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Feature inherited from common ancestor
In phylogenetics, a primitive (or ancestral or basal) character, trait, or feature of a lineage or taxon is one that is inherited from the common ancestor
Primitive_(phylogenetics)
Root of a phylogenetic tree
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to
Basal_(phylogenetics)
Topics referred to by the same term
Primitive root of unity; See Root of unity Primitive triangle, an integer triangle whose sides have no common prime factor Primitive (phylogenetics)
Primitive
Shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa
image: humerus brown, radius pale buff, ulna red. Analogy (biology) Primitive (phylogenetics) Panchen, A. L. (1999). "Homology — History of a Concept". Novartis
Homology_(biology)
Genus of theropod dinosaur
feathers. The genus Microraptor is both older geologically and more primitive phylogenetically than Deinonychus, and within the same family. Multiple fossils
Deinonychus
Superfamily of beetles
Marvaldi et al. in 2002, and was achieved using phylogenetic analyses. The accepted families were the primitive weevils, Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Belidae
Weevil
Phylogenetic signal is an evolutionary and ecological term, that describes the tendency or the pattern of related biological species to resemble each other
Phylogenetic_signal
Genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur
in reference to the phylogenetic proximity of this taxon to Parasaurolophus, but its retention of more plesiomorphic ('primitive') anatomy. The specific
Plesiolophus
Informal grouping composed of basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsids
Pelycosaur (/ˈpɛlɪkəˌsɔːr/ PEL-ih-kə-sor) is an older term for basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsids, excluding the therapsids and their descendants
Pelycosaur
Clade of tetrapods
distinctive to synapsids, single temporal fenestrae are also found in many primitive sauropsids. It has recently been argued that the last common ancestor
Synapsida
Origin and diversification of fish through geologic time
DNA sequences strongly supports the cyclostome monophyly". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 22 (2): 184–192. Bibcode:2002MolPE..22..184D. doi:10
Evolution_of_fish
Animals of the phylum Porifera
evidence for this relationship remains inconclusive. Fossil evidence of primitive sponges such as Otavia dates to as early as the Tonian period (around
Sponge
More distantly related group of organisms
Plesiomorphy, an ancestral trait (character state) of an organism Primitive (phylogenetics), a term for ancestral traits; the complement of "derived". Grimaldi
Outgroup_(cladistics)
Paraphyletic grouping of reptiles
near the temples. Traditionally, the Anapsida are considered the most primitive subclass of amniotes, the ancestral stock from which Synapsida and Diapsida
Anapsid
Superorder of mammals
extinct primitive mammals called Gondwanatheria existed in the supercontinent of Gondwana. Uncertainty still exists regarding the phylogenetic tree for
Laurasiatheria
Similar DNA, RNA or protein sequences within genomes or among species
overlaps with the fields of genomics, proteomics, evolutionary biology, phylogenetics, bioinformatics and mathematics. The discovery of the role of DNA in
Conserved_sequence
Life arising from non-living matter
for free energy." However, current scientific consensus describes the primitive atmosphere as weakly reducing or neutral, diminishing the amount and variety
Abiogenesis
Grouping of organisms
contrast with clade, a strictly phylogenetic unit. The concept of evolutionary grades arises in the context of phylogenetics: the study of the evolutionary
Evolutionary_grade
Extinct family of odd-toed ungulates
generally recovered as the basalmost (cladistically most primitive) brontothere in phylogenetic analyses. North American representatives of Eotitanops do
Brontotheriidae
Extinct clade of primarily herbivorous dinosaurs
numerical analysis of the phylogenetics of Ornithischia was published in 2008 by Richard J. Butler and colleagues, including many primitive ornithischians and
Ornithischia
Order of sharks
Due to their primitive anatomy, hexanchiforms were previously considered the most basal group of sharks. However, more recent phylogenetic studies indicate
Hexanchiformes
Family of birds
G. David E. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships amongst swifts and swiftlets: A multi locus approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (1):
Swift_(bird)
Dinosaur with feathers
also known from dinosaurs that are very primitive members of the bird lineage, or Avialae. The most primitive example is Epidexipteryx, which had a short
Feathered_dinosaur
Polyphyletic group of tetrapodomorphs
is polyphyletic, with aistopods being primitive stem-tetrapods, while recumbirostran microsaurs are primitive reptiles. All lepospondyls are characterised
Lepospondyli
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
In the phylogenetic analysis, Herrerasaurus, Sanjuansaurus and Staurikosaurus all were in a polytomy, and Herrerasauridae was the most primitive group
Herrerasaurus
Vertical groove in the middle area of the upper lip
glandular rhinarium and slit-like nostrils, it is believed to constitute the primitive condition for at least therian mammals. Monotremes lack a philtrum, though
Philtrum
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
dinosaurs' history and being otherwise so primitive, most of Staurikosaurus' other features as being primitive also can be reconstructed. For example, Staurikosaurus
Staurikosaurus
Process which formed the domestic dog
southern East Asia do not favour the preservation of fossils. Although primitive forms of the dog may have existed in Europe in the past, the genetic evidence
Domestication_of_the_dog
Suborder of stem-mammals
herbivores. Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like Anomocephalus and Patranomodon and groups like Venyukovioidea
Anomodontia
Clade of extant dinosaurs
a short, stubby tail, as opposed to the longer, unfused tails of more primitive species like Archaeopteryx lithographica. It was named by Sankar Chatterjee
Pygostylia
Order of fishes
Rüber, L. (2013). "Molecular phylogenetics of Gobioidei and phylogenetic placement of European gobies". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 619–633
Gobioidei
Clade of feathered dinosaurs
characterizes the therizinosaurs, dromaeosaurids, avialans, and some primitive troodontids. The fact that the backward-pointing hip is present in so
Maniraptora
Extinct order of reptiles
the Permian period, over 250 million years ago, based on their primitive phylogenetic position. Pachystropheus from the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) of Britain
Choristodera
Extinct suborder of temnospondyls
temnospondyls named in the phylogenetic review of the group by Yates and Warren 2000. They represent a group of primitive semi-aquatic to completely aquatic
Dvinosauria
Suborder of amphibians
the order Anura containing various primitive frogs and toads. As the name suggests, these are the most primitive frogs. Many of the species (28 in total)
Archaeobatrachia
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
In phylogenetics, the crown group, crown clade, or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection
Crown_group
Clade of dinosaurs
the most primitive known euornithians (the Yanornithiformes) had a mosaic of advanced and primitive features. These species retained primitive features
Euornithes
Nose found in some species of bats
Seymour, Kevin L.; Habersetzer, Jörg; Gunnell, Gregg F. (February 2008). "Primitive Early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocation"
Nose-leaf
Phylogenetic lineage that is inferred to exist but has no fossil record
example is the coelacanth, a type of fish related to the lungfishes and to primitive tetrapods. Coelacanths have been around for the past 80 million years
Ghost_lineage
Extinct family of fish
are considered to be among the most primitive of the arthrodires, and are widely accepted to be phylogenetically basal to the group. The bodies of Actinolepids
Actinolepidae
Family of moths
ISSN 0029-8549. PMID 28313488. Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2012). "Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)". Systematic Entomology. 37: 102–124
Erebidae
Clade of bird-like archosaur reptiles
the Triassic. The most basal (earliest-branching) and plesiomorphic ("primitive") known avemetatarsalians were the aphanosaurs. Aphanosaurs were rare
Avemetatarsalia
Extinct genus of primitive chordates
Pikaia gracilens is an extinct, primitive chordate marine animal known from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Described in 1911 by
Pikaia
concept of "age" or "primitiveness" of the groups in question to derive an order of arrangement, with "older" or more "primitive" groups being listed
Taxonomic_sequence
Family of New World monkeys
of the family Cebidae. This taxon was traditionally thought to be a primitive lineage, from which all the larger-bodied platyrrhines evolved. However
Callitrichidae
Possible earliest ancestor of the LUCA ancestral cell
ribosome, a complex made of RNA and proteins that evolved from a more primitive ribonucleoprotein machinery. FUCA appeared when the early peptidyl transferase
First universal common ancestor
First_universal_common_ancestor
Order of insects
part of the suborder Troctomorpha). They are often regarded as the most primitive of the paraneopterans. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families
Psocoptera
Ancestor of the Germanic languages
xiv. Nakhleh, Luay; Ringe, Don; Warnow, Tandy (June 2005). "Perfect Phylogenetic Networks: A New Methodology for Reconstructing the Evolutionary History
Proto-Germanic_language
Species of wasp
White, D. (2000). "Social and spatial organisation in colonies of a primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia revolutionalis (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)"
Ropalidia_revolutionalis
Subfamily of beetles
independently. The group has recently been examined using molecular phylogenetics, using fairly comprehensive sampling. Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F.; Lloyd
Lampyrinae
Genus of algae
the west coast was more basal in the phylogram, which suggests phylogenetically primitive position of this population. Newly generated DNA barcodes of the
Hypnea
Suborder of true bugs
both membranous and hardened portions (called hemelytra); members of the primitive sub-group Enicocephalomorpha have completely membranous wings. The name
Heteroptera
Phylum of soft-bodied invertebrates
classified as a "primitive turbellarian". Later studies suggested it may instead be a deuterostome, but more detailed molecular phylogenetics have led to its
Flatworm
1230492. PMID 23393261. S2CID 6112274. "Paleontologists discover most primitive primate skeleton", Phys.org (January 23, 2007). Alan de Queiroz, The MoTnkey's
Timeline_of_human_evolution
Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
the genus Hadrosaurus which was found in more recent studies to be more primitive than either lambeosaurines or other traditional "hadrosaurines", like
Saurolophinae
Extinct genus of therapsids
2005.01076.x. PMID 16780524. Cheng, Z.; Li, J. (1997). "A new genus of primitive dinocephalian—the third report on Late Permian Dashankou lower tetrapod
Raranimus
Clade of mammals in the subclass Theria
abdomen during pregnancy, though epipubic bones are present in a number of primitive eutherians. Eutheria was named in 1872 by Theodore Gill; in 1880, Thomas
Eutheria
Order of monocot flowering plants
through the advent of phylogenetics. The 1990s saw considerable progress in plant phylogeny and phylogenetic theory, enabling a phylogenetic tree to be constructed
Asparagales
Type of fossilized remains
Ichthyostega, known from fossils about 365 million years old. Its mixture of primitive fish and derived tetrapod characteristics led one of its discoverers,
Transitional_fossil
Largest class of crustaceans
multiple changes in pattern and rates of substitution" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (1): 100–116. Bibcode:2006MolPE..38..100H. doi:10
Malacostraca
palaeontologists contend that because Conodonta are chordates, they are primitive fish. For a fuller treatment of this taxonomy, see the vertebrate article
Taxonomy_of_fish
Structural fibrous protein
toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin. Keratin comes in two types: the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and the harder, derived forms found
Keratin
Extant clade of dinosaurs
a number of primitive proto-theropod and theropod dinosaurs existed and evolved alongside each other. The earliest and most primitive of the theropod
Theropoda
Family of insects
Lucanidae) reveals a Gondwanan origin of Darwin's stag beetle". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 86: 35–48. Bibcode:2015MolPE..86...35K. doi:10.1016/j
Stag_beetle
Clade of arthropods
trilobites), while excluding other fossil groups that are more 'basal' or 'primitive' (e.g. radiodonts, opabiniids and lobopodians). Members of Deuteropoda
Deuteropoda
Species of pterosaur
extinct species of pterosaur originally thought to be a species of the primitive pterosaur genus Dimorphodon from the Lower Jurassic La Boca Formation
"Dimorphodon"_weintraubi
Extinct family of synapsids
Edaphosaurids transitioned from being small carnivores in their most primitive members into some of the earliest large terrestrial herbivores. They are
Edaphosauridae
Class of ectothermic tetrapods
sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fish with articulated limb-like fins) that evolved primitive lungs, which were helpful in adapting to dry land. They diversified and
Amphibian
Genus of birds
(2003). "RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268–78. Bibcode:2003MolPE
Phalarope
Extinct order of mammals
bilophodont nature of the molar teeth was enhanced. The oldest and most primitive members of the group, such as Prodinoceras, appeared virtually simultaneously
Dinocerata
Genus of frogs
characteristics with the Leiopelma, a genus of primitive frogs native to New Zealand, with which they are a phylogenetic sister taxon to all other anurans. When
Tailed_frog
Family of bees
zephyrus or Halictus rubicundus, are considered primitively eusocial. Another example of a primitive eusocial bee species from this family is Halictus
Halictidae
Family of spiders
The posterior median eyes are vestigial in many species, but in some primitive subfamilies, they are comparable in size with the other secondary eyes
Jumping_spider
Superfamily of flies
other families of flies, the phantom crane flies (Ptychopteridae) and primitive crane flies (Tanyderidae), have similar common names due to their similar
Crane_fly
Extinct suborder of mammals
with some primitive members weighing less than 10 kg (22 lb) and the largest more than 500 kg (1,100 lb). The earliest and most primitive pantodonts
Pantodonta
Extinct clade of reptiles
drepanosaurid, actually lies just outside that clade, along with the primitive drepanosaur Vallesaurus. He also recovered a close relationship between
Drepanosauromorpha
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
covering of simpler body feathers, composed of parallel barbs as in more primitive feathered dinosaurs. However, the body feathers of Epidexipteryx are unique
Epidexipteryx
Order of mammals
Jiang, C. (2014). "Phylogenetic affinity of tree shrews to Glires is attributed to fast evolution rate". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 71: 193–200
Treeshrew
Taxonomic class of animals
are simple sensory nerve endings, but they also include statocysts and primitive light-sensitive ocelli. Hydroid colonies are usually dioecious, with the
Hydrozoa
Species of wasp
determine the caste ranks of individuals in the developing brood. Unlike less primitive Hymenoptera species, S. surinama display little morphological variation
Synoeca_surinama
Extinct genus of carnivores
mya), Mesocyon (31–15 mya) and Enhydrocyon (31–15 mya). This genus of primitive canids is the ancestor of all later canids. This early, 80-centimeter-long
Hesperocyon
Genus of extinct therapsid
phylogenetic analysis of Parasilvia to examine its evolutionary relationships, but from its morphology they argued that it was relatively primitive compared
Parasilvia
Order of insects
worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous
Plecoptera
Obsolete suborder of reptiles
paraphyletic group Thecodontia, containing the most primitive and ancestral forms. These were primitive, vaguely crocodile-like, archosauriforms that mostly
Proterosuchia
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
and Anchiornis to be troodontid, but recovered Xiaotingia as the most primitive member of the clade Dromaeosauridae rather than a close relative of Anchiornis
Xiaotingia
(Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species" (PDF)
List of organisms named after famous people (born 1925–1949)
List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_1925–1949)
Family of spiders
(Filistatidae) are cribellate spiders with features that have been regarded as "primitive" for araneomorph spiders. They are weavers of funnel or tube webs. The
Crevice_weaver
Fossil bird genus from Belgium
long-legged bird that lived near the coastline and co-existed with more "primitive" types of birds such as Ichthyornis. Asteriornis is one of the oldest-known
Asteriornis
Group of microorganisms with two flagella
solely the flagellum and the sleeve. These characteristics are considered 'primitive' or 'ancestral' in comparison with Apusomonas. Organisms with this body
Apusomonad
Extinct genus of therapsids
1134/S0031030117060077. Suchkova, J. A.; Golubev, V. K. (2019). "A new primitive therocephalian (Theromorpha) from the Middle Permian of Eastern Europe"
Titanophoneus
Extinct family of dinosaurs
the Early Cretaceous. Unlike the advanced tyrannosaurids but similar to primitive tyrannosauroids like Dilong, proceratosaurids were generally small (with
Proceratosauridae
Paraphyletic group of tetrapodomorphs
long tails. Many groups, and all the early forms, were large animals. Primitive members of all labyrinthodont groups were probably true water predators
Labyrinthodontia
Chinese historical period
According to phylogenetic research on Austronesian languages, these populations are believed to have invented the outrigger canoe—a relatively primitive canoe
Neolithic_in_China
Extinct group of armored dinosaurs
small in size (1.5–4.0 metres (4.9–13.1 ft)) and retained a number of primitive traits shared with early armoured dinosaurs and stegosaurs but lost in
Parankylosauria
Family of mammals
more recently, molecular studies have enabled the investigation of phylogenetics relationships. In some species, genetic divergence has been suppressed
Canidae
Extinct subfamily of carnivores
Borophaginae descended from the subfamily Hesperocyoninae. The earliest and most primitive borophagine is the genus Archaeocyon, which is a small fox-sized animal
Borophaginae
Extinct family of dinosaurs
the most primitive clade within Maniraptora, as well as the sister clade to oviraptorosaurs. The cladogram below follows the 2019 phylogenetic analysis
Therizinosauridae
Extinct superfamily of Dinosaurs
basal allosauroid displaying a mosaic of primitive and derived features seen within Tetanurae. Their phylogenetic analysis found traditional Megalosauroidea
Megalosauroidea
Genus of fishes
phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) using rag1 and rag2 nuclear gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics
Diplomystes
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
taxonomic groups (genera, families, orders, etc) and uses evidence from phylogenetics, the fossil record, and molecular biology to answer how different taxonomic
Macroevolution
PRIMITIVE PHYLOGENETICS
PRIMITIVE PHYLOGENETICS
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PRIMITIVE PHYLOGENETICS
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PRIMITIVE PHYLOGENETICS
PRIMITIVE PHYLOGENETICS