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Remote quantum processors for computation
Cloud-based quantum computing refers to the remote access of quantum computing resources—such as quantum emulators, simulators, or processors—via the internet
Cloud-based_quantum_computing
Sculpture by Antony Gormley in London
The Quantum Cloud is a contemporary sculpture, designed by Antony Gormley, located next to The O2 in London. The sculpture was commissioned for the site
Quantum_Cloud
Cloud quantum computing platform
IBM Quantum Platform (previously known as IBM Quantum Experience) is an online platform allowing public and premium access to cloud-based quantum computing
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Quantum computing company based in Toronto, Canada
Xanadu Quantum Technologies is a Canadian quantum computing hardware and software company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The company develops cloud accessible
Xanadu_Quantum_Technologies
Quantum Computing Division/Software
Microsoft Azure Quantum is a public cloud-based quantum computing platform developed by Microsoft, that offers quantum hardware, software, and solutions
Microsoft_Azure_Quantum
American technology company
proactive system monitoring, it was integrated with Quantum Cloud-Based Analytics software. The Quantum Xcellis product line was released in 2015. The first
Quantum_Corporation
development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of quantum information
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
This list contains quantum processors, also known as quantum processing units (QPUs). Some devices listed below have only been announced at press conferences
List_of_quantum_processors
Cloud computing platform by Microsoft
"Microsoft's quantum cloud computing plans take another big step forward". ZDNet. Retrieved September 4, 2024. Gillis, Alexander. "What is Azure Quantum?". Tech
Microsoft_Azure
Quantum computing company
problems on both the company's quantum processors and classic hardware architectures. In 2018, D-Wave released the Leap quantum cloud service. In 2025, D-Wave
D-Wave_Systems
Open-source software development kit
optimized computations through the cloud. Qiskit allows users to write quantum circuits and execute them on real quantum processors (such as superconducting
Qiskit
156-qubit quantum processor by IBM
that emerged in their previous quantum processors, and that this processor is being made available for users via the cloud. The first version is reportedly
IBM_Heron
Basic circuit in quantum computing
In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit
Quantum_logic_gate
Computing company founded in 2014
a quantum computing company formed by the merger of Cambridge Quantum and Honeywell Quantum Solutions. The company's H-Series trapped-ion quantum computers
Quantinuum
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
A quantum computer is a real or theoretical computer that exploits quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement in an essential way. It is widely
Quantum_computing
American quantum computing company
superconducting quantum integrated circuits used for quantum computers. Rigetti, which is based in Berkeley, California, also develops a cloud platform called
Rigetti_Computing
Computer scientist and quantum computing researcher
of blind quantum computing. Her work has included contributions to quantum cryptography, verification of quantum computing, and cloud quantum computing
Elham_Kashefi
Physics phenomenon
Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others
Quantum_entanglement
Atoms kept at temperatures close to absolute zero
with a temperature near absolute zero. At such temperatures, the atoms quantum-mechanical properties become important, especially through what is known
Ultracold_atom
List of software for quantum computing
simulators, and cloud platforms used in quantum computing. Quantum software is used to design quantum algorithms, create and manipulate quantum circuits, compile
List_of_quantum_software
Property of computational resources needed
In quantum information theory, magic is a property that quantifies the computational resources needed to describe quantum states beyond stabilizer states
Magic_(quantum_information)
Computer programming for quantum computers
the means to simulate the quantum programs or prepare them to be run using cloud-based quantum devices and self-hosted quantum devices. The following software
Quantum_programming
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
In quantum computing, a quantum algorithm is an algorithm that runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the
Quantum_algorithm
Random change in the energy inside a volume
In quantum physics, a quantum fluctuation (also known as a vacuum state fluctuation or vacuum fluctuation) is the temporary random change in the amount
Quantum_fluctuation
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
Networks connecting quantum processors
Quantum networks form an important element of quantum computing and quantum communication systems. Quantum networks facilitate the transmission of information
Quantum_network
Quantum computing implementation
quantum computing is a branch of quantum computing and solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits in a quantum
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Physical phenomenon
Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away. While teleportation
Quantum_teleportation
Process forming a path from many random steps
physics, random walks and some of the self interacting walks play a role in quantum field theory. astrophysics: antiprotons generated by spallation in the
Random_walk
American multinational technology company
Microsoft released Azure Quantum for public preview. The public cloud computing platform provides access to quantum software and quantum hardware including trapped
Microsoft
Basic unit of quantum information
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit
Qubit
Hypothetical particle with one magnetic pole
monopoles as predicted by Dirac." Gibney, Elizabeth (January 29, 2014). "Quantum cloud simulates magnetic monopole". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14612
Magnetic_monopole
Sub-field of quantum physics and optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light)
Quantum_optics
US information technology company
partnered to make its quantum computers available to the public through Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud. In October 2021, IonQ
IonQ
timeline of quantum computing and communication. Erwin Schrödinger publishes a theorem setting the basis for quantum steering and the limits of quantum state
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Computational benchmark
In quantum computing, quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum computer can solve a problem that
Quantum_supremacy
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
Quantum information science is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science
Quantum_information_science
Secure communication method
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically
Quantum_key_distribution
Loss of quantum coherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence. It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence
Quantum_decoherence
Non-mathematical introduction
Quantum mechanics is the study of matter and matter's interactions with energy on the scale of atomic and subatomic particles. By contrast, classical
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics
Interdisciplinary research area
Quantum machine learning (QML) is the study of quantum algorithms for machine learning. It often refers to quantum algorithms for machine learning tasks
Quantum_machine_learning
Quantum computing company
Offering Quantum Cloud Computing Services". Forbes. Retrieved 29 October 2019. Explained, Quantumcomputing (16 August 2019). "QC Ware — Quantum Computing
QC_Ware
Planned quantum technology campus in Chicago
economic decline in the area. Cloud-based quantum computing Timeline of quantum computing and communication "Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park"
Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park
Illinois_Quantum_and_Microelectronics_Park
Process in quantum computing
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising
Quantum_error_correction
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An
Quantum_channel
Cloud-based service and infrastructure
Google Cloud is a suite of cloud computing services offered by Google that provides a series of modular cloud services including computing, data storage
Google_Cloud_Platform
Operations Per Second (CLOPS) benchmark". "Compute resources | IBM Quantum Platform". quantum.cloud.ibm.com. Retrieved 2025-10-18. Schoot, Ward van der; Wezeman
Circuit Layer Operations per Second
Circuit_Layer_Operations_per_Second
Quantum algorithm
In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
Quantum simulators permit the study of a quantum system in a programmable fashion. In this instance, simulators are special purpose devices designed to
Quantum_simulator
British artist
(1993) Havmannen (1995) Another Place (1997) Angel of the North (1998) Quantum Cloud (1999) Event Horizon (2007) Horizon Field (2010) Exposure (2010) Transport
Vicken_Parsons
Information held in the state of a quantum system
Quantum information is the information of the state of a quantum system. It is the basic entity of study in quantum information science, and can be manipulated
Quantum_information
Model of quantum computing
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence
Quantum_circuit
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
In quantum computing, the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a linear transformation on quantum bits, and is the quantum analogue of the discrete Fourier
Quantum_Fourier_transform
German computer scientist and mathematician
of workflow systems, service-oriented architecture, cloud computing, pattern languages and quantum computing. His initial focus was on database technology:
Frank_Leymann
British quantum physicist (1935–2025)
This led Gormley to make a radical change to his work with the piece Quantum Cloud that is now mounted over the river Thames." F. David Peat: Pathways
Basil_Hiley
Quantum search algorithm
In quantum computing, Grover's algorithm, also known as the quantum search algorithm, is a quantum algorithm for unstructured search that finds with high
Grover's_algorithm
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
Shor's algorithm is a quantum algorithm for finding the prime factors of an integer. It was developed in 1994 by the American mathematician Peter Shor
Shor's_algorithm
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem
Quantum_cryptography
English artist
Liberty Grip, at North Greenwich, London, with (to left of cable car pylon), Anthony Gormley's Quantum Cloud, also part of The Line, in the background
Gary_Hume
Proposed quantum computer implementation
A trapped-ion quantum computer (TIQC) is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
entropy. Cloud-based quantum computing is the invocation of quantum emulators, simulators or processors through the cloud. Increasingly, cloud services
Glossary_of_quantum_computing
British sculptor (born 1950)
(1997) – permanently installed at Crosby Beach near Liverpool, England Quantum Cloud (1999) – Greenwich, London, England Broken Column (1999–2003) – Stavanger
Antony_Gormley
Quantum mechanical phenomenon
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or
Quantum_tunnelling
Function describing an electron in an atom
In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes
Atomic_orbital
Geographic information system software
data formats. Its name comes from an abbreviation of its previous name, Quantum GIS. QGIS functions as geographic information system (GIS) software, allowing
QGIS
Experimental technology level
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing is characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Mathematical space representing physical quantum systems
{\displaystyle \alpha } -particle emission in a cloud chamber. The emission process is isotropic, a spherical wave in quantum mechanics, but the tracks observed are
Quantum_state_space
Iconic quantum mechanics problem
challenge to quantum mechanics theory: how can the prediction of spherically symmetric wave function result in linear tracks seen in a cloud chamber. The
Mott_problem
an open-source high-level quantum programming framework designed to simplify the implementation and development of quantum algorithms. Initially developed
Qrisp
Art project in London
colonialism. Quantum Cloud Anthony Gormley 2000 Greenwich Peninsula 51°30′07″N 0°00′33″E / 51.50181°N 0.00920°E / 51.50181; 0.00920 (Quantum Cloud) 29 m
The_Line_(art_trail)
Research institute of the University of Southern California
spans artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, grid computing, cloud computing, quantum computing, microelectronics, supercomputing, nano-satellites and
USC Information Sciences Institute
USC_Information_Sciences_Institute
Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory
In quantum computing, a quantum memory is the quantum-mechanical version of ordinary computer memory. Whereas ordinary memory stores information as binary
Quantum_memory
Fringe hypothesis
The quantum mind or quantum consciousness is a group of hypotheses proposing that local physical laws and interactions from classical mechanics or connections
Quantum_mind
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
Quantum optimization algorithms are quantum algorithms that are used to solve optimization problems. Mathematical optimization deals with finding the
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
Theories, models and concepts that go back to the quantum hypothesis of Max Planck
the advent of quantum computing may progress the fields of medicine, logistics, financial services, artificial intelligence and cloud security. Another
Applications of quantum mechanics
Applications_of_quantum_mechanics
Quantum algorithm for eigenvalue estimation
In quantum computing, the quantum phase estimation algorithm is a quantum algorithm to estimate the phase corresponding to an eigenvalue of a given unitary
Quantum phase estimation algorithm
Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm
Model of quantum computation
A quantum Turing machine (QTM) or universal quantum computer is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer. It provides a simple
Quantum_Turing_machine
American physicist
fault-tolerant quantum computing fabric", Nature Communications 5, 4015 (2014), doi:10.1038/ncomms5015 D. Castelvecchi, "IBM's quantum cloud computer goes
Jerry_M._Chow
Quantum physics-based metaheuristic for optimization problems
Quantum annealing (QA) is an optimization process for finding the global minimum of a given objective function over a given set of candidate solutions
Quantum_annealing
American computer scientist
Redmond, Washington, developing Azure Quantum and bringing the first quantum computers to the Microsoft Azure cloud. Formerly she served as the Distinguished
Krysta_Svore
American multinational technology company
technology, online advertising, search engine technology, email, cloud computing, software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial
Theorem in physics
number of closely related results in physics, all of which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories, given some
Bell's_theorem
Quantum-informatics technique
The term quantum state discrimination collectively refers to quantum-informatics techniques, with the help of which, by performing a small number of measurements
Quantum_state_discrimination
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
Quantum neural networks are computational neural network models which are based on the principles of quantum mechanics. The first ideas on quantum neural
Quantum_neural_network
Property of states in quantum mechanics
In physics, in the area of quantum information theory and quantum computation, quantum steering is a special kind of nonlocal correlation, which is intermediate
Quantum_steering
Concept in quantum information theory
In quantum information theory, quantum state purification refers to the process of representing a mixed state as a pure quantum state of higher-dimensional
Quantum_state_purification
Proposed design of bank notes
A quantum money scheme is a quantum cryptographic protocol that creates and verifies banknotes that are resistant to forgery. It is based on the principle
Quantum_money
Conference held annually by IBM
the conference were mainly about blockchain, AI, data science, quantum computing and cloud. IBM announced the creation of an AI assistant tool called Watson
IBM_Think_conference
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Paradigm of quantum computer
Linear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC), also photonic quantum computing (PQC), is a paradigm of quantum computation
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
Theorem in quantum information science
identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state, a statement which has profound implications in the field of quantum computing among others. The theorem
No-cloning_theorem
Type of quantum computer
A topological quantum computer is a type of quantum computer. It utilizes anyons, a type of quasiparticle that occurs in two-dimensional systems. The
Topological_quantum_computer
Type of quantum information processing
Adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) is a form of quantum computing which relies on the adiabatic theorem to perform calculations and is closely related
Adiabatic_quantum_computation
Hypothetical solid form of light
exit the cloud as molecules. Reportedly, photon pairs were observed in 2013, and triplets in 2018. Jaynes–Cummings model Macroscopic quantum self-trapping
Solid_light
1999 novel by Robert Charles Wilson
by the super-organism, in a sense living forever within the immortal quantum "cloud." The remaining ground stations fail one by one. Zoe's patron – having
Bios_(novel)
Computational complexity class of problems
complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with
BQP
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
Human settlement in England
paths and public artworks were also created, including Antony Gormley's Quantum Cloud and Richard Wilson's A Slice of Reality. (In 2015, these were among
Greenwich_Peninsula
of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. The major chapters of this history begin with the emergence of quantum ideas
History_of_quantum_mechanics
The Artist as Hephaestus† Piscator The Line‡ ArcelorMittal Orbit Here Quantum Cloud Liberty Grip A Slice of Reality Fountains Buxton Memorial Diana, Princess
Shrouds_of_the_Somme
QUANTUM CLOUD
QUANTUM CLOUD
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cloud
Boy/Male
Tamil
Object in the Sky cloud, Moon
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cloud, Given by water
Girl/Female
Biblical
Fourth.
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, French, German, Latin, Shakespearean, Swedish
Born Fifth
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Norman baronial name Cuinchy, a derivative of Roman Quintus, QUINCY means "fifth."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nirdhar | நிரà¯à®¤à®¾à®°
One who holds water cloud
Nirdhar | நிரà¯à®¤à®¾à®°
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cloud, Given by water
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ghanamalika | கநாமாஂலீகாÂ
Clouds
Ghanamalika | கநாமாஂலீகாÂ
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English cointe, quointe ‘known’ (via Old French, from Latin cognitus ‘known’). The Middle English word was used in various senses, any of which could have given rise to the surname: ‘cunning’, ‘crafty’, ‘knowledgeable’ (especially about dress, hence ‘elegant’), ‘attractive’. The sense development continued with ‘odd’ or ‘unusual’, the normal meaning of the modern English word ‘quaint’.German and Dutch : variant of Quandt.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Champion, Cloud, Passionate, Crow, Talktive person
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cloud we can Say it as a group of clouds before rain
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cloud
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Horace, Latin Horatius, a Roman family name of unknown origin, associated chiefly with the name of the poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65–8 bc).
Biblical
fourth
Boy/Male
Latin Biblical
Born fourth.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Object in the Sky cloud, Moon
Surname or Lastname
South German
South German : occupational name for an official in charge of the legal auction of property confiscated in default of a fine; such a sale was known in Middle High German as a gant (from Italian incanto, a derivative of Late Latin inquantare ‘to auction’, from the phrase In quantum? ‘To how much (is the price raised)?’).German : metonymic occupational name for a cooper, from Middle High German ganter, kanter ‘barrel rack’.German : variant of Gander 3.English : occupational name for a glover, from Old French gantier, an agent derivative of gant ‘glove’ (see Gant).
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Calm
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cloud
QUANTUM CLOUD
QUANTUM CLOUD
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Telugu
Cupid
Male
Czechoslovakian
, rich guard.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Without Fear; Fearless
Boy/Male
Indian
One of Diamond
Girl/Female
Irish
Ancient.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Oriya, Sanskrit, Telugu
Son of Agni
Boy/Male
Sikh
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Romanian, Swedish, Welsh
White Wave; Variant of Jenny which is a Diminutive of Jane and Jennifer; Fair; Smooth; Gracious Gift of God; Soft; White and Smooth; Enjoy; Pretty; Flexible
Boy/Male
Hindu
Employer
QUANTUM CLOUD
QUANTUM CLOUD
QUANTUM CLOUD
QUANTUM CLOUD
QUANTUM CLOUD
n.
One of the variables of a quantic as distinguished from a coefficient.
n.
Consisting of a cloud or clouds.
n.
A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary.
n.
A homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in general containing only positive integral powers of the variables, and called quadric, cubic, quartic, etc., according as it is of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further called binary, ternary, quaternary, etc., according as they contain two, three, four, or more variables; thus, the quantic / is a binary cubic.
n.
A function involving the coefficients and the variables of a quantic, and such that when the quantic is lineally transformed the same function of the new variables and coefficients shall be equal to the old function multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like function involving only the coefficients of the quantic.
n.
Quantity; amount.
n.
A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.
n.
A quantic of the sixth degree.
n.
A quantic of the fourth degree. See Quantic.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest.
n.
A quantic of the seventh degree.
n.
Overcast or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy sky.
a.
Without a cloud; clear; bright.
n.
A quantic of the fifth degree. See Quantic.
n.
A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant fancy; an unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or turn of expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.
n.
A quantic of the eighth degree.
n.
Part or proportion; quota.
pl.
of Quantum
n.
A little cloud.
n.
A quantic of the second degree. See Quantic.