data in a SQL relational database management system
A query plan (or query execution plan) is a sequence of steps used to access data in a SQL relational database management system. This is a specific case
Query_plan
Microsoft .NET Framework component
part of .NET Framework 3.5 in 2007. LINQ extends the language by the addition of query expressions, which are akin to SQL statements, and can be used
Language_Integrated_Query
results but execute with better performance (for example, faster, or with lower memory use). Query rewriting can be based on relational algebra or an
Query_rewriting
Multi-model database
documents, key/value) with one database core and a unified query language AQL (ArangoDB Query Language). AQL is mainly a declarative language and allows
ArangoDB
Theory of relational databases
structures for modeling data and defining queries on it with well founded semantics. The theory was introduced by Edgar F. Codd. The main application of
Relational_algebra
American technologist and cryptographer (1980–2011)
aiming to commercialize Patterson's Support Vector Machine-based "Query By Example" (later "OBELisQ") project. Sassaman and Patterson announced Osogato's
Len_Sassaman
American technologist, science fiction author, and journalist (born 1977)
provide a "query-by-example" extension to the SQL language, allowing DBAs to quickly and easily form complex datamining requests based on example positive
Meredith_L._Patterson
In databases, cached query results
materialized view is a database object that contains the results of a query. For example, it may be a local copy of data located remotely, or may be a subset
Materialized_view
IT architecture separating actions and reads
Command-query separation (CQS) is a principle of imperative computer programming. It was devised by Bertrand Meyer as part of his pioneering work on the
Command–query_separation
Query entered into a web search engine
A web query or web search query is a query that a user enters into a web search engine to satisfy their information needs. Web search queries are distinctive
Web_query
a text string (query-by-string keyword spotting) or a word image (query-by-example keyword spotting). Giotis, A.P; Sfikas, G.; Gatos, B.; Nikou, C. (2017)
Keyword_spotting
Query language for property graphs
GQL (Graph Query Language) is a standardized query language for property graphs first described in ISO/IEC 39075, released in April 2024 by ISO/IEC. The
Graph_Query_Language
A query-level feature (QLF) is a ranking feature utilized in a machine-learned ranking algorithm. Example QLFs: How many times has this query been run
Query-level_feature
Type of information retrieval using LLMs
data (for example knowledge graphs). These embeddings are then stored in a vector database to allow for document retrieval. Given a user query, a document
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented_generation
Information technology system architecture
scalability, maintainability, and runtime performance. Implementations of Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) and event-driven designs frequently integrate
Command Query Responsibility Segregation
Command_Query_Responsibility_Segregation
SQL clause
A join clause in the Structured Query Language (SQL) combines columns from one or more tables into a new table. The operation corresponds to a join operation
Join_(SQL)
Marker used in SQL databases to indicate a value does not exist
database query language, null or NULL is a special marker used to indicate that a data value does not exist in the database. Introduced by the creator
Null_(SQL)
Branch of computer science
example, in some cases it is important to know the worst case for the total time for the whole sequence of N queries, rather than for a single query.
Computational_geometry
Automated information retrieval method
provided in a search query. In other words, the ideas expressed in the information retrieved in response to a concept search query are relevant to the
Concept_search
Statistics about search result quality
database returns results from a collection of resources that satisfy a user's query. They are therefore fundamental to the success of information systems and
Evaluation measures (information retrieval)
Evaluation_measures_(information_retrieval)
Syntax used to query databases
query language (DQL) is part of the base grouping of SQL sub-languages. These sub-languages are mainly categorized into four categories: a data query
Data_query_language
Database feature
statement, parameterized statement, (not to be confused with parameterized query) is a feature where the database pre-compiles SQL code and stores the results
Prepared_statement
Computer network protocol
WHOIS (pronounced as the phrase "who is") is a query and response protocol that is used for querying databases that store an Internet resource's registered
WHOIS
A hierarchical query is a type of SQL query that handles hierarchical model data. These are useful for working with databases of graph-structured data
Hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL
Hierarchical_and_recursive_queries_in_SQL
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
WHERE price > 100.00 ORDER BY title; The example below demonstrates a query of multiple tables, grouping, and aggregation, by returning a list of books
SQL_syntax
Database administration tool
Creating PDF graphics of the database layout Creating complex queries using query-by-example (QBE) Searching globally in a database or a subset of it Transforming
PhpMyAdmin
pages for users with interests in different categories. For example, users issuing a Web query such as "apple" might expect to see Web pages related to the
Web_query_classification
Database operation
A range query is a common database operation that retrieves all records where some value is between an upper and lower boundary. For example, list all
Range_query_(database)
Division of an entire space into ≥2 disjoint subsets
query. For example, a rule may specify that any polygon must be at least n nanometers from any other polygon. This is converted into a geometry query
Space_partitioning
Finding information for an information need
process begins when a user enters a query into the system. Queries are formal statements of information needs, for example search strings in web search engines
Information_retrieval
Measure of ranking quality
information retrieval. It is often normalized so that it is comparable across queries, giving Normalized DCG (nDCG or NDCG). NDCG is often used to measure effectiveness
Discounted_cumulative_gain
Combining data from multiple sources
heterogeneous data sources, often referred to as information silos, under a single query interface have existed for some time. In the early 1980s, computer scientists
Data_integration
Interrelating info from diverse sources
the semantics of the query by missing the relationships between entities. Below is the example that compares SPARQL and SQL queries for medications that
Semantic_integration
Determining the answers to a query on a database
to the query on the database. If the queries are Boolean queries, i.e., queries have a yes or no answer (for example, Boolean conjunctive queries) then
Query_evaluation
SQL statement that returns a result set of rows from one or more tables
ORDER BY clause, the order of rows returned by an SQL query is undefined. The DISTINCT keyword eliminates duplicate data. The following example of a SELECT
Select_(SQL)
Unsolved problem on graph query complexity
(n^{2})} lower bound. For example, the monotone property of nonplanarity requires Θ ( n 3 / 2 ) {\displaystyle \Theta (n^{3/2})} queries, and the monotone property
Aanderaa–Karp–Rosenberg conjecture
Aanderaa–Karp–Rosenberg_conjecture
Network administration command-line tool
this example, dig is used to query for any type of record information in the domain example.com: $ dig example.com any ; <<>> DiG 9.6.1 <<>> example.com
Dig_(command)
Query language for object-oriented databases
Object Query Language (OQL) is a query language standard for object-oriented databases modeled after SQL and developed by the Object Data Management Group
Object_Query_Language
Computer software system
techniques like in DBMS, where a query plan with the lowest costs is chosen from different equivalent query plans. One example is to choose the order of two
Data_stream_management_system
Search using the full text of documents
documents to find matches for user queries. Full-text-search techniques began to appear in the 1960s (for example, IBM STAIRS in 1969), and became common
Full-text_search
sublanguages associated with modern RDBMS's are QBE (Query by Example) and SQL (Structured Query Language). In 1985, Codd encapsulated his thinking in
Sublanguage
Data item stored in a browser by a website
confusion. For example, if the preferences of a user are encoded in the query string of a URL and the user sends this URL to another user by e-mail, those
HTTP_cookie
Software engineering object-oriented API
known. Typically, fluent builders are used to implement "database queries", for example in the Dynamite client library: // getting an item from a table
Fluent_interface
Cyberattack using corrupt DNS data
any DNS records passed back that are not directly relevant to the query. For example, versions of BIND 9.5.0-P1 and above perform these checks. Source
DNS_spoofing
scenarios examined in their article. Using GPT-3, released by OpenAI in 2020, as an example, they estimated that training the model in Microsoft's U.S
Environmental_impact_of_AI
System that provides database services specifically for arrays
manifold optimization opportunities. As an example for array query operators the rasdaman algebra and query language can serve, which establish an expression
Array_DBMS
Effect in mathematics from combinations
involved in the query. For example, if a Customers table has 5 rows and a Products table has 10 rows, running a naive SQL join query such as SELECT *
Cartesian_explosion
Jakarta Persistence Query Language (JPQL; formerly Java Persistence Query Language) is a platform-independent object-oriented query language defined as
Jakarta Persistence Query Language
Jakarta_Persistence_Query_Language
Digital database whose organization is based on the relational model of data
using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database. The concept of relational database was defined by E. F. Codd at IBM in 1970
Relational_database
engine on how to execute the query. For example, a hint may tell the engine to use or not to use an index (even if the query optimizer would decide otherwise)
Hint_(SQL)
Computer query in SQL
a SQL database query, a correlated subquery (also known as a synchronized subquery) is a subquery (a query nested inside another query) that uses values
Correlated_subquery
Declarative graph query language
Cypher is a declarative graph query language that allows for expressive and efficient data querying in a property graph. Cypher was largely an invention
Cypher_(query_language)
AI that generates content
such as the GPU chips produced by NVIDIA and AMD or the Neural Engine included in Apple silicon products. For example, the 65 billion parameter version
Generative_AI
Component of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system
are examples of simple custom filters for the new Window Event Log: Caveats: There are limitations to Microsoft's implementation of XPath Queries using
Event_Viewer
Processing mode
(/ˈoʊlæp/), is an approach to quickly answer multi-dimensional analytical (MDA) queries. The term OLAP was created as a slight modification of the traditional
Online_analytical_processing
Model of computation used by algorithms
In computer science, the Robertson–Webb (RW) query model is a model of computation used by algorithms for the problem of fair cake-cutting. In this problem
Robertson–Webb_query_model
Collaborative multilingual knowledge graph
to the graph databases comparison performed by Wikimedia.) 86 on GitHub "Wikidata Query Builder". query.wikidata.org. Brandom, Russell (1 October 2025)
Wikidata
Aspect of information processing
Semantic queries allow for queries and analytics of associative and contextual nature. Semantic queries enable the retrieval of both explicitly and implicitly
Semantic_query
Minimizing problem in computer programming
query RMQA(l,r) =arg min A[k] (with 1 ≤ l ≤ k ≤ r ≤ n) returns the position of the minimal element in the specified sub-array A[l … r]. For example,
Range_minimum_query
Database class for storage and retrieval of modeled data
incorporate advanced features to optimize query performance. For example, MongoDB supports compound indexes and query-optimization strategies, Cassandra offers
NoSQL
Topic in computer science
a small number of "local" queries to the object. For example, the following promise problem admits an algorithm whose query complexity is independent
Property_testing
Data structures used in spatial indexing
spatial join. This is beneficial for many algorithms based on such queries, for example the Local Outlier Factor. DeLi-Clu, Density-Link-Clustering is a
R-tree
Condition in databases
predicate) in a query is said to be sargable if the DBMS engine can take advantage of an index to speed up the execution of the query. The term is derived
Sargable
Computing problem
the range query problem consists of efficiently answering several queries regarding a given interval of elements within an array. For example, a common
Range query (computer science)
Range_query_(computer_science)
The following is a partial list of linguistic example sentences illustrating various linguistic phenomena. Different types of ambiguity which are possible
List of linguistic example sentences
List_of_linguistic_example_sentences
automatic semantic matching between queries and databases. Schema-agnosticism is the property of a database of mapping a query issued with the user terminology
Schema-agnostic_databases
Family of database software by Microsoft
proprietary relational database management system developed by Microsoft using Structured Query Language (SQL, often pronounced "sequel"). As a database
Microsoft_SQL_Server
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Dwells by the Path by the Brook
Girl/Female
Tamil
Chethasaa | சேதாஸா
By consciousness
Chethasaa | சேதாஸா
Boy/Male
Tamil
Omdutt | ஓமà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®¤Â
Given by God
Omdutt | ஓமà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®¤Â
Boy/Male
English
Lives by the path by the brook.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Blessed by God; Forgiven by God
Girl/Female
Hindu
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
Njn
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Modern, Sanskrit, Telugu
Loved by Buddha; Liked by Buddha
Girl/Female
Indian
By consciousness
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, Norse
Farm by a Ditch; Town by the Ditch
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
By Thinking
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hridhya | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
By heart
Hridhya | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
Boy/Male
British, English
Lives by the Path by the Brook
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Trick; Power; Strategy; Solution by Logic; By Reasoning
Girl/Female
Indian
By heart
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nirved | நிரà¯à®µà¯‡à®¤
Gift by God
Nirved | நிரà¯à®µà¯‡à®¤
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhana Priya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Loved by wealth
Dhana Priya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhanapriya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Loved by wealth
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
Girl/Female
Muslim
A narrator of Hadith (Wife of abu Hayyan al-kasir)
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Deep Meditation
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Sunset
Boy/Male
English
Strong as a boar.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Desired
Boy/Male
Welsh Celtic
Incredibly strong.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Gibb.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Worshipper
Boy/Male
Norse
Son of Skopta.
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
QUERY BY-EXAMPLE
a.
Out of the common path; aside; -- used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line, by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by-design, by-interest, etc.
v. i.
To have a doubt; as, I query if he is right.
adv.
Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.
pref.
Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.
pref.
Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.
v. t.
To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query.
pl.
of Query
pref.
With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.
v. t.
To address questions to; to examine by questions.
v. t.
Earnest inquiry; question; query.
imp. & p. p.
of Query
v. t.
To twirl; to turn or wind round; to coil; as, to querl a cord, thread, or rope.
n.
A question in the mind; a doubt; as, I have a query about his sincerity.
adv.
Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by.
n. & v.
See Querl.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Query
v. t.
To write " query" (qu., qy., or ?) against, as a doubtful spelling, or sense, in a proof. See Quaere.
adv.
Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time.
v. t.
To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into; as, to query the items or the amount; to query the motive or the fact.
n.
That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query.